Bean Processing Research Articles

Pectin of cacao pod husk, an efficient immunostimulant for white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

The disposal of cacao pod husk, a byproduct of cacao bean processing, can cause serious adverse environmental impacts, motivating scientist to explore and develop potential beneficial applications of this resource. Dried cacao pod husk was extracted with ethanol to obtain a 10.6% pectin of cacao pod husks (pCPH), and its effects on the immunocompetence of Litopenaeus vannamei were estimated. Measured variables included total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts, as well as phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency against Vibrio alginolyticus after receiving pCPH at 0, 1.5, 3, and 6 μg shrimp−1 for 0, 1, 3 and 7 days via injection, and their resistance to thermal stress and V. alginolyticus infection were further evaluated. No significant differences were observed in total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, and respiratory bursts in shrimp receiving pCPH at 1.5 μg shrimp−1 for 1 day; however, these variables were significantly elevated after 3 days of injection, compared to the control group. The significantly increased phenoloxidase activity was assessed in shrimp receiving pCPH at 1.5, 3 and 6 μg shrimp−1 within 3 days, and activity returned to the baseline after 7 days. Furthermore, the reduced phenoloxidase activity per granulocytes or respiratory bursts per haemocytes maintained homeostasis following the variation of haemogram. For gene expression assessments in haemocytes, the immune-related genes of the lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein, prophenoloxidase II and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor as well as innate immune signaling pathway-related genes of toll-like receptors 1 and 3 significantly increased after shrimp received pCPH for 1 day. The increases in phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency were only detected in shrimp receiving pCPH at 6 μg shrimp−1 within 7 days, compared to the control. There was no significant difference in the mortality ratio of shrimp against hyperthermal stress when they received pCPH for 1 day, and the significant higher resistance to hypothermal stress and V. alginolyticus infection were found in shrimp received pCPH at 6 μg shrimp−1 for 1 days than those in the other treatments. It is therefore found that pCPH triggers immune responses serving as an immunostimulant capable of enhancing resistance against V. alginolyticus and hypothermal stress.

Supply Chain Uncertainties of Small-Scale Coffee Husk-Biochar Production for Activated Carbon in Vietnam

Between 2014 and 2019, an innovative small-pyrolysis system (the PPV300) using agrowaste as feedstock was transferred and adapted from Switzerland to Vietnam by a United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) project. The coffee husk resulting from the processing of coffee beans is usually disposed of in Vietnam or burned inefficiently to dry coffee beans. Small-scale pyrolysis of coffee husk using the PPV300 avoids smoke emissions and local air pollution while providing an energy source for coffee drying and biochar as a by-product. This paper investigates the uncertainties in the “coffee husk to activated carbon” supply chain in Vietnam and discusses the pros and cons of different supply chain setups using a framework derived by Chopra and Meindl (2013). According to the analysis, a number of actors (an intermediary without previous direct involvement in the coffee supply chain, a coffee processor, or a hybrid between farm and processor), each with advantages and disadvantages, would be suitable from a supply chain perspective to attain an efficient strategy that would keep the price of the biochar low. However, in order to be attractive for one activated carbon producer, several PPV300 systems are needed to reach a significant economy of scale. Sufficient husk sourcing and storage capacity is also needed. If the purpose is simply to produce biochar for activated carbon, processors and intermediaries could consider a simpler and cheaper design than the PPV300. In conclusion, supply chain uncertainties and economic viability can be optimized when the PPV300 is used by coffee processors or intermediaries, who are able to make use of the co-products generated (biochar, heat, and wood vinegar). In addition to its financial viability, all of the other co-benefits of this technology should be taken into consideration (reduced smoke and environmental pollution, avoided health costs, greenhouse gas savings, etc.) for a proper assessment of its economic attractiveness.

