Beach Types Research Articles

Penatagunaan Lahan Dusung Bagi Pengembangan Agrowisata di Lata-Negeri Hative Besar Sesuai RTRW Kota Ambon

This study aims to: 1) describe the land use of the hamlet in Lata, the components of plant species, and the uniqueness of cultivation, 2) identify the characteristics/quality of land and the environment in Lata, 3) evaluate the suitability of the hamlet land use/agroforest for the development of agro-tourism. This research was carried out using an analytical method at the transect location in the Kampong Lata area. The results of the study include: 1) Dusung land use or hamlet land systems/compositions (hamlet types) in the Lata Hative Besar petuanan, from the coast to the mountains include hamlets of the type of hamlets, village yards, beaches and hamlets of heirlooms (covering hamlets). king), dusung dati (from the Uspessy, Lakatua, and Siatau clans), and hamlets of the country, 2) Evaluation of the suitability of hamlet/agroforest land use for the development/regulation of agro-tourism according to the direction of the Ambon City RTRW 2011-2031, shows that dusung dati/agrosilviculture are appropriate and a priority for development of agro-tourism, following the hamlet of the yard/homegarden, following the hamlet of the beach/agrosilvifishery. Prioritization here is not only seen from the suitability and biophysical characteristics of the land for components of relevant plant species that support agro-tourism, but also from the attractiveness of historical values ​​and various distinctive local cultures/wisdoms as a whole and can increase the income/welfare of local residents who sustainable.

Analisis Indeks Kesesuaian dan Daya Dukung Ekowisata Pantai di Pantai Panrita Lopi Teluk Pangempang Kecamatan Muara Badak, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur

Panrita Lopi Beach is one of the tourist sites that has the potential as beach tourism, but this location has not been tested to determine the level of ecotourism suitability analysis and development of tourism management. This research was conducted in January 2022 using the IKW and SWOT methods. The results obtained based on the Coastal Ecotourism Conformity Index obtained the parameter values for depth, beach type, beach width, slope and current speed with a score of 4 (the highest) so that the IKW results with a value of 86% with the appropriate category, so that the location is good to be used as an ecotourism location. beach. Meanwhile, based on the SWOT analysis for the development of coastal tourism, it can be done with a focus on the development of facilities management strategies and cooperation with the government and private parties.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY FOR MITIGATION OF OIL SPILL DISASTERS IN THE SERIBU ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK

The Seribu Islands National Park (Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu - TNKpS) which has a marine ecosystem area that has the potential to be affected by oil spills originating from oil discharges from ships passing through the Sunda Strait and ship accidents in and out of Tanjung Priuk Port. In addition, in the TNKpS area there are also oil and gas mining companies as well as oil distribution through pipelines which have the potential to cause oil pollution due to leakage of oil distribution pipelines. The availability of maps of Environmental Sensitivity Index and comprehensive environmental data is important for the government to understand the condition of sensitive areas around oil and gas mining areas to mitigate environmental pollution due to oil spills, and can then take priority actions. to protect areas deemed sensitive. The compilation of thematic maps related to environmental sensitivity to oil spills in TNKpS shows that the beach type is not sensitive to oil spills, where the dominant beach type is gently sloping sand which is a substrate that is easy to clean when an oil spill occurs. While the component of biodiversity has the highest sensitivity. The most sensitive socioeconomic components affected by the oil spill are fish farming and marine tourism (snorkeling and diving), both of which are the main livelihoods for the people in TNKpS, especially from the tourism sector. Mitigation of oil spills in TNKpS should focus on dealing with oil spills before reaching sensitive areas where oil collection with skimmers and spraying of dispersants can be carried out before entering the coral reef area. The next step is the protection of sensitive areas from oil spills where this protection can be done by dispelling using an oil boom and directing the oil spill to a less sensitive area. The final step is cleaning the beach area in accordance with oil spill emergency response procedures. Spill simulations carried out with a duration of 3 hours, 5 hours and 24 hours showed that the oil spill had not yet reached the sensitive area when it was 3 hours, so that the ideal anticipatory oil response is to have an oil control exercise with a duration of 3 hours to protect sensitive areas.

