Bean Vicia Faba Research Articles

In vitro and in silico interaction of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed extract with xanthine oxidase and evaluation of antioxidant activity as a therapeutic potential

Acetone extract of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was found to be highest total phenol and flavonoid content among all extracts. Antioxidant activity for inhibition percentage (free radical scavenging activity) had 86.47% for acetone extract, and 97.36% for ascorbic acid respectively. IC50 value of ascorbic acid and acetone extact were found to be 9 μg/mL ± 0.20 and 30 μg/mL ± 0.21. Faba bean seeds had catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid and ellagic acid which on molecular docking study revealed that it binds effectively with xanthine oxidase by binding energy of –7.78, –6.11, –6.39, –5.78 kcal/mol respectively compared to allopurinol drug having binding energy of –4.94 kcal/mol. Gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin (polyphenols) and allopurinol bind other than catalytic residues (Glu-1261) of xanthine oxidase. In vitro and in silico analysis recommended that mode of enzyme inhibition was mixed type.

Occurence of beet western yellows virus on squash and broad bean in Turkey

Vegetable crops species from areas of Turkey where beet western yellows virus (BWYV), genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae was previously detected in pepper were surveyed for poleroviruses. Leaf samples were tested by DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR with degenerate primers for poleroviruses, and sequencing. Blast analysis of sequenced PCR amplicons revealed the presence of BWYV in broad bean (Vicia faba) and squash (Cucurbita pepo). These are new records of this virus on these two species in Turkey.

Genetic diversity study of Ethiopian Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties based on phenotypic traits and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the earliest domesticated food legumes of the world. This study was designed to reveal the genetic diversity existing among 32 Ethiopian faba bean varieties grown at three locations (Sinana, Agarfa and Selka) using 23 phenotypic traits and 11 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. The combined analysis of variance across the three locations showed highly significant (p<0.05) variations among the varieties for many of the traits. The un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean of phenotypic traits revealed five major clusters. Eleven ISSR primers amplified 120 bands, of which 107 loci were polymorphic. Primer 860 recorded the highest gene diversity (0.38) and Shannon index (0.56), while primer 848 and 857 exhibited the least gene diversity (0.18). Un-weighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) of ISSR primers data grouped the cultivars into three major clusters based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranging from 0.41 to 0.77. The principal coordinated analysis also categorized the varieties into three different groups similar to that of cluster analysis. The genetic variation in these cultivars suggests their potential use in faba bean breeding programs via introgression with other germplasm resources for faba bean improvement. Key words: Vicia faba, genetic diversity, phenotypic traits, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR).

Antipredator response of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae): effects of predation risks from an alternative patch on a current patch

To escape from predators, herbivorous prey could leave their current patch and relocate to an alternative patch. However, when other predators are present on the new patch, prey are again exposed to predation risk. Thus, patch leaving might be affected by the other predators. We studied patch leaving of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in response to ladybird larvae Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on broad bean Vicia faba L. shoots that were offered as patches for aphids. We tested whether shoot leaving was affected by the presence of predators on alternative shoots under laboratory conditions. Odors from alternative shoots were evaluated as possible cues used by aphids to assess predation risk on the shoots. We exposed aphids to odors from alternative shoots with conspecifics plus either adult or larval ladybirds or larval green lacewings Mallada desjardinsi Navas (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Shoot leaving was reduced only when adult ladybirds were present on the alternative shoots compared with controls (i.e., no predators on the alternative shoots). Odors of both adult ladybirds and of conspecifics being attacked by ladybird larvae were required for reduced leaving. Hence, predation risks on current and alternative patches might affect the antipredator responses of aphids.

Effect of plant extraction (Hibiscus, black grain and Fenugreek) on growth and yield of bean (Viacia faba L.)

This study was conducted at Experimental researches Unit " ALL – Bender location" Department of Plant Production during 2016-2017 growing season. The experiment included studying the effect the foliar application of Plant extraction ( T1 control with distill water , T2 Fenugreek extraction 5g L-1 and T3 10g L-1 , T4 black grain extraction 5g L-1 and T5 10g L-1 , T6 Hibscus extraction 5g L-1 and T7 10g L-1 treatment on bean Vicia faba L. cv. Local . Randomized Completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) were used with three replicates. The means were compared according to L.S.D test at the level 0.05.&#x0D; The results showed the superiority of Hibscus extraction (10 g/ L) in plant height , leaf area , fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth , flowers setting % , number and weight of pods , fresh and dry weight of seeds per plant reached ( 43.58cm, 41.12Dcm2, 192.54g, 77.04g, 57.45%, 36.02pod, 534.43g, 280.78g and 104.08g) respectively, 5g.L-1 of Hibiscus extraction treatment was significantly creased the number of seeds reached130.32seeds.plant-1 .

Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in the Grain of Selected Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Genotypes

Soon-Jae Kwon, Dong-Gun Kim, Jung Min Kim, Kyung-Yun Kang, Min-Kyu Lee, Min Jeong Hong, Jin-Baek Kim, Seok Hyun Eom, Si-Yong Kang, Bo-Keun Ha, and Jaihyunk Ryu. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology 2018;6:65-73. https://doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2018.6.1.65

Evaluation of Faba Bean Varieties against Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae Sard) Disease at Farta, South Gondar, Ethiopia

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important food legume crop in Ethiopia, and its production and productivity are decreased by biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, chocolate spot disease is the major and the most destructive disease in faba bean-growing areas. A field experiment was conducted at Farta to evaluate the genetic variation of faba bean varieties to chocolate spot, and for yield and yield components during the 2014 and 2015 main cropping seasons. A total of 13 improved faba bean varieties and one local check were sowed in three replications using a randomized complete block design. The chocolate spot disease incidence and severity were taken four times in 10-day intervals. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) among faba bean varieties on disease incidence and severity. The disease incidence was lower on varieties Obse and Moti. The severity of chocolate spot was lower on varieties Obse, Tumsa, and Degaga. Varieties Obse, Degaga, and Tumsa significantly reduced the severity of chocolate spot disease by 8.89, 6.85, and 5.91%, respectively, over Bulga 70 and Adet-Hana. Varieties Obse, Degaga, and Tumsa significantly reduced the AUDPC of chocolate spot disease by the amount of 229.63, 214.81, and 187.96% over variety Bulga 70, respectively. The highest yield (t/ha) was obtained from variety Degaga (1.55) and Tumsa (1.30). Thus, to conclude and recommend that variety Degaga and Tumsa are moderately tolerant or less susceptible to chocolate spot disease than other varieties with a better yield.

Feeding deterrent effects of legume flours against two storage mites, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and Suidasia medanensis Oudemans (Acari:Acaridida)

Whole legume flour and its fractions possess a potential in controlling insect pests. Information concerning the activity of various legume flours as bioacaricides against storage mites is rare. Therefore, two kinds of legume flours were obtained from common faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds to evaluate their effects on growth and development time of two species of storage mites, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and Suidasia medanensis Oudemans via feeding test. The diet was dusted with legume flours at seven concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%). After 21 days, the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) and mortality of both mite species were estimated. There was a significant decrease in (ri) values of both mite populations at concentrations higher than 0.1% of both legume flours. The concentration of 1% faba bean or pea flour was responsible for 100% mortality of T. putrescentiae and S. medanensis. Based on the LD50 and LD90values, pea flour was more toxic to T. putrescentiae and S. medanensis than faba bean flour. Moreover, T. putrescentiae was more sensitive than S. medanensis to legume flours. Development time of the two studied species was considerably prolonged by the addition of bean and pea flours. All tests were conducted under the optimal development conditions of storage mites. The results proved that both faba bean and pea flours possess potent acaricidal activity.

Evaluation of the Concentration of Nutrients in the Seeds of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L. major) and PEA (Pisum sativum L.) Depending on Habitat Conditions

Evaluation of the Concentration of Nutrients in the Seeds of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L. major) and PEA (Pisum sativum L.) Depending on Habitat Conditions

On-farm evaluation of the effects of crop rotation system on bread wheat in Bale highlands, south-eastern Ethiopia

