Traits Of Bean Research Articles

Domestication of azuki bean and soybean in Japan: From the insight of archeological and molecular evidence.

Domestication of azuki bean and soybean has enabled them to acquire non-dormant seeds, non-shattering pods, and larger seed size. Seed remains of the Jomon period recently discovered at archeological sites in the Central Highlands of Japan (6,000-4,000 BP) suggest that the use of azuki bean and soybean and their increase in seed size began earlier in Japan than in China and Korea; molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that azuki bean and soybean originated in Japan. Recent identification of domestication genes indicate that the domestication traits of azuki bean and soybean were established by different mechanisms. Analyses of domestication related genes using DNA extracted from the seed remains would reveal further details about their domestication processes.

Meta-QTL Analysis for Yield Components in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Common bean is one of the most important legumes produced and consumed worldwide because it is a highly valuable food for the human diet. However, its production is mainly carried out by small farmers, who obtain average grain yields below the potential yield of the species. In this sense, numerous mapping studies have been conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield components in common bean. Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis is a useful approach to combine data sets and for creating consensus positions for the QTL detected in independent studies. Consequently, the objective of this study was to perform a MQTL analysis to identify the most reliable and stable genomic regions associated with yield-related traits of common bean. A total of 667 QTL associated with yield-related traits reported in 21 different studies were collected. A total of 42 MQTL associated with yield-related traits were identified, in which the average confidence interval (CI) of the MQTL was 3.41 times lower than the CIs of the original QTL. Most of the MQTL (28) identified in this study contain QTL associated with yield and phenological traits; therefore, these MQTL can be useful in common bean breeding programs. Finally, a total of 18 candidate genes were identified and associated with grain yield within these MQTL, with functions related to ubiquitin ligase complex, response to auxin, and translation elongation factor activity.

Soil and Foliar Applications of Wood Distillate Differently Affect Soil Properties and Field Bean Traits in Preliminary Field Tests

Natural products such as wood distillate (WD) are promising alternatives to xenobiotic products in conventional agriculture and are necessary in organic farming. A field study gave insight into the effectiveness of WD applied as foliar spray (F-WD), soil irrigation (S-WD), and their combination as growth promoters for field beans. The soil fertility and quality parameters, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and resource partitioning within plants were evaluated. In a pot trial, we tested the effect of S-WD on root nodule initiation and growth. S-WD increased DOC and microbial biomass by approximately 10%, prompted enzyme activities, and increased nitrate and available phosphorus in soil, without affecting the number and growth of nodules in field beans. In contrast, the F-WD slightly reduced the DOC, exerted a lower stimulation on soil enzymes, and lowered the soil effect in the combined distribution. In field beans, the F-WD reduced the stem height but increased the number of pods per stem; S-WD increased the N and P concentrations of leaves and the N concentration of the pods. Moreover, all WD treatments retarded plant senescence. The WD revealed itself to be promising as a growth promoter for grain legumes, but further research is needed to understand the interference between the combined soil and foliar applications.

Large genomic introgression blocks of Phaseolus parvifolius Freytag bean into the common bean enhance the crossability between tepary and common beans.

The production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one of the most important sources of protein and minerals and one of the most consumed grain legumes globally, is highly affected by heat and drought constraints. In contrast, the tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), a common bean-related species, is adapted to hot and dry climates. Hybridization to introduce complex traits from the tepary bean into the common bean has been challenging, as embryo rescue is required. In this study, we report three novel interspecific lines that were obtained by crossing lines from prior common bean × tepary bean hybridization with Phaseolus parvifolius Freytag in order to increase the male gametic diversity to facilitate interspecific crosses. These interspecific lines enhanced the crossability of the common bean and tepary bean species while avoiding the embryo rescue process. Crossing these three interspecific lines with tepary beans resulted in 12-fold more hybrid plants than crossing traditional common beans with tepary beans. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of these three interspecific lines shows large introgressions of genomic regions corresponding to P. parvifolius on chromosomes that presumably contribute to reproductive barriers between both species. The development of these lines opens up the possibility of increasing the introgression of desirable tepary bean traits into the common bean to address constraints driven by climate change.

