Beauty Shop Research Articles

Freedom Comes in a Box: Reflections on the National Museum of African American History and Culture

Freedom Comes in a BoxReflections on the National Museum of African American History and Culture Radiclani Clytus (bio) Blacks in one boxBlacks in two boxBlacks onBlacks stacked in boxes stacked on boxesBlacks in boxes stacked on shoresBlacks in boxes stacked on boats in darknessBlacks in boxes do not floatBlacks in boxes count their losses —Terrance Hayes, “The Blue Seuss” In August 2016 the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC), which is located on the last available site of Pierre L’Enfant’s 1791 master plan for the US Capital, will open its doors in honor of the black experience in America. Since the museum’s initial proposal in 1915 by black Union Army veterans, African Americans have been relentless in their demands for a parcel of what is often described as our nation’s most symbolic, if not most important, tract of real estate. As early as 1929, the collective efforts of black soldiers and citizens were sufficient enough to compel President Herbert Hoover to establish a commission that was charged with developing a plan for a National Memorial Building where “the Negro’s contribution to the achievements of America” could be duly recognized (Wilkins). This committee included the likes of Mary Church Terrell, Mary McLeod Bethune, Paul Revere Williams, and John R. Hawkins; but hard luck in the form of the Great Depression obstructed their mission to secure comprehensive legislation and private fundraising. As a result, the appeal for a national black history museum subsided for several decades, only to reemerge during the latter half of the twentieth century. So it’s not surprising that when the culture wars of the 1980s and 1990s enlivened discussions about how Americans should view the legacy of slavery, skirmishes over the proposed museum and reparations became the routine fodder of talk shows and nightly news programs. One might even argue that there is a correlation between how such debates persisted within the black public sphere (aka barber and beauty shops) and the tenacity with which Representatives such as the late Mickey Leland and John Lewis held forth as the museum’s sole congressional advocates. But [End Page 742] for all of Leland’s and Lewis’s legislative achievements, beginning with the appointment of Mary Schmidt Campbell as the chair of the Smithsonian advisory board in 1990, the National Museum of African American History and Culture Act (H.R. 3491) would not be ratified until December 16, 2003. Owing to the act’s countless compromises and delays, its realization has now come to feel like so many of our nation’s democratic struggles that turn out to be profoundly reasonable despite embattling a lifetime’s worth of opposition. Fortunately, this century’s long effort is complemented by an architectural structure that reflects the temerity of the museum’s supporters and their bold programmatic intentions. The museum’s design, which is the result of the collaboration between three internationally acclaimed architects, Philip Freelon, David Adjaye, and the late J. Max Bond, Jr. (all of whom are of African descent), marks a radical break from the neoclassical white marble monuments that dot the architectural landscape of the Capital’s centerpiece. The building itself has the appearance of an upside down ziggurat and consists of three bronze decoratively patterned inverted trapezoids that rest atop a massive plinth. According to Adjaye, a Ghanaian-British national with whom the museum’s design is closely associated, the inverted trapezoids directly reference those Yoruban shrines that were contemporaneous with the existence of the Transatlantic slave trade and thus honor the history of African craftsmanship through the visual effect of a shimmering bronze corona. By having the building’s silhouette reflect upon the foundry cultures of Nigeria and Benin, Adjaye hopes to call attention to the unacknowledged black artisans who developed much of the ornamental metal work that can be found in cities such as Savannah, GA; Charleston, SC; and New Orleans, LA. Arguably, there is very little in Adjaye’s structure and the surrounding landscape that brings to mind the agricultural labor that was essential to the accumulation of white wealth within the Americas. However, a case for this...

