Beach Ball Research Articles

PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BEACH BALL (BOLA PANTAI) DALAM KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA JERMAN SISWA

This research is a classroom action research which aims to find out the planning, process, and results of beach ball learning methods in students' German speaking skills. The research data consists of two types, namely: qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data is obtained through observation, and quantitative data is obtained through the first cycle and second cycle speaking skills tests. Data were analyzed using percentage techniques. The results showed that speaking skills with the percentage of grades obtained by students in the first cycle reached 60.66%, and the second cycle reached 78.25%. These results indicate that the application of the beach ball learning method increases in students' German speaking skills

Microstructural evolutions of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder joints during thermal cycling

Temperature-induced solder joint fatigue is a main reliability concern for aerospace and military industries whose electronic equipment used in the field is required to remain functional under harsh loadings. Due to the RoHS directive which eventually will prevent lead from being utilized in electronic systems, there is a need for a better understanding of lead-free thermomechanical behavior when subjected to temperature variations. As solder joints mechanical properties are dependent of their microstructural characteristics, developing accurate solder joint fatigue models means to correctly capture the microstructural changes that undergo the solder alloy during thermal cycling. This study reports the Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joints microstructural evolution during damaging temperature cycles. Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis was conducted to assess the SAC305 microstructure corresponding to a specific damage level. Investigated microstructural features included the β-Sn grain size and crystallographic orientation, as well as the grain boundary misorientation and Ag3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) size. As-reflowed and damaged components were also mechanically characterized using nanoindentation technique. The microstructural analysis of SAC305 solder joints prior to thermal cycling showed a highly textured microstructure characteristic of hexa-cyclic twinning with two β-Sn morphologies consisting of preferentially orientated macrograins known as Kara's beach ball, along with smaller interlaced grains. The main observation is that recrystallization systematically occurred in SAC305 solder joints during thermal cycling, creating a high population of misoriented grain boundaries leading to intergranular crack initiation and propagation in the high strain regions. The recrystallization process is accompanied with a progressive loss of crystallographic texture and twinning structure. Ag3Sn IMCs coalescence is another strong indicator of SAC305 solder damage since the bigger and more spaced the IMCs are the less dislocation pinning can prevent recrystallization from occurring.

PENGARUH MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE BEACH BALL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENGANALISIS SEJARAH

The success of the process of teaching history is inseparable from the ability of teachers exercising their learning. This study menerapan model of Cooperative Learning Type Beach Ball is the right solution to overcome these things. Purpose Cooperative Learning Model application type Beach Ball is to determine the effect on the ability to analyze the history of class X IPS SMAN 2 second semester of academic year 2016/2017 Metro. The bills in this study were researchers used a quasi-experimental (Quasi Experiment), to form Nonequivalent control group design, the sample was selected using random techniques and trials conducted outside of class is class X IPS3 sample is 29 students. As for the class experiment in class X IPS1 totaling 26 students and class X control IPS2 totaling 29 students. There is a positive and significant effect on the model of Cooperative Learning type of beach ball on the ability to analyze the history of the semester students kelasX IPS SMAN 2 Metro. According to analysis findings Cooperative model learning lerning use type Beach Ball on the ability to analyze the history used positively affects the ability of class X IPS SMAN 2 Metro.

Water exit dynamics of buoyant spheres

Releasing a beach ball just under the surface of the water will result in a large and violent ``pop-up'' of the ball above the surface. Contrary to intuition, increasing the release depth sometimes results in a lower pop-up height. Experiments show that the pop-up height is directly related to the release depth, but the correlation is not always increasing. Particle image velocimetry reveals that vortical structures shed during ascent result in nonvertical trajectories that alter the pop-up height.

The weight of expectation: Implicit, rather than explicit, prior expectations drive the size-weight illusion.