Salinity Stress and the Influence of Bioinoculants on the Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an economically important crop cultivated globally for fulfilling human requirements. However, the productivity of the faba bean has declined due to poor management of soil, particularly under salt stress. Salt stress is a major constraint to crop productivity worldwide. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to check the behavior of faba bean genotypes on the basis of morphological and biochemical traits in response to salinity. In this study, we studied seven different treatments (including control) applied to faba bean under salt stress. Bioinoculants such as Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas flourescens, Glomus mosseae, and Gigaspora gigantean, each separately and in combination, were tested for their efficacy under salinity stress. Data recorded on days to flowering (48.92 ± 1.15), days to maturity (144.56 ± 1.95), plant height (141.93 ± 4.81 cm), number of branches per plant (4.87 ± 0.09), number of clusters per plant (18.88 ± 0.24), number of pods per plant (48.33 ± 1.06), pod length (5.31 ± 0.02 cm), catalase (222.10 ± 2.76 mg), hydrogen peroxide (24 ± 4.58 mol/g), malondialdehyde (45 ± 1.00 mol/g), electrolyte leakage (54.67 ± 5.03), chlorophyll (51.67 ± 3.06 mg/g), proline content (2.96 ± 0.12 mg/g), and on other parameters indicated the combined inoculation of all the species (consortium) was taken to be highly effective even under salt stress. Overall, the consortium treatment comprising all of the bioinoculants was observed to be the most efficient treatment in improving all the morphological and biochemical traits of faba bean under salt stress. Although, other treatments also demonstrated considerable effects on faba bean as compared to one without bioinoculants under salt stress.

Use of two hybrid algorithms in the investigation and prediction of the values of five quantitative traits of guar beans in different deficit irrigation methods

Nowadays, deficit irrigation is of particular importance in areas facing the water shortage and drought. This study focused on the investigation and prediction of the values of five quantitative traits of guar beans under different deficit irrigation methods. Deficit irrigation methods were carried out at the initial, development, mid, and late plant growth stages. The experiment was carried out in 25 treatments each with four replications in 2018 and 2019. Initially, the values of five quantitative traits of guar beans were divided into three categories, the values of which were clustered using the K-means algorithm. Then, clusters were predicted using a combination of K-means and CART algorithms. Finally, the relationship between different deficit irrigation methods and clusters was investigated by a combination of K-means and Apriori algorithms. The results of two hybrid algorithms determined that the amount of irrigation in the mid-stage of plant growth significantly affected the five quantitative traits of guar beans. After the mid-stage of the plant growth, the amount of irrigation in the development, initial, and late growth stages had the greatest effect on the quantitative traits of guar beans. Among the deficit irrigation methods, irrigation rates of 60% in the primary stage, 80% in the development stage, 100% in the mid-stage, and 40% in the late stage of the plant growth were the best deficit irrigation methods in the four stages of growth.

The effect of priming on physiological and biochemical traits of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under cobalt chloride stress

The effect of priming on physiological and biochemical traits of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under cobalt chloride stress

Farmers’ Perceptions on Drought, Low Soil Fertility, Coping Strategies and Preferred Traits of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Balaka District of Malawi

Background: Bean is an important nutritious food and cash crop. Bean productivity is low mostly due to various abiotic, biotic and socio-economic constraints. The aims of this study were to assess constraints to high bean seed yield productivity, determine farmers’ perceptions on drought and low soil fertility, strategies farmers are practicing to adapt to the constraints and preferred bean traits. Methods: A Participatory rural appraisal approach was applied by administering a questionnaire to 139 household representatives from Bazale, Phalula and Utale areas in 2017. Result: Farmers (68.4%) cultivated beans under irrigation in winter (dry) season and most of them practiced sole cropping. Constraints to high bean seed yield productivity include drought and low soil fertility (31.7%) and deforestation (81.3%) contributed a lot. Farmers (44.6%) implemented afforestation, 32.4% grew early maturing bean varieties, while 20.9% practiced conservation agriculture. Farmers were not involved in variety development as indicated by 91.4% of the respondents. However, farmers preferred determinate plant type (95.7%), creamy taste (61.2%) and high number of pods per plant (47.4%). These farmers’ preferred traits need to be considered in the ongoing bean improvement program(s) to increase adoption rate of improved varieties.