A crop rotation experiment was initiated at Sinana on-farm and Adaba locations in 2001. At both locations, the precursor crops used were food barley ( Hordeum vulgare ), faba bean ( Vicia faba ), field pea ( Pisum sativum ) and lin seed ( Linum usitatissimum ). Fertilizer levels used, were 0-0, 9-23 and 41-46 kg N-P 2 O 5 ha -1 . The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications in factorial arrangement and it was conducted during the period from 2001 to 2010. Combined analysis of the results generated at each location during the period showed that rotation had a significant effect on wheat grain yield and most yield components of wheat both at Sinana and Adaba. At both locations, rotation with faba bean had a marked effect on the grain yield of wheat (4887.40 kg ha -1 ) and (3624.80 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. The next highest grain yield was recorded, wheat rotation with field pea at both locations. The lowest wheat grain yield was recorded, wheat rotation with barley (3945.00 kg ha -1 ) and (2355.90 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. Fertilizer rate had significant effect on most yield and yield components of Wheat at both locations. The highest fertilizer rate (41-46 kg N-P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) recorded the highest grain yield (4689.5 kg ha -1 ) and (3397.1 kg ha -1 ) at Sinana and Adaba, respectively. The lowest grain yield was recorded from control plots. In general, from this long-term on-farm rotation trial it is possible to conclude that faba bean and field pea are beneficial break crops in Bale highlands to alleviate wheat production constraints arising due to continuous cereal mono-cropping systems.

Effect of Integrated Crop- Management Packages on Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars in Southern Ethiopia

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important pulse crops grown by farmers in Hula Woreda, southern Ethiopia. However, the actual farm yield of 1.2-1.6 t ha-1 is much lower than the potential yield, which is 1.5-3.5 t ha-1 on farmers’ fields under improved management and 2-5 t ha-1 in research station. This lower yield is due to poor management of the crop including lack of proper weed control, planting methods and fertilizer application. Hence, a field trial was conducted in Hula Woreda, during 2011 cropping season to determine the effect of integrated crop-management packages on yield and yield components of Gebelcho and local faba bean varieties. Varieties were factorially combined with nine management packages in RCBD design with three replications. Varieties were significantly different for days to flowering, days to maturity, leaf area index, nodule number, nodule dry weight, crop biomass, grain yield and yield components. Variety Gebelcho exceeded the local variety by 11% for leaf area index, 14% for nodule number, 21% for nodule dry weight, 7% for crop biomass, and 24% for grain yield. Gebelcho also gave more number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and 100 seed weight than local variety. Varieties did not differ significantly for crop stand count, plant height, weed count and weed biomass. Management packages differed significantly for crop growth attributes, weed count, weed biomass, grain yield and yield components. More number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight and grain yield were obtained from the improved (package 1) than control (package 9). Economic analysis showed that, Gebelcho (improved cultivar) and package 1 (row planting, twice weeding and application of 100 kg DAP ha-1) gave higher net benefits of Birr 12400 and 12715 ha-1 with 980% and 109% marginal rates of return, respectively, and these were identified to be the best options.

Acquisition of desiccation tolerance in faba bean (Vicia Faba) as affected by maturity stages, harvested organ type, and drying method

Acquisition of desiccation tolerance in faba bean (Vicia Faba) as affected by maturity stages, harvested organ type, and drying method

ISSR markers of some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes in relation to phenylalanine accumulation

ISSR markers of some faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes in relation to phenylalanine accumulation

Effect of Cd stress on the bioavailability of Cd and other mineral nutrition elements in broad bean grown in a loess subsoil amended with municipal sludge compost.

Municipal sludge compost (MSC) is commonly used as fertilizer or an amendment in barren soils. However, MSC-borne Cd is of great concern in food safety because of its toxicity. Loess subsoil (LS) is barren and lacks nutrients, but it has a strong ability to absorb and stabilize heavy metals. Hence, LS may be amended with MSC and may reduce the bioavailability of Cd. To simulate the dose effect of the accumulated MSC-borne Cd in amended LS, pot experiments were conducted to study the bioavailability of Cd and other mineral nutrition elements in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) under Cd stress. Plant height and dry biomass remarkably increased as the physicochemical properties of LS were significantly improved; however, they were not significantly influenced by the added Cd. The Cd in the plants grown in MSC amended-LS (P2) mainly accumulated in roots (32.12mgkg-1) and then in stems and leaves (6.00mgkg-1). Less Cd (0.74mgkg-1) accumulated in the edible parts, where the Cd concentration was 53% lower than that in the edible parts of plants grown in LS (P1). The decreased Cd concentrations in the P2 beans may be due to the biomass dilution effect. Notably, the Cd concentrations in the beans exceeded the national safety limit value (0.2mgkg-1) when the Cd treatment levels exceeded 2mgkg-1 in LS and 6mgkg-1 in amended LS. The MgCl2 extraction procedures can be used to assess Cd bioavailability in amended soil-plant systems. The potential antagonism of Zn and Cu against Cd toxicity in the soil-plant system may explain why this plant can tolerate higher Cd concentrations after MSC application.