In the size-weight illusion, small objects feel heavier than identically weighted larger objects. This illusion is thought to be a consequence of how one's prior expectations can influence conscious perception--lifters expect the large object to outweigh the small object and subsequently experience it as feeling lighter than they expected it to be. Here, we directly examined how a familiar object's identity can affect how heavy someone expects it to be, and how these expectations will influence subsequent perceptions of heaviness. We describe two novel weight illusions induced with familiar objects. In one condition, participants judged the weight of a set of similar-size objects with very different natural weights (a polystyrene sphere, a tennis ball, and a cricket ball), which had all been adjusted to weigh the same amount as one another. In this condition, participants experienced a small, but reliable, weight illusion, with the lightest looking ball feeling heavier than the heaviest looking ball. In the other condition, participants judged the weights of a different set of balls, which were different sizes, but similar natural weights, to one another (a golf ball, a foam soccer ball, and an inflated beach ball). Again, participants experienced a perceptual illusion, but in the opposite direction. Surprisingly, participant's perceptions matched, rather than contrasted with, their explicit expectations such that, even though they expected the golf ball to outweigh the beach ball they perceived the golf ball as feeling heavier than the beach ball. The effect of object mass appeared to dominate the effect of conscious expectations, suggesting that contrasting expectations of heaviness are not necessary to experience weight illusions and that current models of this robust perceptual effect must be revised.

Researchers Track Underwater Avalanches Like Never Before

Using beach ball–like detectors, researchers set out to determine how sediments, which could contain toxic contaminants, travel through submarine canyons to greater depths.

The The Digital Sublime of Feminine Spectacle in Busby Berkeley's "Footlight Parade" and Roy Lichtenstein's "Nudes with Beach Ball": Female Flesh Represented as Conceptualized Kinesthesia in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

The The Digital Sublime of Feminine Spectacle in Busby Berkeley's "Footlight Parade" and Roy Lichtenstein's "Nudes with Beach Ball": Female Flesh Represented as Conceptualized Kinesthesia in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

The 2013 Lushan Earthquake in China Tests Hazard Assessments

Online Material: Earthquake hazard map; figures showing geodynamic and elastic block models; and table of M s>6 earthquakes used in the study. Following the devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that ruptured the central–northern segments of the Longmenshan fault in Sichuan, China, many studies assessed its impact on other major faults in this region (e.g., Parsons et al. , 2008; Toda et al. , 2008). On 20 April 2013, the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake ruptured the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault, allowing these assessments to be tested. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake ( M w 7.9) came as a surprise, because the Longmenshan fault zone, which separates the growing Tibetan Plateau from the rigid Sichuan basin (Fig. 1), slips slowly (less than 3 mm/yr; Shen et al. , 2009); with only moderate seismicity (Burchfiel et al. , 2008; Wang et al. , 2010). The earthquake‐hazard map by the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program shows the entire Longmenshan fault zone as being relatively safe, as shown in ![Graphic][1] Figure S1 (available in the electronic supplement to this paper). Figure 1. Topography (color contours), faults (lines), and seismicity (dots) of eastern Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan basin. Gray dots, historic events; red dots, instrumentally recorded events; beach ball, fault plane solution and aftershock sequence of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are in light blue; those for the 2013 Lushan earthquake are in dark blue. Epicenters are from the China Earthquake Data Center (http://data.earthquake.cn/data, last accessed April 2013). Inset map shows the location of the map region. The same cannot be said for the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake, which occurred in the morning of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif

Fault-Plane Solution of the Earthquake of 19 March 2005 in Monatele (Cameroon)

An earthquake of magnitude Ml = 3.04 was detected on the 19 of March 2005 at 11:49:18.31 (local time) by seven broadband seismometers located around Cameroon (Central Africa). Its epicenter has been relocated and found to be in Monatele (Cameroon) with latitude 4°26.34' and longitude 10°59.62'. The fault-plane solution calculated using double couple fault-plane solutions based on P-wave polarity readings, also taking into consideration the dextral nature of the Sanaga Fault (SF) underlying this region of the epicenter, is a strike-slip fault with a normal faulting component. The beach ball representation of this fault-plane solution has strike, dip and rake values of 289, 70, -169 for the principal fault plane and 195, 80, -20 for the auxiliary fault plane.