Radiosensitivity of seedling traits to varying gamma doses, optimum dose determination and variation in determined doses due to different time of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation in faba bean genotypes

Purpose Three experiments were conducted to assess the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on various seedling traits; determine the optimum doses of gamma radiation for different faba bean genotypes; find out the variation in optimum doses with respect to the different times of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation. Materials and methods Five faba bean genotypes viz., L-2013-060, L-2013-092, Anandnagar Local, Gazipur Local and Bangla Gangachar were used in these experiments. In Experiment I, seeds of five experimental genotypes were exposed to different doses (100 Gy 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy, 600 Gy, 700 Gy and 800 Gy) of gamma radiation and were sown immediately after irradiation. In Experiment II, seeds of Bangla Gangachar and L-2013-060 were exposed to varying doses (100–800 Gy) of gamma radiation and were sown at seven sowings starting from 0 h to 24 h at 4-h intervals after irradiation. In Experiment III, L-2013-092 genotypes was exposed to different doses (100 –800 Gy) of gamma radiation with two different methods of irradiation. Results In Experiment I, the lethal dose 50 (LD50) values have arrived at 140 Gy, 669 Gy, 575 Gy, 386 Gy and 158 Gy for L-2013-060, L-2013-092, Anandnagar Local, Gazipur Local and Bangla Gangachar, respectively. The growth reduction 50 (GR50) doses for different seedling traits ranged from 130 Gy to 320 Gy for L-2013-060, 250 Gy to 480 Gy for L-2013-092, 130 Gy to 370 Gy for Anandnagar Local, 200 Gy to 350 Gy for Gazipur Local and 250 Gy to 400 Gy for Bangla Gangachar. In Experiment II, the values for LD50 of the genotypes Bangla Gangachar and L-2013-060 were significantly singular for different time intervals of sowing. The values of GR50 for most of the seedling traits were found to increase with the delay in sowing after irradiation from 4 to 24 h when compared with the immediately sown seed lots. In Experiment III, LD50 for L-2013-092 was 337 Gy with Method 1 and 669 Gy with Method 2. In Method 1, most of the growth parameters attained GR50 doses lower than Method 2. The first method was found to increase the radiosensitivity of L-2013-092. Conclusion Every experimental genotype used in these three experiments showed dose-dependent retardation of different seedling traits. These optimized doses may be employed to establish mutant populations for exploiting the novel traits of faba bean. The time of sowing after irradiation and method of irradiation was found to be essential for confirming optimum doses.

Impact of planting dates on yield and pod quality traits of snap bean under short-temperate season climates

Snap bean, a warm-season crop, have low frost tolerance. The optimal temperature for seed emergence and plant growth is important. Therefore, appropriate planting dates for adapted varieties has paramount significance in improving pod yield and quality of snap bean under short cool season climates. Three snap bean cultivars planted at 3 different dates were examined to evaluate the effects of planting dates on snap bean pod yield and quality traits in a 2-year study in a short season climate in Manitoba, Canada. Results of this study showed that three, two weeks apart, planting dates had a non- significant effect on marketing yield of three different cultivars tested in this study. Planting dates showed significant effect on un-marketable yield, pod fresh weight, pod length and total soluble solids. Higher marketable and un-marketable yields along with longer pod length and soluble solids, in all three cultivars, were more profound when seeded at mid and late planting dates. Snap bean grew under higher temperature and accumulated more growing degree days (GDD) when planted in mid June and early July when compared to early June planting. These results conclude that marketable yields of snap bean were not significantly affected by planting dates when seeded-two weeks apart-in shorter growing environments which allow commercial and market gardeners, in northern areas with shorter growing seasons to optimise planting snap bean, without reducing pod yield and quality.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses of Yield in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important commodity tree crop which produces the cocoa bean, a major source of income for most West African countries and many smallholder farmers. Declining yield of cacao is a major limitation to cocoa production in Nigeria. This study aimed at determining the correlations of the phenotypic traits that were related in the yield of the cacao genotypes. Nine cacao hybrids produced from some high-yielding parents in the research farm of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria were evaluated from 2012 through 2017 in Owena (7°11’ N, 5°1’ E), Ondo state, Nigeria. Character Correlations and Path Coefficient Analysis were used in the description of the performance of the genotypes. The study concluded that significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations existed among many of the pairs of the fruit and bean characters with one another and with pod index, suggesting a complex contribution of these characters either positively or negatively to growth and yield in cacao, and that fruit and bean traits are determinants of yield in cacao.

