Bean Yellow Mosaic Research Articles

Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Practices against the Incidence of White Fly and Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV) in Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Practices against the Incidence of White Fly and Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV) in Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Molecular Detection and Partial Characterization of Coat Protein Gene of Moth Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MBYMV) from Northern Karnataka

Background: Moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jaq.) Marechal) is characterized as one of the most drought hardy, short duration, annual legume crop. It is mainly grown in Northern districts of Karnataka. Moth bean crop suffers from many diseases viz., yellow mosaic, bacterial blight, root rot, anthracnose and powdery mildew. Moth bean is targeted by YMV which causes severe damage to grain and fodder yields. Since not much work has been carried out on characterization of moth bean yellow mosaic virus in Northern Karnataka, an attempt was made to partially characterize coat protein gene of Moth Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MBYMV). Methods: The total genomic DNA was extracted from leaf tissues of healthy moth bean plants and yellow mosaic virus infected plants utilizing by modified CTAB method. Specific primers for yellow mosaic viruses were tried to amplify coat protein region of MBYMV. Result: Moth bean leaf samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms gave positive results with MYMV specific primer pairs (MYMV-CP-F/MYMV-CP-R) and yielded amplicons of ~1000 bp. The 1000 bp PCR products were directly sequenced and assembled. Phylogenetic tree based on full length coat protein gene sequence of MBYMV with other geminiviruses sequences downloaded from NCBI Genbank formed three major clusters of MYMV, HgYMV and MYMIV. The present MBYMV isolate formed unique cluster with MYMV group.

Assessing the Performance of Latest Greengram Varieties under Improved production Packages in Thiruppur, Tamil Nadu, India

On Farm Testing (OFT) in Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) resistant and high yielding greengram varieties was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tirupur in farmers field during kharif 2020. Totally 15 farmers each with one acre were selected in three villages of Pongalur Block in Tirupur district of Tamil Nadu. Critical input viz., seeds of greengram varieties CO 8 and DGG 1 were distributed to the farmers and the varietal performance were assessed along with the existing variety under cultivation VBN 2. The plant physiological parameters viz., plant height, number of nodules / plant and yield attributing parameters such as number of pods / plants, number of branches/plant, Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease incidence (%), yield (q ha-1) and B:C ratio were recorded. The results revealed that, among the three varieties, Greengram CO 8 was recorded more number of pods (42) and minimum incidence of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) disease incidence of 3.2 per cent resulting in the highest yield of 9.5 q ha-1 followed by DDG 1 with 34 pods/plant, MYMV disease incidence of 7.3 per cent and yield of 8.4 q ha-1 compared to the existing variety VBN 2, which recorded the lowest number of pods (31 Nos.), yield (7.6 q ha-1) with the highest MYMV disease incidence (12.5%). The highest B:C ratio was recorded in greengram variety CO 8 (2.92) which was followed by DDG 1 (2.58). It was concluded that, farmers of Tirupur district in Tamil Nadu were satisfied with cultivation of greengram CO 8 variety due to the lowest disease incidence, higher yield and Benefit Cost Ratio.

Morphological Screening of Black Gram Genotypes with Reference to Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus

One of the most devastating diseases affecting blackgram productivity in India is mung bean yellow mosaic. It is transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The current investigation was carried out to identify the blackgram genotypes resistant against the Mung bean yellow Mosaic virus (MYMV) through field screening at natural condition. The genotypes were screened using the infector row method. Twelve blackgram genotypes namely VBN-2, VBN-3, VBN-5, VBN-6, VBN-7 VBN-8, VBN-9 VBN-10, VBN-11, ADT-5, ADT-6 and CO-5 were used for screening during summer 2022. The genotypes viz., VBN-6, VBN-10 and VBN-11 were found to be resistant and moderately resistant viz., VBN-4, VBN-5, VBN-7, and VBN-8. It implies that utilization of these genotypes as YMV resistance donors for results in the production of high yielding MYMV resistant varieties through backcrossing or marker assisted backcrossing by introgression of the genes to agronomically potential genotypes that were susceptible to MYMV.

The effectiveness of the bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum against bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) potyvirus infecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Plants.

The effectiveness of the bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum against bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) potyvirus infecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Plants.