Morphodynamics of wave-dominated beaches

AbstractWave-dominated sandy beaches are highly valued by societies and are amongst the world’s most energetic and dynamic environments. On wave-dominated beaches with unlimited sand supply and limited influence of tide and geology, beach change has long been conceptualised in the morphodynamic framework of Wright and Short (1984). Such framework describes the occurrence of beach types based on wave conditions and sediment characteristics across the complete reflective–dissipative spectrum. Building on theoretical work, field/laboratory measurements and monitoring programmes, the physical mechanisms underpinning this morphodynamic framework have been progressively unravelled. Cross-shore morphological changes are primarily controlled by equilibrium and beach memory principles with below (above) average wave conditions driving down-state (up-state) transitions associated with onshore (offshore) sediment transport. Such cross-shore behaviour mostly reflects the imbalance between the onshore-directed sediment transport driven by wave nonlinearities and the offshore-directed sediment transport driven by the undertow. Self-organised morphological instabilities resulting from different positive feedback mechanisms are primarily responsible for alongshore morphological variability and the generation of rhythmic morphological features, such as crescentic bars, rip channels and beach cusps. Critically, wave climate and changes in wave regimes are key in driving the coupled cross-shore and longshore behaviour that ultimately explains modal beach state and frequency-response characteristics of beach morphological time series.

Field observation and numerical analysis of rip currents at Ten-Mile Beach, Hailing Island, China

Rip currents are a type of high-speed cross-shore current that occur in coastal areas. They are one of the deadliest natural hazard that occur along coasts. At Ten-Mile Beach on Hailing Island in Yangjiang, China, there have been a number of drowning accidents, most of which have been investigated to be related to rip currents. In order to investigate the rip current phenomenon at this beach, a 24-day beach observation was conducted from August 7 to August 30, 2021. This field investigation included wave observation in the surf zone, bathymetric measurements, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring, and sediment sampling. During the investigation, the beach state changed successively from barred to low tide terrace rip currents and low tide bar/rip, which are beach types with a high probability of rip current occurrence. Wave height was the main factor controlling the beach state and the occurrence of rip currents. The numerical simulation results of the XBeach model were in good agreement with images taken by UAV, confirming that the rip current hazard estimation model can effectively characterize the rip current hazard level for different beach stages. The results of the study provide a useful reference for beach development management and rip current warning at Ten-Mile Beach.

Distribution and Abundance of Marine Debris on Intertidal Zone at Three Selected Small Islands, Sabah

The issue of marine debris has become worldwide attention since it occurs almost everywhere globally Thus, it is crucial to focus on this area to sustain the life below the water as stated by United Nations (SDG 14). This study evaluated the distribution, abundance, and composition of marine debris in three selected islands at Sabah namely Manukan, Mamutik and Sapi Islands. Marine debris was identified according to its categories as stated by the Department of Environment (DOE). The study was carried out to compare the waste abundance of three islands since the different beach types represent various activities that produce debris. The sampling design was conducted with two plot areas plotted and observed on each island for three consecutive weeks. Based on the assessment done, Mamutik Island recorded the most abundance of marine debris with 12.185 kg (66.2%) of debris found followed by Manukan Island with 5.487 kg (29.8%) of debris and Sapi Island with 0.746 kg (4.1%). It was observed that plastic debris especially plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic straws, general plastics, polystyrene, and plastic cups were the main contributors to marine debris pollution. While among all the three islands studied, Sapi Island is considered the cleanest and smallest Island compared to others since the location of this island is quite far from the mainland. The solid and waste management on each island has been identified in order to formulate a new strategy to reduce the impact of marine debris on the intertidal zone especially on human health and the environment. These studies have provided a clear understanding of the distribution of marine debris in these islands. Several recommendations and suggestions have been listed to reduce and prevent marine debris pollution.

Response of natural, modified and artificial sandy beaches to sea-level rise

Sandy beaches occur in a wide variety of environmental settings and as components of a diverse range of coastal system types. These variations among beaches lead to significant differences in their mesoscale (multi-decadal, km length scale) behaviour, including their response to sea-level rise. In addition to this natural variability, the degree to which the sandy beach system has been or will be modified by humans is a major influence on how it responds to sea-level change. From a spectrum of beach types based on the degree of human modification, three situations (Natural, Modified and Artificial beaches) are considered in order to demonstrate the role of humans as geomorphic agents as sandy beaches respond to rising sea level. The potential trajectories of change are assessed, and future scenarios are presented and discussed. Natural beaches are most likely to survive sea-level rise, while the fate of artificial beaches depends almost entirely on the politics and economics of what lies immediately landward. In all categories of beach, human decision-making is the most important determinant of sandy beach response to sea-level rise.