Evaluation of Adaptability of Different Faba Bean Landraces under Mediterranean Field Conditions of Central-Northern Algeria

The Multi-Trait selection index (MTSI) has been used to select highly productive and stable faba bean landraces across various traits. Fifteen productive, morphological, and phenological traits with desired and undesired selection gains (SGs) were evaluated in fifteen faba bean landraces under Mediterranean field conditions between 2019–2021. According to our results, most of the faba bean traits are influenced by the genotype × environment interaction (GEI) effects. Banner length (BL), seed yield (SY), diameter (D), number of flowers per inflorescence (NFI), branch number (BRN), and 100 seed weight (HSW) were found to be highly influenced by the environment, the proportions of variance explained by environmental factors were arranged between 83.21% and 74.08%, and only seed number per pod (SNP) was the highest genotypic effect (54.02%). According to the MTSI index, only three landraces (Gaada Mascara (G4), Oued zentai (G13), and Khmakhem (G15)) were considered to be highly yield-productive and to have a broad adaptability across Mediterranean environments. When numerous traits were evaluated, the MTSI index provided a strong and powerful tool for developing improved selection techniques for Faba bean studies.

Agronomic Traits, Fresh Food Processing Characteristics and Sensory Quality of 26 Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Cultivars (Fabaceae) in China.

In recent years, with the expansion of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) planting areas and the increase of consumer demand, it has become imperative to screen high-quality mung bean cultivars. In this study, the agronomic traits, fresh bean characteristics, and sensory evaluation of boiled beans were analyzed for 26 mung bean cultivars. The results showed that the variation coefficient and genetic diversity index of six agronomic traits of mung bean ranged from 9.04% to 44.98%, 1.68 to 1.96, respectively, with abundant genetic variation, and the highest was the grain yield. Mung bean cultivars with higher grain yield had more advantage in the number of branches, number of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight. The fresh bean traits were relatively stable, with an average coefficient variation of 8.48%. The trait with the highest genetic diversity index was the number of seeds per pod (2.03). The cultivar with the highest total sensory evaluation score of boiled beans was Zhanglv 3 (75.67), which had more advantages in taste and color. Through the comprehensive evaluation of grey relational analysis, the cultivars suitable for fresh food processing were Zhonglv 3 (0.960), Jilv 11 (0.942), Zhonglv 1 (0.915), CES-78 (0.899) and Kelv 2 (0.896). Generally, the high-quality cultivars with higher yield and fresh food processing characteristics were CES-78, Kelv 2, Zhonglv 16, and Zhonglv 2. This study provided a preference for the breeding of fresh mung bean cultivars, development of new products and improvement of mung bean resource utilization.