Knowledge and Attitude Risky Transvestite with the Scene Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) on Transvestite in Sidoarjo

ABSTRACTIn 2005 the WHO declared as many as 457 million people worldwide were affected by sexually transmitted infections. Transvestite is one of a high-risk group for contracting STIs and HIV. STI prevalence is still high on tranvestite, this is due to the use of condoms is still low and this can trigger the occurrence of STI. This study aimed to look at sexual behavior risk of transvestites, includes knowledge and attitudes related to the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on transvestites in Sidoarjo. This research used analytic study design in which the type of research is a case control. Respondents in the research were transvestites within the range of KPA Sidoarjo, as many as 54 people who were divided into two groups: 18 in cases group and 36 in control group. Age of the respondents from both groups were the same. >40 years, the highest educational level in case group was senior high school and for the control group was high school junior, both groups had the same marital status which was not married, the occupation mostly in the case group was sex workers and as beauty shop workers in the control group, lenght of time been being transvestite on case group vary for 1-12 years and 13-24 years in the control group. There was a relationship between knowledge of the incidence of STIs in transgender (p = 0.007) p < α. There was a relationship between the attitude of the incidence of STIs in transgender (p = 0.001) p < α.Keyword: transvestite, Sexual Transmitted Disease, risk behaviour, knowledge, attitude

Knowledge and Attitude Risky Transvestite with the Scene Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) on Transvestite in Sidoarjo

In 2005 the WHO declared as many as 457 million people worldwide were affected by sexually transmitted infections. Transvestite is one of a high-risk group for contracting STIs and HIV. STI prevalence is still high on tranvestite, this is due to the use of condoms is still low and this can trigger the occurrence of STI. This study aimed to look at sexual behavior risk of transvestites, includes knowledge and attitudes related to the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on transvestites in Sidoarjo. This research used analytic study design in which the type of research is a case control. Respondents in the research were transvestites within the range of KPA Sidoarjo, as many as 54 people who were divided into two groups: 18 in cases group and 36 in control group. Age of the respondents from both groups were the same. >40 years, the highest educational level in case group was senior high school and for the control group was high school junior, both groups had the same marital status which was not married, the occupation mostly in the case group was sex workers and as beauty shop workers in the control group, lenght of time been being transvestite on case group vary for 1-12 years and 13-24 years in the control group. There was a relationship between knowledge of the incidence of STIs in transgender (p = 0.007) p < α. There was a relationship between the attitude of the incidence of STIs in transgender (p = 0.001) p < α.Keyword: transvestite, Sexual Transmitted Disease, risk behaviour, knowledge, attitude

Time perspective and exercise, obesity, and smoking: moderation of associations by age.

Time perspective, a psychological construct denoting subjective orientation to either present or future concerns, has been inconsistently associated with healthy behaviors in adults. We hypothesized that associations would be stronger in young adults, who are first developing independent attitudes, than in older adults. Cross-sectional survey. The study was conducted in three cities in the Mid-Atlantic region. Subjects were 790 patrons of barber and beauty shops. Measures used were the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory future, present-fatalistic, and present-hedonistic subscales and current smoking, days per week of recreational exercise, and height and weight, by self-report. We tested if associations between time perspective and exercise, obesity, and current smoking differed by age group (18-24 years, 25-34 years, and 35 years and older) using analysis of variance and logistic regression. Higher future time perspective scores, indicating greater focus on future events, was associated with more frequent exercise, whereas higher present-fatalistic time perspective scores, indicating more hopelessness, was associated with less frequent exercise in 18- to 24-year-olds, but not in older individuals. Lower future time perspective scores, and higher present-hedonistic time perspective scores, indicating interest in pleasure-seeking, were also associated with obesity only in 18- to 24-year-olds. Current smoking was not related to time perspective in any age group. Time perspective has age-specific associations with exercise and obesity, suggesting stages when time perspective may influence health behavior decision making.