Evaluation of Semiochemical-Baited Traps for Monitoring the Pea Leaf Weevil, Sitona lineatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Field Pea Crops.

The pea leaf weevil (PLW), Sitona lineatus L., is a pest of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) that recently invaded the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Although most damage is done by larvae that feed on root nodules, adults are easier to monitor than larvae. Both male and female weevils respond to a male-produced aggregation pheromone and to volatiles released by host plants. The current study tests the attractiveness of synthetic aggregation pheromone, 4-methyl-3,5-heptanedione, and host plant volatiles linalool, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate to PLWs in spring when weevils are reproductively active and in fall when weevils seek overwintering sites. Different combinations of semiochemical lures at various doses, released from a variety of devices were tested in pitfall traps. Semiochemical-baited traps captured both male and female weevils in both seasons but the sex ratio varied with season. Weevils did not respond in a dose-dependent manner to pheromone, as all pheromone lures were equally attractive. Pheromone release rate was determined by the release device and not the pheromone dose in the lure. The addition of plant volatiles sometimes increased weevil captures but plant volatiles alone were not attractive to PLW adults. An additional study tested the effect of trap type on weevil capture. Of the 12 different trap types tested, pheromone-baited pitfall traps were most successful in attracting and retaining weevils. Bycatch of other Sitona species was limited to a few specimens of the sweet clover weevil, Sitona cylindricollis Fahraeus.

Effect of different weed management practices on growth, yield and yield components of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in Bale highland conditions, Southeastern Ethiopia

Weed is the major production constraints for Faba bean production in Bale Highlands. Its management is quite important to increase the production and productivity of the crop. Due to such gaps, The experiment was conducted at two locations: Sinana (on-station and on farmers field) during 2015 and 2016 “ Bona ” main cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of hoeing plus hand weeding frequencies on the yield of faba bean. The treatments consisted of eleven weed management options: weedy check, Hand weeding at 25-30 days after emergence (DAE) and then at 40-45 DAE, Hoeing at 7 DAE + hand weeding at 25-30 and then 40-45 DAE, Hoeing at 7 DAE + hand weeding at 25-30 DAE, Hoeing at 7 DAE + hand weeding at 40-45 DAE, Hoeing at 14 DAE + hand weeding at 25-30 DAE and then at 40-45 DAE, Hoeing at 14 DAE + hand weeding at 25-30 DAE, Hoeing at 14 DAE + hand weeding at 40-45 DAE, Hoeing at 21 DAE + hand weeding at 40-45 DAE, Hoeing at 28 DAE + hand weeding at 40-45 DAE, Weed removal at 50% pod setting stage. It was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results indicate that Faba bean plant was flowered and matured early when infested with weeds as compared to well weed controlled treatments at both sites. The growth and yield attributes of Faba bean were significantly reduced when the crop was left unweeded. The result also showed there was 41% and 35% yield reduction were occurred due to total weed infestation of Faba bean as compared to the recommended two times hand weeding at on-station and on-farm respectively. Hoeing at 7 DAE plus twice hand weeding gave a yield advantage of 51% and 17% as compared to weedy check and the recommended two times hand weeding at on-station. There was 51% and 41% yield penalty while farmers remove weed at 50% pod setting stage for the purpose of feeding their livestock as compared to hoeing at 7 DAE plus twice hand weeding and the recommended two times hand weeding at on-station. Similarly, there was a yield loss of 17% while weed removal at 50% pod setting stage as compared to the recommended two times hand weeding and hoeing at 28 DAE plus once hand weeding at 40-45 DAE at on-farm. Thus, it was concluded that the use of weed management options as of hoeing at 7 DAE plus hand weeding at 25-30 DAE was more economically profitable and has an acceptable marginal rate of return at both locations.