A biochemical study on the growth traits of Vigna radiata (Green gram) influenced by Gunapaselam (Fermented Fish waste) - An approach to marine waste management

Effective methods are necessary to utilize the discarded waste from the fishery industry. The sustainable agriculture emphasizes the importance of recycling organic wastes to minimize the damages caused by mineral fertilizers and the sky-rocketing price of chemical fertilizers. A study was conducted to assess the fertilizing potential of fermented fish waste - Gunapaselam (GP) on the growth traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The study groups include Group I (water treatment/ without fertilizer), Group II (chemical fertilizer – NPKS (1:2:1:0.8)) and Group III (GP - 1:100 fold diluted). The performance of the crop was adjudged in terms of growth traits like germination percentage, trifoliate emergence rate, leaf area, number of branches and leaves, number of lateral roots, flowering time and developmental stages of nodules. Except for germination percentage, all the growth traits were significantly improved by GP treatment. GP improved the growth of green gram probably by providing the essential nutrients and enhancing their availability and effective absorption than the chemical fertilizers. The study also revealed that GP influences the beneficial soil microbes and makes the rhizosphere suitable to facilitate nodule formation. It can be concluded from the findings that GP has a pronounced effect on growth traits of Vigna radiata and it can replace chemical fertilizers in the future.

​​Effect of Different Doses of Panchgavya on Productivity of Moth Bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal

Background: The panchgavya, an liquid organic manure has the potential to play the role in promoting growth and providing immunity in the plant system, resulting in increased overall yields. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the fertilization effect of panchgavya on growth, yield and qualitative traits of moth bean in semi-arid environment. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan to study the effect of different levels of Panchgavya (2.5%, 5% and 7.5% each at 20 DAS (days after sowing), 35 DAS and 20 DAS + 35 DAS, respectively) on growth and yield of mothbean. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications comprising of 10 treatments. Result: Application of 5% Panchgavya at 20 DAS + 35 DAS in mothbean resulted in significantly higher grain yield and net return in comparison to control. Thus, the study recommended the correct concentration of Panchgavya (5%) for enhancing moth bean productivity in the Rajasthan and similar eco-regions elsewhere for nutritional security.

Effect of water deficit on morphoagronomic traits of black common bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with contrasting drought tolerance

AbstractBrazil is the world's largest producer of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Drought stress harms the morphological and agronomic traits of beans. This study evaluates the reaction to water deficit in five genotypes of black beans. The experiment was conducted in the IDR‐IAPAR‐EMATER in Londrina‐PR, Brazil. A split‐plot design was used, with three replications. The genotypes were included in the subplots and the treatments with or without water deficit in the plots. Water deficit was induced on the pre‐flowering stage and maintained for 20 days in the plots submitted to drought stress. For the growth analysis, plants were collected at 35, 54 and 70 days after emergence. At the stage of physiological ripeness, several morphological and yield traits were evaluated. The genotypes IPR Uirapuru and BRS Esplendor can be considered tolerant and used as a tolerant source to water deficit in common bean germplasm banks. The line LP 08‐90 has morphological and agronomic adaptations efficient to overcome water deficit's effects, presenting a higher grain yield in both crop conditions, which indicates the success of black beans breeding to deal with water deficit.

Genetic diversity and marker trait association for yield attributing traits in accessions of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) in India

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is a highly economically important crop worldwide and a particularly important source of protein and minerals for people in less developed countries. Improving yield is a vital objective to meet the increasing demand for food due to the expanding human population. The present study was undertaken to study the genetic architecture of agronomic traits of common bean in India, particularly in the north-western Himalayan region. Marker-trait association (MTA) analysis was performed in a population of 100 common bean accessions using polymorphic microsatellite markers.Population structure analysis based on SSR markers divided the accessions into three main subpopulations. Ten significant MTAs were found using general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) approaches. We found two markers i.e. BM142 and J04555 associated with 100 seed weight and pods per plant common in both the GLM and MLM approach markers. All the MTAs were considered as major MTAs contributing more than 25% phenotypic variation. The significant quantitative trait loci identified in this study could be used in marker-assisted breeding to accelerate the genetic improvement of yield and development of high yielding common beans lines.

Exogenously Applied Trehalose Augments Cadmium Stress Tolerance and Yield of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Grown in Soil and Hydroponic Systems through Reducing Cd Uptake and Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Defense Systems.