Suppression of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Plant Extracts in Faba Bean Plants

Suppression of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Plant Extracts in Faba Bean Plants

High yielding multiple blooming and leaf crinckle virus resistant greengram variety:VBN 4

Green gram variety VBN 4 is derived from PDM 139 x BB 2664. The average yield of VBN 4 is 1024kg/ha . It is 16.8 and 21.3 per cent yield increase over VBN (Gg) 3 and CO 8, respectively. It matures in 65 – 70 days. It recorded seed yield of 1251kg/ha under irrigated condition. It is 27.5 and 31.2 per cent increase over VBN (Gg)3 and CO 8, respectively. In rainfed condition, this variety recorded seed yield of 936kg/ha. It is 12.0 and 15.7 per cent increase over VBN (Gg) 3 and CO 8, respectively. Special traits of this variety are multi bloom, non-shattering type, moderate resistance to Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and powdery mildew diseases and resistance to urd bean leaf crinkle virus disease. It is suitable for cultivation in Adi, Puratasi, Markazhi/Thai and chithirai pattam in Tamil Nadu. Key wordsGreen gram, VBN 4, seed yield, multi bloom.  

Act of Malondialdehyde and Total Phenolic Content Under Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Infection and Biostimulants Application

Bean yellow mosaic virus represents a stress effect on fava bean plants. This study was conducted to assess the lipid peroxidation and total phenolic content (TPC) of fava bean plants under bean yellow mosaic virus infection and its management by the biostimulants; Rhizobium and Bacillus species spraying application. The obtained data revealed that virus-infected plants maximized stress factors, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), while it decreased in other applications. TPC significantly increased in Bacillus, and Rhizobium isolates spraying treatments with 20.99 and 22.44 mg/100g extract, respectively, compared with control. The current work provides bio-resistance by Bacillus or Rhizobium isolates effectively minimizes the adverse effects of challenges such as stressing viral infection and representing an environmentally friendly commercial value for plant growers.

Field screening of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes for resistance against major viral diseases

Green gram genotypes were evaluated to identify the sources of resistance to Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and Urdbean Leaf curl Crinckle Virus diseases. Screening was done under natural field conditions at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Telangana State, India. The experimental material consisted fifty seven All India Coordinated Research Project and state ninteen Green gram entries with one check during Kharif-2017 and nineteen AICRP and twelve state green gram entries with a check during Rabi-2017, which were screened against the major viral diseases at RARS, Warangal. Out of one hundred eleven Green gram entries, one entry viz., WGG-42 was found immune to mung bean yellow mosaic virus disease. Out of seventy eight green gram entries were screened against urdbean leaf crinckle virus disease during Kharif 2017, the disease severity index in seventy eight AICRP green gram germplasms lines range was from 1% to 5%. Based on the disease reaction of both replications during Kharif-2017, thirty entries viz., BM 4, AKM 8802, AKM 12-28, ML- 2479, ML-818, SKNM 1504, SKNM 1502, VGG 16-036, LGG 607, LGG 460, LBG 450, Pant M4, PM 14-11, COGG 13-39, KM 2355, KM 2241, K 851, Pusa 0672, NDMK 16-324, JLM-30246, JAUM0936, MH1142, IPM 02-3, IPM 312-19, Kopergoan, MGG-387, MGG-295, MGG-359, MGG-360 and MGG-434 were found resistant to urdbean leaf curl virus disease.

Identification and Molecular Characterization of Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in French Bean through Coat Protein Gene

Background: French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), is one of the important legume vegetables grown in India. The disease mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) limits successful production of beans. MYMV has become an epidemic in bean growing regions, particularly in the tropical and subtropical countries. In summer, the disease is more serious and widely distributed and reported in various countries. The current study is aimed at identification of MYMV and molecular characterization of mung bean yellow mosaic virus in French bean. This study will be helpful for early detection of the virus, so that better preventive measures can be taken to control MYMV.Methods: The investigations were conducted during 2016-2017, all the agro climatic zones of Karnataka province were surveyed. The coat protein (CP) gene of MYMV was amplified using gene specific primer with DNA isolated from MYMV infected leaves samples in french bean. Polymerase chain reaction products were Sequenced and analysed using a bioinformatic tool. Result: The CP gene decrypt sequences analysis revealed that the identity and similarity in global alignment for all the obtained sequences ranging from 80.8 to 95.3% with reference to MYMV, whereas for horse gram yellow mosaic virus (HYMV) it ranges from 90.4 to 99.1%. Two distinct yellow mosaic viruses infecting french bean (MYMV and HYMV) were identified and it was observed that there exists considerable genetic variation among these species. Present work showed that the CP region is efficient enough to provide a simple, rapid and reliable method for early detection of MYMV infections in french bean, which would help to develop proper management strategies to control these viruses.