인구통계학적 특성 및 외식행동에 따른 대학생의 소셜커머스 외식상품 이용 현황

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of social commerce restaurant products by college students according to demographic characteristics and eating out behavior. The questionnaire for the survey was distributed to 450 college students, who have experiences of purchasing a restaurant product on social commerce, with 286 responses used for analysis. From the result, college students frequently use smart phones and SNS for making such purchases. While the awareness of social commerce was high, they sometimes visited the websites and purchased products. The awareness and purchase experience of Coupang and Ticket Monster turned out to be the highest. The most frequently purchased product was restaurant discount coupons, followed by fashion/accessories, movie or concert tickets, food products, and beauty shop discount coupons. The discount rate was mostly 30 to 40% on average. The most significantly considered matter in purchasing products and services was product quality, followed by discount rate and consumer review. The respondents ate out at least 3 to 5 times a week, spent won, and were generally satisfied with the restaurant products from social commerce sites. The main satisfaction reason was price, whereas the dissatisfaction reason was false and puffy advertising. Service quality improvement and variety of category were the most necessary factors for improvement. Among the demographic characteristics, there was a difference in purchase expenditure of social commerce restaurant products, as well as purpose, companion, time used and word-of-mouth experience according to gender. According to grade, there was a difference in purchase expenditure, companion, area of use and impulsive purchase. Among the eating out behavior, there was a difference in purpose, companion and word-of-mouth experience according to the eating out frequency. Meanwhile, there was a difference in purchase expenditure, companion, time used, word-of-mouth experience and tool according to the eating out cost.

Evaluation of the Toxicity of Three Hair Shampoos on the Catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>) Fingerlings

The toxicity of three brands of hair shampoos (Vinoz, Gentelle and Petals) containing linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and used mostly for hair conditioning in beauty shops by woman in Nigeria were evaluated on fingerlings of the African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (mean weight=6.42 ± 0.2g; length=4.03 ± 0.1 cm). Specimens were exposed to 0.50%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, 0.03125% and 0.00% (control) toxicant concentrations during a 96-hours static bioassay. Mortality increased with concentrations and varied with brand of shampoo used; with the 0.50% toxicant concentration and Vinoz shampoo showing highest toxicity. LC<SUB>50</SUB> for Vinoz, Gentelle and Petals were 0.0195%, 0.0281% and 0.0281% (arithmetic method), 0.9058%, 0.8873% and 0.8710% (logarithmic method) and 0.0172%, 0.0281% and 0.0177% (probit method) respectively. Survivorship of <i>C. gariepinus</i> was significantly homogeneous with Vinoz [F<SUB>(1.56)</SUB><F<SUB>crit(4.13)</SUB>], heterogeneous with Gentelle [F<SUB>(4.31)</SUB>>F<SUB>crit(4.13)</SUB>] and heterogeneous with Petals shampoos [F<SUB>(5.57)</SUB>>F<SUB>crit(4.13)</SUB>] at P<0.05. The numbers of survivors in the 0.125 and 0.03125% toxicant concentrations differed significantly with those in the control (Sig. t=0.001 & 0.002 with Vinoz and =0.002 & 0.003 with Gentelle, respectively) at the 95% confidence limit. Very low mean lethal concentrations of the xenobiotics exerted high toxicities on the aquatic biota. Regulatory agencies should enforce strict laws for the protection of the national aquatic biotopes for sustainability.