Effect of microwave and oven roasting methods on total phenol, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and fatty acid compositions of coffee beans

Roasting is an important step of coffee processing which affects its quality characteristics. We investigated the effect of microwave and oven roasting on its physicochemical and antioxidant properties, and the fatty acids content. The oil contents of green and roasted coffee beans were determined as 5.75% (green), 9.65% (oven), and 2.70% (microwave). The total phenol content of green coffee beans was decreased by 13.59% and 16.66% on microwave and oven roasting, respectively. Microwave and oven roasting caused a decrease of 34.76% and 37.63%, respectively, in the antioxidant potential of green coffee beans. With few exceptions, the contents of most of the phenolic compounds were increased during roasting of coffee beans. The palmitic acid content decreased, while the oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid contents of roasted coffee bean oils were increased during roasting. This information could be helpful for securing the maximal health benefits of coffee. Practical applications Coffea arabica is one of the species of coffee which is highly consumed comparing with other species. The antioxidant compounds such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid in coffee beverage play an important role in reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases. Roasting is a vital step for the processing of coffee beans to be used as a beverage. It affects the main constituents of the coffee beans. This study provides the useful information of roasting process on antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids of coffee beans which can be helpful for reaping the maximum health benefits of coffee.

Processing method modulates the effectiveness of black beans for lowering blood cholesterol in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Various foods are known to have beneficial effects on health when consumed whole; however, there is a trend towards preparing foods from processed ingredients, and it remains unclear whether the benefits of the whole food are retained. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine whether different processing techniques affect the lowering of cholesterol and the vascular effects of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Beans were prepared by overnight soaking and boiling - the standard method - and by micronization, extrusion, or dehulling and boiling, and they were then fine milled. Beans prepared by the standard method were also coarse milled. These five materials were incorporated into semi-purified diets (30% wt/wt) and fed to spontaneously hypertensive rats for 4 weeks. Body weight, blood pressure, and aorta morphology were unaltered by the diets. Fasting total cholesterol was significantly reduced in rats fed micronized beans compared with extruded beans (both fine-milled) or the bean-free diet, while boiling combined with coarse milling lowered low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The lack of cholesterol lowering in rats fed extruded bean compared to micronized was not explained by the amount or composition of dietary fiber or resistant starch. Differences in the polyphenolic profile as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were also unable to explain the variations in cholesterol-lowering capacity. The present study demonstrates that processing of black beans alters the health effects observed with the whole pulse, and suggests that products prepared with processed ingredients will need to be tested empirically to establish whether the biological effects are maintained in vivo. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Artisanal cocoa bean fermentation: From cocoa bean proteins to bioactive peptides with potential health benefits

Abstract Post-harvest processing of cocoa beans, such as fermentation, not only determines the formation of aroma and flavor compounds, but also contributes to the formation of bioactive compounds with health benefits. Nevertheless, most studies associate these beneficial effects to the polyphenols present and little is known about the potential health effects of other cocoa components such as bioactive peptides. Thus, in the present review we focus on the role of cocoa bean protein hydrolysis for the release of bioactive peptides. Also, the potential health benefits of cocoa bean hydrolysates and peptides, specifically, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, antiobesogenic and antitumor activities are presented. However, more research is needed that considers bioaccesibility and bioavailability studies, as well as in vivo studies and clinical trials, for testing cocoa bean bioactive peptides. This knowledge may allow the development of nutraceuticals and food products with specific biological activities as well as good aroma and flavor.

Adoption of improved processing technology among African locust bean processors in south-west, Nigeria

The paper investigated the effect of socio-economic and institutional factors on the adoption of improved locust bean processing technology in South-West, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the locust bean processors, examines the level of awareness and adoption of the improved locust bean processing technology in the study area and determines the effect of socio-economic and institutional factors on the adoption and intensity of use of improved locust bean processing technology in the study area. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 360 respondents used for the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Cragg’s (double-hurdle) model. The result of the study showed that majority (84%) of the locust bean processors were female with an average age of 48 (±11.36) years. Majority (97%) of the respondents were married with an average household size of 8.25 (±4.32) persons. The result showed that 44.2% were aware while 55.8% were not aware of the technology in the study area. The results from the Cragg’s double hurdle model show that in the first hurdle, age, experience, access to credit and awareness positively influenced the decision to adopt the improved locust bean processing technology while in the second hurdle, education and income positively influenced the intensity of the use of the improved locust bean processing technology. It is therefore recommended that Relevant stakeholders, agencies and government should made available credit facilities which will enable the locust bean processors acquired the technology in no distant time.
 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 123-128, June 2020