Identification of Rock Types from Iron Sand at Pasia Jambak Beach, Padang, West Sumatra

West Sumatera is a region that has an abundance of natural resources in the form of iron sand, one of which is in the area of Pasia Jambak Beach, Padang. Pasia Jambak Beach is one type of beach in rumps and sandy beaches, which has grayish-brown sand and rough grains on its surface. Iron sand could be formed due to weathering of rocks and materials found around the coast, such as old ships and others. This study aims to see the type rock of origin and the composition of the magnetic mineral elements found in the iron sand of Pasia Jambak Beach. The composition of iron sand-forming elements can be seen using XRF. The analysis results using XRF showed that the most dominant element in the samples was Si (Silica) and Fe (Ferrum). Based on the SiO2 vs K2O diagram, it can be seen that the iron sand in the Pasia jambak Beach area comes from weathering of Basalt, Dacite, and Latite rocks. So, it could be concluded that the original rock group from iron sand at Pasia Jambak Beach is the Calc-Alkaline group (medium Potassium content) and High K Calc-Alkaline (high Potassium content).

Evaluation of the suitability of marine tourism in the Mandeh Archipelago, West Sumatra

Indonesia has a huge potential in the development of marine tourism, because it has many islands and very beautiful coastal areas. The Mandeh area has enormous potential in developing marine tourism, due to its beautiful coastal areas and islands. The purpose of this study was to evaluate land suitability and determine constraints for the development of marine tourism in the Mandeh area. To determine the evaluation of land suitability using the Geographical Information System (GIS) method using ten indicators, namely: depth, beach type, beach width, basic material, current velocity, coastal independence, beach brightness, land use, hazardous biota, and availability of fresh water. Furthermore, to determine the constraints using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method, the ISM method involves stakeholders from tourism experts, community leaders, tourism businesses, local governments. The results of research on the evaluation of the land suitability of marine tourism in the Mandeh area are mostly or about 35% very suitable (S1) for marine tourism, while the unsuitable area (N) is only 20% of the total area. Based on the analysis of the obstacles to developing marine tourism in the Mandeh area, namely the lack of investment capital and professional personnel in the development of marine tourism.

A new shoreline change assessment approach for erosion management strategies

Shoreline evolution studies are fundamental to assess the rate of beach accretion or retreatment. In the last years, researchers developed many methods with several techniques belonging to different disciplines and backgrounds. Nowadays, the Shoreline Change Analysis (SCA) is the most widespread method to assess shoreline evolution. In fact, the SCA is needed to perform management strategies able to respond to current erosion or potential future erosion problems. This paper presents a new approach using an automatic method for SCA with accuracy and speed improvements. Indeed, in the framework of the management of coastal erosion and to develop an adaptation plan to coastal hazards it is necessary to study the links existing between coastal and marine morphological transformations. A new tool was written in Matlab, the input files were built using a GIS environment and the results were arranged in a GIS project. The present tool adopts two approaches: the Transect Based Analysis (TBA) and the Area Based Analysis (ABA). New roughness and irregularity indexes were defined to calculate the transects’ spacing. Moreover, a piecewise polynomial baseline was defined to improve accuracy in shoreline position assessment. The approaches TBA and ABA were validated both by synthetic benchmarks and by a study case. The adopted synthetic benchmarks represent very common types of beaches: with one or more salients, with cusps and groynes. The case study was a logarithmic spiral Mediterranean beach on the southwestern coast of Sicily. All the studied test cases provided good results in terms of accuracy and easiness of use. The new tool and methodology, with TBA and ABA coupling, encloses many practical aspects. Indeed, ABA allows the general assessment of advancing/retreating beach areas, whereas TBA is needed to study very short stretches of beach. The proposed SCA analysis is useful for the requirements of a complete coastal management plan and to evaluate erosion management options. Moreover, the SCA gives a sound technical understanding of the physical coastal processes and should engage the community, the stakeholders and the agencies responsible for development application decisions. The new approach gives high-quality results achieved with significant speediness making it suitable for regional studies and directly providing parameters needed for erosion managing strategies.