Identification and Confirmation of Resistance in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Derivatives to Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV)

Background: Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) is found to be one of the prime viral diseases of mungbean in Tamil Nadu state. Screening for MYMV resistance in field condition always remains a hassle for breeding society. The peculiar MYMV symptoms often failed in the field due to some factors such as environmental changes, whitefly genotypes, host factors etc. With the above perspective, the present study aimed to screen the mung bean derivatives against MYMV through a novel in vitro agroinoculation technique and further substantiation through whitefly transmission.Methods: Four interspecific derivatives (VGGRU 1, VGGRU 2, VGGRU 3 and VGGRU 4) generated by making crosses between mungbean VRM (Gg) 1 and rice bean (TNAU RED) along with the susceptible check VRM (Gg) 1 were agroinoculated with the MYMV infectious clone VA 239 (KA30 DNA A + KA27 DNA) and are further substantiated through whitefly transmission studies from the artificially reared whiteflies. Result: The agroinoculation results revealed that among the four interspecific derivatives, VGGRU 1 was found to be completely resistant to MYMV. The substantiation of the obtained result through whitefly transmission also revealed that 24 h Acquisition Access Period (AAP) and 24 h Inoculation Access Period (IAP) with Bemisia tabaci able to cause 65% infectivity in susceptible plant VRM (Gg) 1 and zero infectivity in VGGRU 1 and the results were PCR confirmed for the presence of viral DNA.

Genome Sequence and Phylogeny of a Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Isolate Obtained from a 14-Year-Old Australian Lentil Sample.

Using RNA strand-specific sequencing followed by de novo assembly, a Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) genome was obtained from a lentil sample (Aus14BY) collected in Victoria, Australia, in 2005. When compared with 51 BYMV genomes, it closely resembled the Western Australian isolate PN83A (Lupinus angustifolius), with 98.4% nucleotide identity.

Development of high yielding with durable resistance against Mungbean yellow mosaic virus genotypes in Blackgram

The Blackgram culture VBG04-008 is a cross derivative of blackgram Vamban 3 x Vigna mungo var. silvestris 8 is released as TNAU blackgram VBN (Bg) 7 maturing in 65-70 days with an average height of 17 cm and suited for cultivation under both under rainfed and irrigated conditions. It has a yield potential of 981 Kg per hectare. This culture is resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus, Powdery mildew and Leaf Curl Virus and less damage of pod borer. It possesses desirable characters like high protein content (21.05%), crude fibre (5.90g/100g) and iron (3.76 mg/100g). Grains are medium sized with black in colour. It is recommended for cultivation in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Orissa. Keywords: VBG04-008; Blackgram; VBN 7 Mung Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus; Powdery mildew-Rainfed; Irrigated

The Resistance of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV) in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with Diallel Analysis

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) has been recognized as one of the major economicdisease and reduced a considerable destructive in seed yield, particularly, when plants wereinfected at the beginning stage of faba bean growing regions of Egypt. Little geneticinformation is available on the resistance of Vicia faba to BYMV disease. Hence, this studywas conducted to determine the relative importance of general (GCA) and specific (SCA)combining ability, maternal and non-maternal reciprocal effects on resistance to BYMV inselected faba bean genotypes through mechanical transmation of BYMV. A complete diallelmating scheme including reciprocals of six faba bean genotypes varied in their resistant andsusceptible to BYMV were evaluated in the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, SuezCanal University, Ismailia, Egypt during two seasons (2008/09 & 2009/010). The resultsshow that the combining ability analysis revealed that both additive and non additive geneeffects were present at this juncture and played a major role in the genetic resistance toBYMV. The crosses between the resistant and susceptible faba bean genotypes showedintermediate disease reaction to the BYMV, suggesting a polygenic system of resistance toBYMV. Significant maternal and specific reciprocal differences among the parents and theircrosses indicated that maternal inheritance is involved in the reaction of faba bean genotypesto BYMV. Also, significant genotype x years interaction suggested a deficient in stability inthe development of virus pathogen on faba bean plants. Therefore, recurrent selection wouldbe appropriate for accumulating genes for resistance to BYMV in V. faba and progenyperformance may be based on their parent's performance per se.

Participatory Varietal Selection (PVS)-a client oriented breeding approach in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)

Participatory variety selection in mung bean was carried out at Rice Research Station, Tirur. Twenty two mung bean cultures were raised in three replications with check varieties Co (Gg) 7 and VBN (Gg) 3 and farmers were involved in selection process at Research Station. Among the cultures raised, sixteen cultures were selected based on yield and scores given by the farmers. The sixteen promising cultures identified were screened for Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus resistance in hot spot and thirteen cultures were categorized as resistant and moderately resistant. Mother trials (i.e) researcher managed replicated trial was laid out with the above thirteen cultures along with check varieties. From mother trial six cultures viz., TMGG 11007, TMGG 11018, TMGG 11034, TMGG 11035, TMGG11038 and TMGG 11042 were identified for baby trials. From baby trials, three promising cultures viz., TMGG 11034, TMGG 11007 and TMGG 11042 were identified based on farmers preference.