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious environmental issue causing a significant reduction in crop growth and productivity globally. Trehalose (Tre) has emerged as an important reducing sugar that can reduce the adverse impacts of different abiotic stresses. Therefore, the present investigation was performed to determine the key role of Tre in alleviating Cd stress in the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crop. The study was comprised of different treatments of cadmium (0, 10, 20 mg kg−1 soil) and Tre (0, 15 and 30 mM). Cd stress significantly restricted the growth and yield of mung bean. However, Tre supplementation markedly improved growth and yield due to pronounced reductions in Cd uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress as shown by the lower production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Cd-stressed plants as well as by the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, APX and AsA). Moreover, the ameliorative role of Tre to Cd toxicity was also demonstrated by its ability to enhance chlorophyll contents, total soluble protein (TSP) and free amino acids (FAA). Taken together, Tre supplementation played a key beneficial role in improving Cd stress tolerance and yield traits of mung bean through restricting Cd uptake and enhancing photosynthetic capacity, osmolytes biosynthesis and antioxidant activities.

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) OF FABA BEAN LANDRACES BASED ON YIELD-TRAITS AND PROTEIN SDS-PAGE

This investigation was carried out at Bahteem farm Genetic resources research department ,field crop research institute , Agricultural Research Center ,Giza , Egypt during two growing seasons 2018/19 and 2019/20. Twenty landraces with two faba bean check landraces were grown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications to determine the genetic variability, morphological diversity and relationships among these landraces for agro-morphological and biochemical characteristics. Analysis of variance revealed high variability among all measured genotypes with respect to all agronomic and protein characteristic studied traits. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was performed; the first principal component had 54.40% and 37.90% of the total variation (PC1) and the second principle component (PC2) explained 14.30% and 24.90% of the total variation for morphological and biochemical traits, respectively . The cumulative ratio of the first six primary components explained all variations of total variation. The studied faba bean landraces were distribution among PC biplot and clustered indicated distribution of studied material (matched with measured checks) by cluster or heat-map analysis. The results clustered or distributed differently based on morphological and biochemical traits. Then, GT biplot used to clear the relationship among the studied faba bean traits and landraces, showing that number of seeds and pods were the most positive effective traits in faba bean seed yield, causing highest harvest index. Results revealed that landrace G16 and G19 with the highest check Giza716 recorded the highest values of seed yield, number of seeds, number of pods and harvest index. GT biplot graph is a good preferred alternative procedure for each of correlation and cluster analyses and considered an effective technique beside or instead of cluster analysis for facility the interpretations. From all results, this work has provided useful data for elaboration of strategies for the conservation and sustainable management of the better genetic source germplasm and for Vicia faba improvement genetically.

Effect of gibberellin, nano-nutrition with titanium, zinc and iron on yield and some physiological and qualitative traits of white beans

Plant nutrition has a vital role in crop production. This study was performed to investigate the effects of different application methods of some nutrients (nano Fe, Zn, and Ti), and gibberellin on yield, some morphophysiological and grain protein of white beans in 2018 as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental factors included seed priming (hydropriming, gibberellin priming, titanium nano dioxide, and nano-Zn priming) and micronutrient foliar spraying (zinc, iron, and zinc + iron). The results illustrated that seed priming and foliar application significantly affected yield, yield components and chlorophyll content. Plant height increased in seed priming treatment with gibberellin and foliar application of zinc + iron by 13% compared to the control. Furthermore, this treatment enhanced the number of sub-branches per plant by 32% compared to the control. Grain yield components such as the number of pods per plant and 100-grain weight were also affected by seed priming with nano-Zn, and the simultaneous spraying of iron and zinc that grain yield by 18%, so that grain yield by 2649 kg ha–1 in hydropriming treatment reached to 3211 kg ha–1 in nano-Zn priming with simultaneous application of zinc and iron. Nano-Zn priming with iron foliar application caused the highest biological yield (9011 kg ha–1), which increased by 19% compared to control. Nano-Zn priming increased grain protein percentage by 21%. This treatment along with the foliar application of zinc + iron, significantly enhanced leaf chlorophyll content compared to other treatments. Therefore, to increase the yield of white beans, priming treatment with nano-Zn as well as foliar application of zinc + iron can be used.