Night and day at the beach: Relating social life to location and infrastructure in a Brazilian city

Brazilian city beaches are public spaces favoring citizens well-being. Urban studies relate built form and infrastructure with urban vitality and coastal studies underline uses as important for beach management, yet few researches relate form and infrastructure with beach uses. Understanding daily life as essential for public spaces and that spatial form relates with uses, this paper assesses time-based relationships between built and natural physical attributes and social life on the beaches of João Pessoa, a coastal city in North-east Brazil. Physical attributes are investigated at city scale - beach type, street network centrality and topography - and seafront scale - land uses, public/private interfaces, public infrastructure, beach sections and water quality. Beach social life was surveyed online, enquiring peoples' beach choice, visiting time and place, activities and evaluation. Infrastructure and street network follow topography and help configure shore and promenade for different landscapes. More central beaches have diverse land uses, well-equipped promenades and lighting and were popular night and day, while less central beaches had less infrastructure and were visited only by day. Findings highlight how physical attributes facilitate uses and, together with peoples’ evaluation, can inform urban beach design and planning.

Locally developed models improve the accuracy of remotely assessed metrics as a rapid tool to classify sandy beach morphodynamics.

Classification of beaches into morphodynamic states is a common approach in sandy beach studies, due to the influence of natural variables in ecological patterns and processes. The use of remote sensing for identifying beach type and monitoring changes has been commonly applied through multiple methods, which often involve expensive equipment and software processing of images. A previous study on the South African Coast developed a method to classify beaches using conditional tree inferences, based on beach morphological features estimated from public available satellite images, without the need for remote sensing processing, which allowed for a large-scale characterization. However, since the validation of this method has not been tested in other regions, its potential uses as a trans-scalar tool or dependence from local calibrations has not been evaluated. Here, we tested the validity of this method using a 200-km stretch of the Brazilian coast, encompassing a wide gradient of morphodynamic conditions. We also compared this locally derived model with the results that would be generated using the cut-off values established in the previous study. To this end, 87 beach sites were remotely assessed using an accessible software (i.e., Google Earth) and sampled for an in-situ environmental characterization and beach type classification. These sites were used to derive the predictive model of beach morphodynamics from the remotely assessed metrics, using conditional inference trees. An additional 77 beach sites, with a previously known morphodynamic type, were also remotely evaluated to test the model accuracy. Intertidal width and exposure degree were the only variables selected in the model to classify beach type, with an accuracy higher than 90% through different metrics of model validation. The only limitation was the inability in separating beach types in the reflective end of the morphodynamic continuum. Our results corroborated the usefulness of this method, highlighting the importance of a locally developed model, which substantially increased the accuracy. Although the use of more sophisticated remote sensing approaches should be preferred to assess coastal dynamics or detailed morphodynamic features (e.g., nearshore bars), the method used here provides an accessible and accurate approach to classify beach into major states at large spatial scales. As beach type can be used as a surrogate for biodiversity, environmental sensitivity and touristic preferences, the method may aid management in the identification of priority areas for conservation.

Linking Short- to Medium-Term Beach Dune Dynamics to Local Features under Wave and Wind Actions: A Northern Portuguese Case Study

Many coasts suffer from prevailing erosion, with them being particularly vulnerable to predicted climate change impacts, threatening coastal ecosystems, their services, infrastructures and populations. Understanding coastal morpho-sedimentary dynamics is thus essential for coastal management. However, coastal vulnerability may differ locally, depending on exposure/protection and local geological and morpho-hydrodynamical features, suggesting that a local approach to erosion risk assessment is needed to identify and understand local patterns. Digital elevation models of a 14 km long coastal stretch in northern Portugal that were extracted from aerial surveys obtained between November 2008 and February 2019 were analysed to quantify changes in shoreline position and sediment budgets, both for the whole study area and for distinct beach segments. The observed dynamics were subsequently analysed by considering prevailing wave and wind intensities and directions. Overall and during the decade analysed, the beach–dune system of the studied stretch slightly increased in volume (0.6%), although the shoreline retreated (by 1.6 m on average). Temporal variability in coastal dynamics was observed at all of the temporal scales considered—from seasons to 5-year periods—with them being related to variability in ocean and wind patterns. There was a trend from accretional to erosional conditions, with the first 5-year period showing a mean increase in the beach–dune system’s volume of 0.6% and a mean shoreline progradation of 1.5 m, followed by 5-years with 0.0% volume change and 3.1 m shoreline retreat. Locally, the dynamics were very variable, with shoreline dynamics ranging from 24.0 m regression to 51.5 m progradation, and sediment budgets from 213.8 m3 loss to 417.0 m3 gain, per segment and for the decade. Stretches with relatively stable morphologies and others with erosional or accretional trends were found, depending on the beach type, shoreline orientation and the presence of defence structures. Rocky beaches were the least dynamic and sandy beaches the most dynamic, with mean shoreline position changes of 0.0 m and −3.4 m, respectively, and mean sediment budgets of −1.1 m3 and −2.9 m3 per linear meter of coastline, respectively, for the studied decade. The observed dynamics showed how local conditions interacted with meteo-ocean conditions in shaping local morpho-sedimentary dynamics, stressing the importance of a local approach to coastal erosion monitoring and risk assessment.

STATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BERKELANJUTAN DI KAWASAN OBJEK WISATA PANTAI KABUPATEN KULONPROGO TAHUN 2021

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is: 1. To find out the Environmental Characteristics and Distribution of Beach Attractions in Kulonprogo Regency. 2. To find out the Potential Attractions of Beach Attractions in Kulonprogo Regency 3. To find out the Sustainable Ecotourism Development Strategy of Kulonprogo Regency Beach Attractions. Research Location is all beach attractions in Kulonprogo Regency which include Trisik Beach, Glagah Beach, Congot Beach and Kadilangu Sand Beach with Potential and Development Strategy using analysis of Tourism Suitability Index for Characteristics and Distribution of Attractions, Potential uses The Potential Score of Attractions as well as the Green Tourism Association for Sustainable Ecotourism Development by using qualitative description research methods with a survey approach to collect information from respondents using questionnaires / questionnaires and in-depth interviews of concerned respondents from visitors to cuttingholders whose data is collected from the top sample of the population to represent the entire population. The results of this study are (1) The distribution and environmental characteristics of each beach in Kulonprogo Regency are not much different, namely the type of iron sand beach or black sand with agrotourism potential, and all beaches are in Temon and Galur districts, Trisik Beach is in Trisik village and Glagah Beach, Congot Beach and Kadilangu Sand Beach located in Jangkaran village;(2) All potential kulonprogo beach attractions are tourist attractions with tourism potential is different from the results of the score. and Glagah Beach is the beach with the greatest potential and each beach has a distinctive attraction that is different and unique; (3) The development of Ecotourism of Kulonprogo Regency is obtained by the management of ecological sustainability or Green Tourism Association appropriate from the Environment, economic development to cultural diversity described from each beach. Trisik Beach development directive from 4 criteria that have been appropriate needs to be revamped on Turtle Conservation and Chicken Farming that is not yet appropriate, Glagah Beach development directive has been in accordance according to the assessment of ecotourism criteria only need to be further managed by the Laguna levy and fishermen's results, Congot Beach development directive only 4 are appropriate so that there is still much need for improvement and related management such as fishing villages and ombah breakers and coastal development directives Pasir Kadilangu has not been suitable for mangrove forest conservation and shrimp farming. Ecotourism Development Strategy from Kulonprogo Tourism Office such as DED and levy collection; (4) Implementation of high school learners' teaching materials modules in geography subjects of Forestry, Mining, Marine and Tourism Resources Distribution in Accordance with The Principles of Sustainable Development Class XI in the form of interesting and easy to understand learning modules.

Ghost crab predation of loggerhead turtle eggs across thermal habitats

The reproductive success of sea turtles is highly influenced by the environmental and biological conditions of the nesting beach. Maio Island, Cabo Verde, one of the main nesting sites for the Northeast Atlantic loggerhead subpopulation, displays marked heterogeneity of sand coloration, with dark, mixed and light sandy beaches, resulting in different thermal habitats. Considering that sand temperature can influence both sea turtle embryo development and predatory activity by ghost crabs – the main predators of clutches and hatchlings at Cabo Verde – we surveyed loggerhead nesting beaches at Maio Island, with three sand colorations (‘beach type’), to assess: 1) the density and size of ghost crab burrows, as a proxy for ghost crab density and size, and 2) ghost crab predation on 70 loggerhead nests. We further assessed nest site selection, by considering the number of nesting activities and clutches laid across beach type. There were no evident trends in the distributions of ghost crab density and size between years or beach type. We found that ghost crab predation is a major source of mortality in Maio Island, affecting 67.8% (n = 59) of the nests. Ghost crab predation was variable between beaches, but generally, at the warmer dark sand beaches, clutch mortality was mostly caused by ghost crab predation (53.2%, n = 17), while at the mixed sand beaches mortality by predation was low (7.5%, n = 18), compared to mortality due to other causes (49.9%), indicating that other factors can also significantly impact clutch survival. The mixed sand beaches had more nesting activities and higher nest density (2.29/m2; 1.25/m2, respectively), compared to the light sand (0.72/m2; 0.35/m2) and the dark sand beaches (0.73/m2; 0.27/m2), suggesting a possible predation-free nesting preference. Our findings show that some beaches are in need of nest protection, thus we recommend both in situ nest protection and egg translocation to safe hatcheries, depending on the threats identified, to enhance clutch survival at such heterogeneous nesting areas as Maio Island.