Техніко-технологічне обгрунтування переробки рицини на малотоннажному підприємстві

The work is devoted to the study of technology and experimental equipment of the technological line for deep processing of seeds of castor beans to castor oil for the production of oils for agricultural machinery and fodder oil cake. Castor oil is a strategic raw material as used in many sectors of the economy, particularly in agriculture. All existing methods of processing the seeds of the castor oil plant can be divided into two methods of extracting the oil from seeds: mechanical extraction of oil, called by extrusion and dissolution of the oil in volatile organic solvents, or extraction method. These two methods are used in the technology of production of vegetable oils, either alone or in combination with one another. For conditions of small-scale production in the article the operationally-technological scheme of processing of castor seed two-time pressing with fundamental differences from the existing technologies of processing of castor seed. Resexcellence proposed technology of processing of castor beans by the method of double pressing for conditions of small-scale production is different from the known technologies that it involves the use of a number of additional technological operations such as: calibration of seeds, husk, the husk pneumoseparation and purification of pressed oil by electro-flotation. According to the operationally-technological scheme for processing castor seed is defined the name of equipment and quantity that you need to acquire and which will provide the appropriate level of production. Summarizes all processing modes in the processing of castor seed for castor oil with the proper equipment. By adhering to relevant technological modes of processing, will receive castor oil, quality indexes which will meet the requirements of DSTU 6757. Proposed basictrain technology made it possible to develop a generic technical description of the mini-plant on processing of seeds of castor oil plant technical castor oil and feed meal, which is the initial requirements during project development, such a plant and determining the financial and commercial viability of small-scale enterprises.

Perbandingan Cara Pengolahan Kakao Lindak (Bulk Cocoa) pada Perkebunan Besar Negara dan Perkebunan Swasta di Glenmore, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur


 
 
 The excellent quality of the cocoa beans is closely related to the processing of cocoa beans. This study aimed to compare the processing of bulk cocoa on the government estate and the private estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java. The method use observation, interviews, and literature study to record relevant information, then analyzed with descriptive and qualitative analysis. The result showed that the government estate and the private estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java did pay attention to the quality of cocoa beans because of the processing methods of cocoa beans of that two cocoa estates had been good, especially with the fermentation of cocoa beans. The processing of cocoa beans on the government estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java comprises receiving raw materials, fermentation, washing or rinsing, drying, tempering, sorting, packaging, and storing. The processing of cocoa beans on the private estate on Glenmore, Banyuwangi, East Java comprises receiving raw materials, pressing, fermentation, drying, sorting, packaging, and storing.
 Keywords: processing of cocoa beans, Glenmore estate, fermentation.
 
 

Optimum Boiling Duration and Its Effect on Nutritional Quality and Acceptability of Mechanically Dehulled Unfermented Locust Bean Seeds.

Most locust bean processing is still carried out locally in Africa. Dehulling is one of the major challenges encountered in traditional processing of locust bean seeds. Boiling time prior to dehulling is vital for nutritional status of locust bean. Hence, this study explored the influence of boiling duration before dehulling on the nutritional quality of mechanically dehulled locust bean seeds. The samples were subjected to four different boiling durations (1∼4 h) and the resulting effects on the overall acceptability, proximate composition, mineral content, and pH were evaluated. Locust beans boiled for 2 h and dehulled at the speed of 398 rpm gave the highest crude protein content, crude fiber, crude fat, and ash content. The pH ranged from 5.48 to 5.77, while boiling improved the mineral content ranging from 0.25∼0.48 mg/100 g (potassium), 16.80∼28.00 mg/100 g (calcium), 3.85∼6.73 mg/100 g (sodium), and 40.00∼52.40 mg/100 g (magnesium). The tedious labour during dehulling of locust bean seeds can be reduced at 398 rpm dehulling speed without adversely affecting the slightly acidic status and nutritional quality; thus enhancing quality and overall acceptability. Adoption of boiling raw locust bean seeds for 2 h under pressure prior to dehulling is a valuable procedure to eliminate long hours of boiling and tedious labour during local and industrial production.