Nucleation rates of Sn in undercooled Sn-Ag-Cu flip-chip solder joints

The nucleation of Sn from the melt in commercial SnAgCu flip chip solder joints was monitored at a number of different temperatures. Nucleation rates were estimated from measurements of nucleation times for 440 solder balls after one reflow and were found to be well epitomized by the expression I = 2 × 109 exp[(−1.6 × 105)/(T × (ΔT)2)] m−3 s−1, as per classical nucleation theory. After an additional reflow, the nucleation rates of the same 440 samples were observed to increase to I = 2 × 109 exp[(−8.9 × 104)/(T × (ΔT)2)] m−3 s−1. Thus it was shown that the expressions of classical nucleation theory well characterize nucleation kinetics for this system. These changes in nucleation kinetics were correlated with continued dissolution of Al and Ni in to the SnAgCu melt. Such increases in nucleation rates meant increases in the average solidification temperatures of the solder balls after reflow. Variations in the Sn grain morphology of the solder joints were correlated with these changes in solidification temperature, with larger Sn grains (beach ball Sn grain morphology) observed at higher solidification temperatures.

Structured spheres generated by an in-fibre fluid instability

From drug delivery to chemical and biological catalysis and cosmetics, the need for efficient fabrication pathways for particles over a wide range of sizes, from a variety of materials, and in many different structures has been well established. Here we harness the inherent scalability of fibre production and an in-fibre Plateau-Rayleigh capillary instability for the fabrication of uniformly sized, structured spherical particles spanning an exceptionally wide range of sizes: from 2 mm down to 20 nm. Thermal processing of a multimaterial fibre controllably induces the instability, resulting in a well-ordered, oriented emulsion in three dimensions. The fibre core and cladding correspond to the dispersed and continuous phases, respectively, and are both frozen in situ on cooling, after which the particles are released when needed. By arranging a variety of structures and materials in a macroscopic scaled-up model of the fibre, we produce composite, structured, spherical particles, such as core-shell particles, two-compartment 'Janus' particles, and multi-sectioned 'beach ball' particles. Moreover, producing fibres with a high density of cores allows for an unprecedented level of parallelization. In principle, 10(8) 50-nm cores may be embedded in metres-long, 1-mm-diameter fibre, which can be induced to break up simultaneously throughout its length, into uniformly sized, structured spheres.

Monkeys, beach balls, and Twinkies®: using analogies to teach enzyme kinetics

Traditionally, enzyme kinetics is taught by emphasizing the mathematics behind the kinetic equations. For example, students are shown how to derive and transform the Michaelis‐Menten equation and calculate Km, kcat, and Ki values from various plots. Many, if not most, students respond by memorizing formulas and using a “plug and chug” approach to solve kinetic problems. This is unfortunate, as the students never gain an appreciation of how the kinetic analysis relates to the catalytic mechanism. An alternative to the above method is to use analogies to emphasize the physical picture behind the mathematics. This latter method gets students out of their comfort zone by forcing them to connect the physical picture to the reaction mechanism and, ultimately, the mathematical analysis. Students gain an appreciation of where the kinetic equations come from and develop a more flexible approach to problem solving. By encouraging interaction between the students and teacher, the analogies make teaching more effective and learning more enjoyable. Monkeys eating peanuts (“peanutases”) and students opening beach ball valves (“beachballases”) are especially useful analogies for teaching concepts in enzyme kinetics, including the meaning of Km and kcat, saturation kinetics, and enzyme inhibition. As for Twinkies®, they are both a delicious snack and a great way to explain the difference between thermodynamics and kinetics.

Cyclic twin nucleation in tin-based solder alloys

The microstructure and Sn crystal orientations of lead-free solder alloys such as near-eutectic SnAgCu have a significant influence on the mechanical response of a solder joint to service conditions. Thus solidification processes were examined in SnAgCu solder joints. Distinct evidence of sixfold cyclic growth twinning of Sn during solidification from the melt was observed in Sn–Ag, SAC and Sn–Cu solders. Three orientations of Sn grains, each having a common 〈1 0 0〉 direction, were found in each of these systems, though the morphologies of these cyclic twinned microstructures differed. Analysis of dendrite arm spacing in cyclically twined structures with a beach ball morphology implies that the common 〈1 0 0〉 axis intersects with the region of the nucleation event. Models are presented for two pseudo/metastable hexagonal unit cells based upon {1 0 1} or {3 0 1} twins that introduce the cyclic twinning structure at the nucleation stage. Formation of these hexagonal unit cells may be facilitated by the presence of alloy elements. Subsequent epitaxial growth of the tetragonal unit cell on this nucleus can account for all three types of morphologies observed in microstructures of Sn-rich solder alloys.