Non-breeding habitat selection of a sandy shore obligate shorebird

The temporal partitioning of species' life history phases according to seasonal environmental variation is pervasive, yet most habitat selection studies have focused on breeding rather than non-breeding periods. Using remote-sensing data and previously collected information on occurrence, this study explores the habitat selection of a non-breeding, resident shorebird (the hooded plover Thinornis cucullatus) on southern hemisphere, high energy beaches exposed to the southern ocean (Victoria, Australia). While many beaches are used for breeding, non-breeding or both, some beaches are never used. These usage patterns may reflect site attributes, which could effectively define non-breeding habitat for the species. We identified and described differences in beachscapes between four distinct types of non-breeding habitat occupation: 1) flocking sites, 2) year-round territories, 3) breeding season only territories, and 4) sites on beaches not occupied by hooded plovers (“no bird” sites). Potentially important habitat variables (36) were measured using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and analysed using multinomial regression following variable selection (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator; LASSO). This enabled us to characterise the different site types. Flocking sites were characterised by having southerly aspects and were closer to the nearest breeding territory (hereafter ‘nearest neighbour’) than no bird sites, and year-round territories had closer nearest neighbours than no bird sites and typically were at southwest facing beaches. Breeding territories that were unoccupied during the non-breeding period had less available swash area, were further from nearest neighbours than year-round territories, and typically were southwest facing. No bird sites were further from nearest neighbours than occupied sites and typically were southeast facing. These differences are likely driven by social and ecological factors (i.e. foraging habitat and ecological productivity). This study has identified sites, beach types and habitat features that warrant priority protection from threats such as development, disturbance, marine pollution events and sea level rise.

Beach morphodynamic classification using high-resolution nearshore bathymetry and process-based wave modelling

Classification of beach morphodynamic state relies on accurate representation of breaking wave conditions, Hb (plus grain size and spring tidal range). Measured breaking wave data, however, are absent from all but a handful of sites worldwide. Here, we apply process-based wave modelling for propagating offshore waves to the breaking zone using high-resolution nearshore bathymetry, obtaining representative and accurate Hb values for multiple beaches at regional scale, and thereby derive meaningful morphodynamic classifications that accord with observed beach state. Ninety-five beaches on the north coast of Ireland were investigated, with observed beach types and states compared to predictions based on morphodynamic parameters determined using wave, tide and sediment data, obtained from field surveys and detailed numerical wave modelling. The coast is exposed to micro-through meso-tides (0.43–3.90 m) and low sea through high swell waves (Hb = 0.13–1.18 m) and is composed of fine to medium sand resulting in a full range of beach types (wave-dominated, tide-modified and tide-dominated) and most beach states, thereby providing a comprehensive field laboratory to undertake such a comparison. We found that modal beach types reside within their predicted Relative Tide Range (RTR) and modal beach states close to the predicted dimensionless fall velocity (Ω) range. The use of high-resolution nearshore wave modelling to determine Hb was deemed the most appropriate approach for deriving predicted beach classification. The work follows the investigation of the same coast by Jackson et al. (2005) who found shortcomings in relating beach types to breaker wave conditions. However, advances in inshore wave modelling and access to high-resolution nearshore bathymetry since then have enabled improved estimates of breaker height, producing more accurate results and enhancing previous work. The results highlight the need to obtain accurate estimates of Hb and Tp if they are to be used effectively in predicting beach parameters. This work therefore sets a precedence for other coastal sites worldwide where detailed nearshore bathymetry is available and Hb can be derived from process-based wave modelling, improving the classification and prediction of morphodynamic beach type and state.