PERSPECTIVES OF BREEDING OF VEGETABLE CROPS OF FABACEAE FAMILY TO BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (Potyvirus, Potyviridae) RESISTANCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION

In the context of climate change phytomonitoring of the prevalence of the most common viral pathogens on the crops becomes even more important, because during the last decades the harmfulness of those pathogens, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) has grown in intensity. The causative agent as the most members of Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. In Russia the virus was for the first time identified in the south of the Far East, where in the middle of XX century the massive damage of clove, lupine, sweet pea, pea, bean and Russian bean was observed. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phasйolus vulgбris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of nonchernozem belt in the RF. It is not feasible to eradicate natural BYMV foci, while the control of the causative agent carriers as a preventive measure is not very effective. There fore at present the search for the sources of resistance to BYMV and creation of parent selection material is a priority area of our phytopatologic research. At the present stage the tasks included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Laboratory of Legume Selection and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program of the Federal Research Vegetable Center which is aimed on creation of high-productive varieties of the kidney bean meeting the modern market demands.

Evaluation of Mung bean Germplasm for Resistance against Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and Whitefly Population in Relation to Epidemiological Factors

Evaluation of Mung bean Germplasm for Resistance against Mung bean Yellow Mosaic Virus and Whitefly Population in Relation to Epidemiological Factors

Molecular Detection of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Lupinus albus Plants and its Associated Alterations in Biochemical and Physiological Parameters

Bean yellow mosaic virus is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated Leguminosae plants worldwide causing mosaic, mottling, malformation and distortion in infected cultivar plants. Present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of infection of Lupinus albus (Lupine) with Bean yellow mosaic virus. Virus isolate was identified by detection of the coat protein gene amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and also via Chenopodium Amaranticolor as a diagnostic host plant. Results showed that infection can be induced under greenhouse conditions and infected plants showed a considerable level of mosaic symptoms. As disease development in infected plants is always associated with physiological and chemical changes, some metabolic alterations parameters have been evaluated like photosynthetic pigment contents, total carbohydrate content, total soluble protein, total protein, total free amino acid, proline induction, total phenolics, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid content in healthy and infected lupine plants. Results showed a great variation in all the biochemical categories in Lupinus albus infected with bean yellow mosaic virus as compared to healthy plants. Chlorophyll a of virus inoculated Lupinus albus decreased to 27%, whereas Chlorophyll b content decreased to 19.5% and carbohydrate content decreased to 36% when compared to healthy control plant corresponding values. Results also showed many metabolic changes in virus infected Lupine plants. The effect of virus infection on the induction of plant growth regulators like abscisic acid was determined, as well as the relationship between abscisic acid activation, accumulation of the virus, and symptoms development was discussed, and the effect of abscisic acid inhibitor application on virus infection and Lupine primary and secondary metabolism was elucidated, as this effect is a neglected field of research.

Coat protein and movement protein based characterization of Lima bean yellow mosaic virus disease in Karnataka (India)

Yellow mosaic disease caused by a Begomovirus has become an important production constraint in lima bean cultivation in Karnataka. The begomovirus causes Lima bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (LYMV), was characterized by sequencing the CP and MP genes. Distinct viral gene specific PCR product corresponding to CP and MP gene ~1000 bp and ~900 bp was obtained. The PCR product were sequenced and compared with the reference Begomoviruses sequences from the NCBI blast database. LYMV (GKVK isolate) shared highest nucleotide identity (98%) with Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV) of French bean isolate (Accession No. AM932425.1). Phylogenetic analysis of CP and MP gene sequences of LYMV-GKVK isolate showed that LYMV-GKVK clustered with isolates of HgYMV Horsegram and French bean isolates of Tamil Nadu, Srilanka, Karnataka. Based on Nucleotide Identity begomovirus infecting lima bean at Bangalore is to be considered as strain of HgYMV. The disease was also successfully transmitted to French bean and Horsegram when experimentally transmitted using whitefly vector. Therefore, the begomovirus causing yellow mosaic disease of lima bean is considered as strain of HgYMV. Lima bean is infected by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) according to earlier reports whereas our study the reports the infection of HgYMV on Lima bean from Karnataka. Thus it is concluded that Lima bean is infected by both MYMIV and HgYMV in different geographical locations.

Observation of Mitotic and Cytological Effects Induced by Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Affecting Leguminous Plants

Observation of Mitotic and Cytological Effects Induced by Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus in Affecting Leguminous Plants