Germination of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) for organic weaning piglets

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) contain anti-nutritive compounds that can reduce digestibility and palatability. Germination has been reported to reduce some of those components. The effect of including germinated faba beans in their feed was tested on 160 weaner pigs that were assigned to one of four diets containing either 19% peas (RP19), 16% raw faba beans (RFB16), 16% germinated faba beans (GFB16) or 24% germinated faba beans (GFB24). Crude protein was slightly higher in germinated as compared to raw beans. Most of the essential amino acids decreased due to germination, their contents relative to lysine remained the same. There were no significant differences in live weight on days 8, 15 and 22. At the end of the trial (day 29), live weight of GFB24 was significantly reduced when compared to RP19 and RFB16, but not to GFB16. In week 4, daily weight gain of GFB24 was significantly lower than of all other treatments. There were no significant differences in feed intake between the treatments. It was possible to feed germinated faba bean in amounts up to 240 g kg FM−1 without a reduction in feed intake or a higher incidence of diarrhoea, although live weight and daily weight gain were reduced. Under the circumstances of this study and considering the effort related to the process, germination cannot be recommended as a method to improve the nutritive value and acceptance of faba beans for feeding of weaner pigs.

Study of plant parasitic nematodes associated with faba bean in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran

Root and soil samples were collected and examined from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) fields in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Seven nematode species were identified as follows: Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus medicaginis, Geocenamus bavaricus, Geocenamus brevidens, Geocenamus nanus, Geocenamus nothus and Hoplolaimus seinhorsti. Morphometrics and light micrography were provided for the studied species and their differences with those given in their original descriptions were discussed. Populations varied in their frequency and distribution among surveyed faba bean fields but G. brevidens was the most commonly observed species. This is new record of D. dipsaci, D. medicaginis, G. bavaricus, G. nanus and G. nothus for nematodes fauna in Khuzestan province. G. bavaricus, G. nanus, G. nothus and H. seinhorsti are reported for the first time in association with faba bean in Iran. This is the first report of G. brevidens and G. nanus from roots of faba bean.

Studies on the Activities of Honey Bee Colonies under Environmental Circumstances in BeniSweif Governorate-Egypt.

Environmental Circumstances is playing an important role in honey bee activities. This study at apiary of the Agriculture Research Sids Station, BeniSweif Governorate middle Egypt, during the 2016seasons. Which that the from broad bean(Vicia faba), citrus (Citrus spp.), clover (Trifolium alexandrinum)and maize (Zea mays) pollen trapped grain were collected from the hives by using traps put on the entrance of honeybee colonies. The average values of the recorded temperatures ranged from 8.9 to 28.1°C and the averages of the recorded relative humidity values ranged from 48.9 to 79.70 % all over the years of study. There was a significant correlation between temperature or relative humidity and collecting pollen amount. Correlation coefficients were - 0.16 & -0.18 in broad bean pollen, - 0.07 & 0.07 in citrus pollen, 0.36 & -0.25 in clover pollen and -0.76 & -0.07 in maize pollen. On other hand the amount of pollen gathering fluctuating from plant source and date of collecting, and it's obvious that study conditions. On the other hand obvious that there is a significant effect of pollen trapping on the brood rearing activity which recorded 67.08 % reduction of brood activity in colony in Broad bean pollen season , 45.03 % in citrus pollen season, 43.30 % in clover pollen season and 17.68 % in maize pollen season. In the end we can conclusion the environmental ecology is important playing in different activity of honeybee colonies.

The effect of various sapropel concentrations on content and fluorescence of photosynthetic pigments of bean

Tarosiskio lake sapropel impact on beans (Vicia faba L.) photosynthesis parameters (content of chlorophylls and chlorophyll a fluorescence) was investigated in this study. Plants were sown in 1 L volume pots by 5 seeds with light loamy soil and grown in growth chambers. Considering sapropel composition, 2.2; 3.1 and 4 t/ha dry sapropel concentrations were chosen for investigation. Sapropel affected plants were compared with plants grown in unfertilised and with synthetic fertiliser fertilised soils. On 14th day of experiment, when the plants reached two leaves growths stage (BBCH 12), chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of investigated plants were measured. Then plants were grown for 4 weeks more and at stem elongation stage (BBCH 31) chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were measured repeatedly and also the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids were investigated. The efficiency II photosystem of bean increased by increasing sapropel concentration in soil, but insignificantly (p>0.05). Photosynthesis performance index was increasing (r=0.91; p 0.05). At BBCH 12 stage the highest non photochemical quenching (NPQ) value was measured in control beans, while at BBCH 31 stage, opposite trend was noticed (r=0.86; p 0.05), and the changes in carotenoid contents were similar to chlorophyll a+b.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.72.4.16585