LIBERICA COFFEE FARMERS GROUP COMMUNICATION PATTERN FOR SUPPORT OF SUKOREJO ECOTOURISM

Tanjung Jabung Barat which is a peatland with the main commodity production of Liberica Coffee, the area is being developed by oil and gas companies and governments into ecotourism destinations. Ecotourism development is considered to be able to improve the walfare of the community and also maintain the conservation value of the coffee ecosystem. Liberica Coffee farmers are empowered to support ecotourism. This paper aims to describe about: (1) Interaction between Liberica Coofee farmers and their interactions with the stakeholders, (2) A one-way and two-way communication hierarchy between farmers and the stakeholders, and (3) the mapping of communication networks between liberica coffee farmers and the stakeholders. This study was conducted using qualitative methods with interviews and FGD were conducted with Liberica Coffee farmers, the company and the local government. The conclusion of this paper indicate that: (1) coffee farmers carry out intensive and long duration communication conducted at the coffee beans processing site. (2). Communication generally takes two directions so there is a tendency for farmers to take action and move together without waiting for orders, and (3) Communication is carried out by the leader of the farmer group with the stakeholders also carrried out intensively and patterned so that it can support the development of the ecotourism in “Sukorejo” Liberica Coffee Village in a realtively short period of time.

Toxicity assessment of African locust bean effluents on agricultural soil and aquatic organism at Jimba- Oja and Temidire locust bean (<i>Parkia biglobosa</i>) processing centers

Indiscriminate processing of agricultural produces has led to the alteration of agricultural soil and aquatic habitat, consequently threatening food security, human health and natural population size of aquatic organisms. This study investigated chemical properties of the soil at Jimba- Oja and Temidire locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) processing centres. The static bioassays were also performed on Clarias gariepinus to evaluate the median lethal concentrations of the locust bean effluents within 72 and 96 hours. Physico-chemical parameters of effluents showed that pH was slightly acidic (6.44 to 6.73 respectively). The dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.48 to 6.73 mg/L and phosphate from 67.52 to 82.60 mg/L. The concentration of copper, iron, nickel ranged from 6.77 to 8.84, 32.57 to 47.67 and 0.21 to 1.04 mg/L respectively. These parameters exceeded the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) permissible limits. The Effluents from Parkia biglobosa impacted soil with high concentrations of heavy metals ranging from: copper 4.72 to 5.02, cadmium 0.03 to 0.35, iron 51.82 to 76.41 and nickel 0.13 to 0.05 at processing centers compared to the control site. Toxicity assessments indicated that the mortality increased with increase in effluent concentration. LC tests (36 %:72 hours), (20 %: 96 hours), (30.1 %: 50 72 hours) and (20 %: 96 hours) concentrations were carried out for Jimba-oja and Temidire respectively and the sublethal dose of below 7.5 % for both Parkia biglobosa processing centers were obtained. The study concluded that releasing Parkia biglobosa effluent to the environment have negative impacts on agricultural soil and aquatic organisms. There is therefore need for relevant government agencies to control indiscriminate discharge of these effluents into the environment untreated.
 Keywords: Locust bean effluent, Toxicity, Agric soil, Aquatic Organism

The Effectiveness of Coffee Bean Processing Machines in the Rezeki Farmers Group in Takengon, Central Aceh