Stepping into the Future at Historic Sites

Stepping into the Future at Historic Sites Stephanie Meeks (bio) Today we take house museums for granted. But it wasn’t always this way. When Ann Pamela Cunningham and her indomitable Ladies’ Association rescued Mount Vernon 150 years ago, they were true innovators. Generations have followed their model, and we now have some 15,000 historic house museums nationwide—more than three for every county in the country if they were evenly distributed. These places include some remarkable examples of success—Mount Vernon, for instance, remains a leader and innovator—and they represent a powerful legacy for future generations. Yet underneath this success, there is a difficult truth: House museums on the whole, including some of the National Trust’s own historic sites, are in tough financial straits. We can point to a variety of culprits, from shrinking public cultural budgets to increased competition for visitors. But the bottom line is that the world has changed dramatically since the mid-20th century, when many of these house museums were created. These places, and the lessons they teach us, are as relevant as ever, but the traditional velvet ropes and timed tours have lost their luster for a generation with infinite entertainment possibilities at its fingertips. To save these places, we must be willing to challenge our own ideas of preservation and consider new models. Toward that end, the National Trust sponsored a leadership forum at Kykuit, a National Trust Historic Site in New York State, several years ago, and in 2012 we secured a grant from the Innovation Lab for Museums to support prototyping at our own network of historic sites. Promising work is already underway. In some cases, a fresh approach to interpretation, one that underscores a site’s relevance to today’s audiences, can make the difference. For instance, President Lincoln’s Cottage, a site with a reputation for innovation, attracted new audiences—and won two awards—with an exhibit that makes the connection between slavery and human trafficking in modern times. [End Page 3] Click for larger view View full resolution A new vision for Cooper-molera in monterey, California, includes installing restaurants, repurposing the barns as event space, and reopening long-closed gates to better allow the public to enjoy the gardens and orchards. At other sites, more dramatic reinvention will be required. We may need to consider re-purposing these museums as community centers or commercial properties, or returning them to private residences. Woodlawn Plantation in Virginia provides one example of how that model could work. The property has been managed as a house museum for 50 years, but has a long history of pioneering experimental agriculture. The National Trust has partnered with the Arcadia Center for sustainable Food and Agriculture to reinvigo-rate the site’s connection to experimental agriculture and connect it with the current locavore movement. Since 2010 Arcadia has farmed about three acres at the site, where the growing, harvesting, and even cooking of the vegetables, honey, and eggs that are produced there are used in on-site school programming. We are now looking to expand this partnership to encompass the entire 126 acres, moving toward a farm-to-table destination focused on the visitor experience, incorporating gardens, and expanded educational offerings. And, at Cooper-Molera Adobe in Monterey, California, a proposal to bring commercial uses to the property aims to preserve the adobe, make it widely accessible, and help revitalize downtown Monterey, while ensuring the property’s long-term financial sustainability and [End Page 4] stewardship. A house museum for only 30 years of its nearly 190-year history, Cooper-Molera has seen many uses over its life, including as a general merchandise store, tavern, beauty shops, dance studio, and offices. Click for larger view View full resolution Woodlawn Plantation in Alexandria, Virginia, has a long history of pioneering experimental agriculture. It is continuing that tradition today thanks to an innovative partnership with the Arcadia Center for sustainable Food and Agriculture. The National Trust is exploring a long-term lease arrangement with a preservation-sensitive developer to re-imagine the space. We envision the installation of restaurants, repurposing the barns as event space, reopening long-closed gates to better allow...

미용실 고객의 라이프스타일이 디스플레이 구성요소와 고객만족에 미치는 영향

미용실 고객의 라이프스타일이 디스플레이 구성요소와 고객만족에 미치는 영향

Specific features of the beauty shop interior design

Specific features of the beauty shop interior design

Robert Klotman: A Life of Musical Leadership

When Robert was inducted into the Music Educators National Conference Hall of Fame in 2004, the nominating statement read, Klotman is best known for his extensive work in string pedagogy, his leadership in professional organizations, and his teaching at Indiana (1) By this time, his career had spanned decades, and he had been active across the whole spectrum of music education from K-12 through university levels. Because of his forceful personality, his leadership skills, and his ability to anticipate the impact of new teaching ideologies, significantly influenced how stringed instruments are taught in public schools in this country. Perhaps most importantly, he had the vision to reach out internationally and helped to bring Suzuki violin pedagogy to the United States. Given the impact of Klotman's work on string education, it is appropriate to look beyond the formal trajectory of his career at his childhood and education, the people and ideals that motivated him, and the major life experiences that shaped his career. For music educators it is appropriate to search out, in particular, the distinct issues that were important to and to consider how his advocacy for those issues shaped the path of music education in the United States during the last half of the twentieth century. Robert Howard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on November 22, 1918. (2) His parents, Louis Harry and Pearl (Warshawksy) Kaplan were immigrants from Tetiev, a small town in the Ukraine located approximately seventy miles southwest of Kiev. (3) In the late 1800s, many Jewish families from that region came to the United States, often settling in the Cleveland area. Louis and Pearl married on December 16, 1917, but divorced when Robert was young. (4) Pearl raised her children on her salary as the owner of a beauty shop. began his musical studies at the age of nine. He remembers his father as being a very musical person who could pick up and play the violin without any instruction. In his family, it was just as natural to excel in music as it was to work hard in academic subjects. (5) Robert sang in the school choir in the third grade. However, when he sang he wanted to hear himself over the other children's voices, so he would sing louder than anyone else. His teacher said to him, I've got a special job for you, and made him the curtain puller. Disappointed, he went home to his mother who stated, Don't cry. You've always liked to play the violin. Thus, attributes the beginning of his violin career to his third-grade choir teacher. (6) His mother could not afford for him to take violin lessons, so she worked out an agreement with a local violinist named Hyman Schandler of the Cleveland Symphony Orchestra. Pearl would style the hair of Schandler's wife in exchange for a weekly lesson for her son. Klotman's mother was supportive of his music lessons, requiring him to practice daily. Later, she said that had she known he would become a professional musician, she would have made him practice three hours per day instead of only one hour. (7) During the years 1932-36, attended Glenville High School in Cleveland Heights, a suburb originally settled by northern European immigrants. After World War I and during the Great Depression, this area became an epicenter of Cleveland's Jewish population. (8) Ralph E. Rush (1903-65) was Klotman's high school orchestra teacher and an early mentor. (9) Rush became the band and orchestra teacher at the school in 1933 and immediately led the orchestra to first division honors at the national orchestra competition in Madison, Wisconsin. (10) says that Rush eventually became a father figure for him. Rush was likely Klotman's first real influence in his career choice and instilled in him the responsibility of belonging to a professional organization and serving the profession. (11) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] According to Klotman, people are often curious as to why he attended the Methodist school Ohio Northern University. …