Tourism Suitability Analysis of Dreamland Beach as Recreational Object

The research was conducted in Dreamland beach, Pecatu Village, Bali. The purpose of this research is to identify the potential and the tourism suitability index of Dreamland beach. The research was carried out from the start of January to the end of February 2021. The method used for this research is the descriptive quantitative method. Furthermore, the researcher uses the purposive sampling method to group the location into three location points. There are three points measured in the tourism suitability index, including depth, type of beach, the width of the beach, the base material of the water, slope of the beach, current velocity, brightness, beach land cover, dangerous species, and availability of freshwater. The research shows Dreamland has various potentials such as white sand, big waves, and moderate sloping cliff which enables visitors to enjoy the sunset. As a tourist destination, Dreamland is equipped with several facilities including restaurants, toilets, and kiosks. Moreover, visitors can rent umbrellas and surfing boards. Additionally, for safety purposes, there will be a lifeguard on duty. Access to Dreamland is easy, it has two parking spots. Parking spot 1 is designated for motorcycles, whereas parking spot 2 is designated for cars and buses. Based on this research, Dreamland achieved a good Tourism suitability index at 2.51 at locations 1 and 2.59 at locations 2 and 3. The parameters which act as the limiting factors are the current velocity and brightness. High-velocity current results in the mixture of sedimentation and seawater which leads to murky water, thus low visibility rate.

Tidally-Driven Gas Exchange in Beaches: Implications for Sea Turtle Nest Success

Goforth, K.M. and Carthy, R.R., 2022. Tidally-driven gas exchanges in beaches: Implications for sea turtle nest success. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(3), 523–537. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The success of individual sea turtle nests is influenced by nest location on the beach and the resulting incubation environment. Several abiotic factors affect nest incubation, and thus nest success, but tides and gas exchange are two of the most important. The effects of tides on nest success have been well documented in regard to overwash and inundation events. However, the possible effect of tidally-driven gas exchange has received little attention. The incursion and retreat of the saltwater wedge may cause substantial movement of gases through the beach during the tidal cycle. This study quantifies the differences in tidally-driven gas exchange among beach types and shoreline elevation levels. Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux was used as a means of measuring gas movement through the beach to examine tidal effects across different beach zones and among different beach types. CO2 efflux was measured throughout the tidal cycle at three distinct beaches (accreting, eroding, and nourished) at Cape San Blas, Florida. There was a general pattern of CO2 efflux rising and falling throughout the tidal cycle on each beach and a difference in the CO2 efflux observed among beaches and beach zones. Efflux patterns at the nourished and eroding beaches were similar, but the nourished beach exhibited a decreased and dampened CO2 efflux pattern throughout the course of the tidal cycle. Analyses of the hatchling turtle emergence success data from 2011 to 2014 for the three beaches found that emergence success differed among the three beaches. The highest emergence success was on the nourished beach, which exhibited a relatively consistent efflux pattern. These results suggest that tidally-driven gas exchange may have implications on nest incubation and survival and are a consideration in beach restoration management and best practices for coastline conservation.

Coast type based accuracy assessment for coastline extraction from satellite image with machine learning classifiers

Machine learning (ML) classifiers provide convenience and accuracy in coastline extraction compared to traditional methods and image processing techniques. In literature, the studies about coastline extraction with machine learning classifiers are not focused adequately on the coast types that affect the process. To eliminate this gap, machine learning classifiers were examined in terms of their accuracies on different coastal morphologies. ML classifiers were divided into 3 main groups: Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Ensemble Learning (EL) Classifiers. Within the groups, coastlines were estimated by utilizing different formulas and/or classifiers and their accuracies were examined considering different coast types. Most frequently encountered coastal types, including bedrock, beaches and artificial coasts are included in the study. Bedrock and beach type of coasts were investigated by dividing into sub-groups as shaded, unshaded bedrock coasts and silty-sandy, sandy-gravel beaches. Classifiers were observed as accurate on unshaded bedrock coasts and their results were similar. In spite of that, extraction errors were incurred on the bedrock coasts due to shadows. MLP classifiers with Linear, Logarithmic, and Tanh activation functions were the most accurate in these areas. The challenge was shallow depths and suspended solids in beach type coasts. EL classifiers and SVMs with sigmoidal kernel function were adversely affected on these areas whilst the best results were obtained by utilizing the other SVMs and MLP classifiers. On artificial coasts, successful results were obtained with all classifiers.