The appropriate technology program in the Community Service Scheme of Science and Technology for the community entitled “Effectiveness of Coffee Bean Processing Machines in the Rezeki Farmers Group in Takengon, Central Aceh” is to assist partner communities in efforts to improve UD Rezeki Group productivity through the application of appropriate technology and training in product diversification skills. coffee preparations. The method in implementing the Community Service Program consists of three activities, namely (1) making Coffee Roasting machines, flour and packaging, (2) training in processing skills for types of coffee beans, Arabica and Robusta and (3) Coffee Packaging Systems. The purpose of this Coffee Grinder Machine Design activity can facilitate the work in large-scale coffee milling. The methods taken in this design include: the survey stage, the planning stage, the implementation phase, post-construction and report making. Through engine performance test results obtained as follows: 70 watt wiper motor capable of rotating a load of 10 kg with a 72 rpm rotational speed. Gear transmission can reduce rotation from 180 rpm to 72 rpm. The temperature control unit can regulate temperatures from 500 C to 2500 C, while the rotation speed control unit can set the speed from 10 rpm to 72 rpm.

Food Safety Practices in Locust Bean Processing: Implication for Rural Women Well-Being in Ogun State, Nigeria

African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) is a nutritious source of food since it is rich in protein and some beneficial health vitamins. The processed locust bean product (iru) is often containing impurities which are attributed to poor food safety procedures. Hence, this study examined food safety practices in locust bean and its implication on rural women well-being. Interview guide was used to collect data from 320 respondents. Data collected were analyzed with regression analysis at p < 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that compliance to food safety practices was very poor for 93.8% of the respondents. The well-being of 64.4% of the respondents was poor. In addition, more than 60% of the respondents cannot cater for clothing, children’s education and health care through their monthly income from locust bean product. Results of regression showed that significant relationship exited between washing of hands before and after locust bean processing and well-being (β = 1.42). Also, results of regression showed that proximity of processing units to refuse dump sites (β = 0.94), scarcity of raw locust seeds (β = 0.48), and lack of modern processing facilities (β = 0.34) are most serious problems to locust bean processing that affected the rural women’s well-being at p < 0.05. This study concludes that food safety practices and constraints are determinants of rural women’s well-being. The study recommends that efforts should be geared towards enforcement of food safety practices by the nutritionists, community health workers and extension agents in order to obtain safe locust bean product for high income and good well-being of rural women.

The digestive and physiological visceral organs of male Bali cattle were fed with cocoa bean shell

Cocoa bean shell (CBS) is a waste from cocoa bean processing, and recently used as supplements in ruminants feed. However, a CBS contains theobromines that well known for its anti-nutrient effect in the animal digestive system. This study examined the effect of CBS supplementation on some digestive organs in Bali cattle bulls. The total of 12 Bali bulls (average initial body weight, 159.25 ± 15.68 kg) aged 16 months age were fed with four levels of CBS concentrate in the diet for 16 weeks (0, 3, 6, and 9%, repestively). At the end of the experiment, digestive tract and some visceral organs weight (e.g., rumen, digest tracts, lymph, liver, lungs, heart, and kidney) were measured and calculated as the percentage of body weight (BW). The results showed that the percentage of spleen, liver and kidney weights were increased (p<0.05) according to the level of CBS supplementation. The effect of CBS feeding on the percentage of spleen weight was occurred at level 9%, and significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the level of 3%, 6% and without cocoa shell. The liver and kidney percentages were higher (p<0.05) at levels 6% and 9% compared to 0% and 3%. There was no effect of supplementation on the digestive tract, lungs and heart. The study concluded that CBS supplementation at 6% and 9% levels had an effect on physiological visceral organs of Bali cattle bulls.