The Effective Mass of a Ball in the Air

The air surrounding a projectile affects the projectile's motion in three very different ways: the drag force, the buoyant force, and the added mass. The added mass is an increase in the projectile's inertia from the motion of the air around it. Here we experimentally measure the added mass of a spherical projectile in air. The results agree well with the calculation of the added mass for an ideal fluid. By accounting for the added mass, high school or undergraduate students can easily measure the acceleration of gravity accurately with a beach ball projectile.

Exercise Reduces Agitation in Residents

Patrice Wendling is with the Chicago bureau of Elsevier Global Medical News. CHICAGO — A brief exercise program reduced agitated behavior in a pilot study of 50 nursing home residents with severe cognitive impairment. Other studies had already shown that exercise programs can reduce agitation and depression and improve the ability to perform activities of daily living. The current study involved 30 minutes of supervised exercise for 3 days per week for 3 weeks. Residents of locked special needs units at two nursing homes walked outdoors for 15 minutes in large groups and did 5 minutes each of weight lifting, sitting and standing, and throwing a beach ball in small groups. At baseline, the mean St. Louis Mental Status Examination score among the 50 residents was 1.45 on a 30-point scale, with 30 indicating full cognitive faculty. Mean Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) scores improved significantly from 5.8 at baseline to 4.5 post intervention on a 16-point scale, with 0 meaning no agitation, Edris Aman reported at the annual meeting of the American Geriatrics Society. Those categorized with the highest PAS scores at baseline (9.1 mean) had the largest reductions in PAS scores (to 6.1). An audience member asked how a 3-point drop in PAS score would translate clinically and if exercise influenced psychotropic use. “When you have a structured exercise program it seems like it kind of changes the way they think, especially when they interact one-on-one” said Mr. Aman, a medical student at St. Louis University School of Medicine in Missouri. “A lot of times in the locked units, a lot of the nurses leave the residents alone because it's much easier to deal with agitated patients if they're quiet, sitting alone. “I feel like the continuity, where they'd see one person 3 days a week who's talking with them, really helps the resident,” he said. Continuous activity programming, in which residents are engaged in meaningful activities such as exercise or casual conversation whenever they are in the main activity area, has been shown to reduce the number of days with agitation and psychoactive medication use and improve sleep in two dementia special care units (J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2006;7:426-31). Mr. Aman said that anecdotally, nurses reported that after a week of exercising patients who were previously up all night began sleeping through the night and remaining awake during the day. He theorized that exercise could be used at times in place of psychotropics, but said that medication use was not specifically evaluated in the study and that further research is needed. When asked how he was able to get patients with such poor mental status to exercise, Mr. Aman said that it wasn't difficult to get patients to go outdoors because they wanted to join the group, but that at times he had to passively guide a patient's arm to get them to understand a specific exercise pattern. “If you're enthusiastic and really happy they will actually do what you want,” he said. “The biggest problem I had was getting them to exercise the first time. Once they exercised once, it was easy.” Mr. Aman reported no conflicts of interest. The study was funded by a grant from the American Foundation for Aging Research. This study is good news, but hardly surprising. Exercise has other well-known positive effects on health status, including reduced falls. The normalization of the sleep-wake cycle would be a great benefit for both demented and cognitively intact patients. If facilities had the manpower and commitment to make structured, supervised exercise a priority for their residents, we would probably see improvement in the quality of life of many residents.