Organizations Disseminating Health Messages: The Roles of Organizational Identification and HITs

Research into the dissemination of health information now includes more focus on how various organizations (e.g., beauty shops, schools, workplaces, and churches) and health information technologies (HITs) reach and affect audiences. One relational feature of organizations is identification—the feeling of belongingness. Our study explores how it influences audiences, especially in combination with HITs such as e-mail, websites, and social media. We use social identity theory to predict how organizational identification and social media might function in health communication. Using a 3 × 2 experimental design, we find that people's identification with a message source mediates the effect of social media on outcomes. These findings improve our understanding of when organizations might be most helpful for disseminating health information.

Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women’s Activism in the Beauty Industry

Book Review| July 01 2013 Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women’s Activism in the Beauty Industry Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women’s Activism in the Beauty Industry. By Tiffany M. Gill. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010. 208 pp. Photographs. $25 (paper). Ingrid Banks Ingrid Banks Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2013) 32 (4): 86–87. https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.32.4.0086 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Ingrid Banks; Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women’s Activism in the Beauty Industry. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 2013; 32 (4): 86–87. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.32.4.0086 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2013 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2013 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

A Study on the Impact of Beauty Service Experience on Consumer-Brand Relationship and Brand Loyalty -Focusing on Beauty Shop Brands-

A Study on the Impact of Beauty Service Experience on Consumer-Brand Relationship and Brand Loyalty -Focusing on Beauty Shop Brands-

Study on How Emotional Quotient of Consumers in Beauty Shops Affects Emotional Service Awareness and Customer Satisfaction in Each Emotional Category

Study on How Emotional Quotient of Consumers in Beauty Shops Affects Emotional Service Awareness and Customer Satisfaction in Each Emotional Category

Emotional Labor and Psychosocial Stress Difference of Hairdressers in Beauty Shops Depending on Variables related to Thrid Jobs

This study has attempted to figure out differences between emotional labor and psychosocial stress by occupation-related variables against hairdressing industry workers. For this, a total of 191 hairdressers in Busan were examined using emotional labor scale and psychosocial stress scale. The survey was conducted from July 1 to 30, 2011 using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's test. Then, the following results were obtained: First, according to analysis on difference in emotional labor by occupation-related variables, difference was found by monthly income in 'control of emotion' category. In terms of 'emotional dissonance,' difference was observed by job title and monthly income. In 'positive expression of emotions,' difference was detected by monthly income and number of off-days per month. Second, according to analysis on difference in psychosocial stress by occupation-related variables, differences were found by age, job title, education, work experience, monthly income, working hours and number of off-days per month. According to the analysis above, monthly income is related with both emotional labor and psychosocial stress among occupation-related variables.