Resolution of alkaloid racemate: a novel microbial approach for the production of enantiopure lupanine via industrial wastewater valorization

BackgroundLupanine is a plant toxin contained in the wastewater of lupine bean processing industries, which could be used for semi-synthesis of various novel high added-value compounds. This paper introduces an environmental friendly process for microbial production of enantiopure lupanine.ResultsPreviously isolated P. putida LPK411, R. rhodochrous LPK211 and Rhodococcus sp. LPK311, holding the capacity to utilize lupanine as single carbon source, were employed as biocatalysts for resolution of racemic lupanine. All strains achieved high enantiomeric excess (ee) of L-(−)-lupanine (> 95%), while with the use of LPK411 53% of the initial racemate content was not removed. LPK411 fed with lupanine enantiomers as single substrates achieved 92% of D-(+)-lupanine biodegradation, whereas L-(−)-lupanine was not metabolized. Monitoring the transcriptional kinetics of the luh gene in cultures supplemented with the racemate as well as each of the enantiomers supported the enantioselectivity of LPK411 for D-(+)-lupanine biotransformation, while (trans)-6-oxooctahydro-1H-quinolizine-3-carboxylic acid was detected as final biodegradation product from D-(+)-lupanine use. Ecotoxicological assessment demonstrated that lupanine enantiomers were less toxic to A. fischeri compared to the racemate exhibiting synergistic interaction.ConclusionsThe biological chiral separation process of lupanine presented here constitutes an eco-friendly and low-cost alternative to widely used chemical methods for chiral separation.

From by-Product to Unconventional Vegetable: Preliminary Evaluation of Fresh Fava Hulls Highlights Richness in L-Dopa and Low Content of Anti-Nutritional Factor

Faba bean hulls are a by-product, generated from the processing of beans and usually disposed of as waste, utilized in some recipes of Italian traditional cuisine. In this research, a quality evaluation of faba hulls in six genotypes (four local varieties—‘Cegliese’, ‘Iambola’, ‘San Francesco’ and ‘FV5′—and two commercial ones—‘Aguadulce supersimonia’ and ‘Extra-early purple’) of faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. major Harz) for fresh consumption grown with two plant densities (4.16 and 2.08 plants m−2) was carried out. For all the measured parameters, the statistical analysis reveals that the interaction between plant density and genotype was not significant. On the other hand, independently of the genotype, the higher the plant’s density the higher was the pods’ yield per unit area, while the average percentage of hulls was of 75% with little differences between genotypes. All genotypes showed a low content of vicine (12.4 mg 100 g−1 FW), a well know favism-inducing factor, and a very high phenols content (between 443 and 646 mg 100 g−1 FW) and levo-dihydroxy phenylalanine (L-dopa—on average 170 mg 100 g−1 FW), used for the treatment of patients affected by Parkinson’s disease. In conclusion, this study highlights the good potential of faba hulls as unconventional vegetable, suggesting its use as a new functional food in the daily diet and also for patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Changes Triggered by Fusarium solani in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major legume and is frequently attacked by fungal pathogens, including Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (FSP), which cause Fusarium root rot. FSP substantially reduces common bean yields across the world, including China, but little is known about how common bean plants defend themselves against this fungal pathogen. In the current study, we combined next-generation RNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques to investigate the changes in gene expression and metabolomic processes in common bean infected with FSP. There were 29,722 differentially regulated genes and 300 differentially regulated metabolites between control and infected plants. The combined omics approach revealed that FSP is perceived by PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Infected seedlings showed that common bean responded by cell wall modification, ROS generation, and a synergistic hormone-driven defense response. Further analysis showed that FSP induced energy metabolism, nitrogen mobilization, accumulation of sugars, and arginine and proline metabolism. Importantly, metabolic pathways were most significantly enriched, which resulted in increased levels of metabolites that were involved in the plant defense response. A correspondence between the transcript pattern and metabolite profile was observed in the discussed pathways. The combined omics approach enhances our understanding of the less explored pathosystem and will provide clues for the development of common bean cultivars’ resistant to FSP.