Implementing a Remote Laboratory Experience Into a Joint Engineering Degree Program: Aerodynamic Levitation of a Beach Ball

This paper details a successful and inexpensive implementation of a remote laboratory into a distance control systems course using readily available hardware and software. The physical experiment consists of a beach ball and a dc blower; the control objective is to make the height of the aerodynamically levitated beach ball track a reference trajectory by manipulating the voltage to the blower. MATLAB/Simulink coupled with xPC target serve as the controller platform, while microsoft netmeeting and standard Internet video conferencing equipment are used to interface the distance-learning students with the laboratory equipment. Both local students at North Carolina State University's campus in Raleigh and distance students at the University of North Carolina at Asheville completed the laboratory experiment. In a student survey, distance students participating in the lab remotely rated the experience as favorably as local students. Course grades, including the design project grade, were similar between the two groups.

Global Warming

332 Global Warming He looks up from his magazine at the beach ball globe floating near the edge of the pool. The familiar pink and blue and yellow continents painted across turquoise seas look like harmless flowers; maybe if he gets inside the globe he can figure out what’s wrong by studying the reverse sides of the cheerful landmasses. But he has to be quick before his kids start batting the ball around, so he squeezes through the plug at the top, falling down to the bottom and sprawling across the backside of the South Pole next to a dead fly. How did the fly get in here? He gets to his feet, looking up. From inside the globe, the topographies appear as flat, featureless clouds. It’s hard to breathe, and when he starts climbing up the sticky plastic sides toward Australia, he’s soon covered in sweat. It makes no difference whether he crosses an ocean or a country, there’s no breeze, no mountains, no fish or trees, only the happy whoop of distant children and the insistent hiss of air leaking from the top. maura stanton ...

Alarming Events in the Corner of Your Eye: Do They Trigger Early Saccades?

Is the eye drawn to configurations of objects in the periphery that would imply imminent danger? In three separate studies, subjects viewed color photographs that were either innocuous (e.g., a couple tossing a beach ball while a baby sat nearby in a stroller) or depicted the same objects rearranged to imply a potential for harm (e.g., couple tossing baby while beach ball lay in the stroller). The key elements in the danger scenes were fixated earlier as well as longer than the same items in control images. Low-level salience of the scenes was analyzed (according to the methods of Itti, Koch, and Niebur, 1998) and does not seem to account for the results. It is concluded that considerable configural semantic analysis occurs in the periphery; the finding extends previous research showing that individual emotionally charged objects can attract saccades (Calvo & Lang, 2004, 2005).

Song of the ICU resident

The intravenous lines slung low </br> over a broken-down chariot, </br> the effluent of a bed-ridden man </br> drained by plastic tubes </br> to the tune of sedate monitors </br> bleeping death, death. </br> In the ICU I think instead of life: </br> a pot roast, a beach ball, my wife

Attractiveness of beach ball decoys to adult Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae).

The attractiveness of inflated beach balls covered with adhesive and used as decoys to trap adult stable flies was investigated on Florida panhandle beaches. Decoys were painted either solid black, solid white, or a mixed pattern that consisted of three equally spaced white circles (20 cm diameter) on a solid black background. Another set of decoys (referred to as plain) were unpainted and retained the manufacturer's original color scheme. The plain decoy consisted of a separate blue, yellow, and red diamond-shaped panel. Each color panel was separated by a white panel of similar size and orientation. Plain decoys collected significantly (<0.05) more stable flies than other treatments but no significant difference was noted between colored panels. The mixed pattern decoy captured significantly fewer flies than the plain decoy but significantly more flies (nearly twice) when compared with solid white or black decoys. No difference in preference was observed when fly abundance on the black background was compared with that on white circles and total abundance from both areas appeared to be additive compared with either area alone. No significant differences were found in the number of flies trapped on solid white versus black decoys. When trapping efficiency was compared with Alsynite translucent fiberglass cylinders covered with adhesive-treated cellophane sheets, the decoy trap caught significantly more (>10 times) flies per square centimeter. Alsynite cylinders are considered standard tools when sampling fly populations. Adhesive-treated beach ball decoys may be an alternative method for luring stable flies away from human hosts in recreation areas, or from animals, thereby reducing biting annoyance from these pests.