Norovirus Is a Growing Problem in Nursing Facilities

Norovirus Is a Growing Problem in Nursing Facilities

Application of Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzers to Identify Mercury in Skin-Whitening Creams in Cambodia

Background. A well-documented source of mercury contamination is skin-whitening cream. The heavy metal is sometimes added to the cream to block production of melanin. Past studies have shown that about one third of skin whitening creams for sale in Phnom Penh contained mercury levels considerably higher than both United States and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) guidelines. Developing nations such as Cambodia do not have the resources for monitoring and enforcement. Objectives. Evaluate the utility of handheld X-ray fluorescence analyzers for detection of mercury in skin-whiteners. Methods. A handheld XRF unit was used to measure the total mercury content of 676 skin-whitening creams collected from volunteers from a cross-section of Phnom Penh's residents. Results. About 16% of bleaching creams collected contained more than 20 ug/g of mercury. The highest concentration was about 35,000 ug/g. A third of the samples that were custom-made or modified by beauty shops contained more than 20 ug/g of mercury. Conclusions. The handheld XRF analyzer proved an excellent tool for screening mercury in skin creams, and could be particularly useful in developing countries because it is relatively inexpensive, requires no sample preparation or extraction, can be used by staff with little technical background, and can facilitate on-site education.

The Beautyshop Stroke Education Project: The Physician's Office Is an Accurate Source for Stroke Knowledge among African-American Women (P04.063)

Objective: In this study, we looked at baseline source of knowledge and its impact on correct identification of risk factors (RF) and warning signs (WS) in a high-risk population. Background Knowledge of stroke RF and WS is poor in the high-risk population of African-Americans. Previous work demonstrated that by using a novel method of stroke education through beauty shops, African-American women gained knowledge of stroke RF but not WS. Design/Methods: Thirty African-American beauticians were educated about stroke WS and RF in 2 large urban areas in the US. The beauticians then educated African-American female clientele during appointments. Stroke knowledge was measured via pre- and post-assessment (6 weeks and 5 months) using surveys with open-ended questions. Source of knowledge was asked at baseline. Post-hoc multi-variable logistic regression adjusting for age, education, reported high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol was used to assess the impact of various knowledge sources on ability to correctly identify stroke RF and WS. Results: There were 383 completed baseline surveys. 41% knew 3 WS and 47% knew 3 RF. Family member or friend was the most common source of some stroke knowledge, 185 (48.3%), while 156 (40.7%) gained knowledge of stroke from a physician, and 148 (38.6%) from print media. Participants who obtained stroke knowledge from a physician had the highest odds of knowing 3 RF [OR 2.04 (95% CI: 1.30-3.20]. Similarly, with stroke WS, those educated by a physician had the highest odds of identifying 3 correct signs [OR 1.69 (CI: 1.08-2.64)]. Conclusions: In the Beautyshop Stroke Education Project, stroke knowledge was most likely obtained from family or friends. However, knowledge ascertained from a physician was most likely to impact the ability to correctly identify RF and WS. Additional efforts are needed to educate high-risk groups that may have limited physician access on stroke RF and WS. Disclosure: Dr. Natarajan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khoury has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moomaw has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sailor-Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Frankel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kleindorfer has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech, Inc. and Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as a speaker and participant on an advisory board.

Effect of Emotional Labor and Psychosocial Stress of Hairdressers in Beauty Shops on Customer Orientation

Effect of Emotional Labor and Psychosocial Stress of Hairdressers in Beauty Shops on Customer Orientation

The Managed Hand: Race, Gender, and the Body in Beauty Service Work. By Miliann Kang. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women’s Activism in the Beauty Industry. By Tiffany M. Gill. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010.

<i>The Managed Hand: Race, Gender, and the Body in Beauty Service Work</i>. By Miliann Kang. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.<i>Beauty Shop Politics: African American Women’s Activism in the Beauty Industry</i>. By Tiffany M. Gill. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010.