The antimicrobial effectiveness of cacao shell and cacao husk combination on inhibition of pathogenic bacteria in food products

Cocoa shell and cocoa husk are the waste from the processing of cocoa beans whose utilization has not been done optimally. The cocoa shell and cocoa husk contain phytochemical compounds which are potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in food products. The aim of this study is to find the ratio of cocoa shell extracts and cocoa husk extracts that most effectively inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. The method used experimental research followed by Randomized Block Design Factorial Pattern with 9 treatments and 3 replication. The treatment consists of two factors. The first factor was 3 types of extract (1:1, 2:3 and 3:2) and the second factor was 3 bacteria types (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp). The result showed that the extract mixture of cocoa shell and cocoa husk didn’t provide interaction effects, but provided an independent effect to inhibit the various types of bacteria. The comparison of 3:2 w/w of cocoa shell and cocoa husk extract contain phenol 0.063% and flavonoid 0.0191% gave the most effective inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli with a diameter of inhibition zone 5.84 mm (resistant), Staphylococcus aureus 4.04 mm (resistant) and Salmonella sp. 21.00 mm (sensitive) and was able to reduce the total bacteria of Escherichia coli 7.67 log CFU/ml (6.19%), Staphylococcus aureus 7.06 log CFU/ml (13.65%) and Salmonella sp. 6.49 log CFU/ml (20.62%). Phytochemical tests showed that cocoa shell extract and cocoa husk extract containing phenol, flavonoid, triterpenoid, tannin, and alkaloid.

GAYA HIDUP MINUM KOPI DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KOPI (STUDI KASUS PADA KOPI KENANGAN GANDARIA CITY - JAKARTA)

Coffee is a drink that is preferred among the people. Coffee is a type of beverage that comes from the processing and extraction of coffee beans. Coffee comes from Arabic qahwah which means strength. Coffee can be said as a drink that provides energy. At this time there was a booming coffee shop business. These days the emergence of various types of coffee shops that sell various types of coffee drinks are supported by the interior and various unique concepts that can not be separated from people’s lives. This has led to consumptive behavior that mainly occurs among young people so they are happy to be in a coffee shop. This study aims to explain and find out whether there is an influence of lifestyle on a person’s purchasing decisions in the Coffee Memories of Gandaria City, especially among young people. The independent variables used in this study are Activity, Interest and Opinion. Sample population used in this study are visitors or consumers who are or have made purchases of Kengangan Gandaria City Coffee as many as 100 people. This research uses descriptive method. Based on the results of the determination test shows the number of 0.700 so it can be concluded that purchasing decisions are significantly influenced by lifestyle. This shows that the occurrence of consumptive lifestyles that affect a person in making purchase decisions. Lifestyle variables on opinion indicators provide the most powerful influence compared to other indicators.&#x0D; Keywords: lifestyle, buyer decision, coffe shop, food and beverage product

DIETARY FIBER AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GLUTEN-FREE COOKIES WITH COFFEE CHERRY FLOUR ADDITION

&lt;p&gt;Coffee husk and coffee pulp are by-product of coffee fruit and bean processing, can be considered as potential functional ingredients for food production as coffee cherry flour (CCF). The CCF contains a lot of carbohydrates, proteins, caffeine, tannins, and polyphenols. In this study, CCF was combined with modified arrowroot starch (MAS) and modified cassava flour (MOCAF) into cookies and improvement on the physical, chemical, and nutraceutical properties of the cookies were studied. The cookies consisted of 20 % of MOCAF and 80 % mixed of modified arrowroot starch and CCF in five levels (80 %:0 %; 75 %:5 %; 70 %:10 %; 65 %:15 %; 60 %:20 %) and objective physical, chemical, and nutraceutical properties of the cookies were assessed. The results showed that the total dietary fiber content was enhanced from 11.69 % to 19.48 % with a high proportion of 20 % CCF. The cookies added with CCF displayed enhanced antioxidant activity. Acceptable cookies were obtained by adding 5 % CCF. Thus, the results implied that cookies with CCF addition obtained dietary fiber enriched cookies with improved antioxidant activity.&lt;/p&gt;