Bay Area Research Articles

False Alarm Causes and Wind Field Sensitivity Analysis of a Severe Rainfall Event in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Urban Cluster

On May 11, 2022, despite the favorable upper and lower-level circulation patterns of the high-altitude trough, shear line, and southwest jet stream, the urban cluster of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area experienced light to moderate rainfall, deviating significantly from the forecasted heavy rain and local heavy rainstorm. This study explores the reasons for false alarms and predictability using ground observation data, radar data, ECMWF-ERA5 reanalysis field data, and ECMWF and CMA-TRAMS forecast data. The results indicate that the warm and moist airflow transported by the low-level jet stream was intercepted by the upstream MCS (mesoscale convective system) along the coastal area of western Guangdong, and inadequate conditions of negative vorticity dynamics led to insufficient moisture, thermodynamic, and dynamic conditions over the urban cluster, preventing the triggering of heavy precipitation. In addition, the 700 hPa westerly flow guiding the airflow and the stable low-level shear line, coupled with surface convergence lines, influenced the northward or southward movement of MCSs along the coastal and inland regions of western Guangdong. The weak and discontinuous intensity of echoes in the upstream Zhaoqing region further hindered the influence of surrounding echoes on the urban cluster. Numerical forecast models ECMWF and CMA-TRAMS overestimated the 850 hPa windspeed and 925 hPa meridional windspeed, resulting in the forecasted urban cluster experiencing heavy rain. Sensitivity tests of wind fields indicate that the 850 hPa wind field information is more sensitive to precipitation in the urban cluster. In this process, weak signal correction can be achieved in strong precipitation forecasts using the distinct signal of lower 850 hPa water vapor flux divergence compared to 925 hPa. Therefore, in the future, when the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area encounters similar warm-sector heavy rainfall events, adjustments to model forecasts can be made using specific 850 hPa elements such as wind speed, water vapor flux divergence, or specific humidity to enhance predictive accuracy.

Phytoplankton Dynamics in an Oligo-mesotrophic Environment along the Montenegrin Coast (South-East Adriatic Sea)

The dynamics of the phytoplankton community were studied along the Montenegrin coast, in the mesotrophic area of Boka Kotorska Bay and the oligotrophic coastal open sea area. This two year study investigates differences in dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages and abundances in the Bay area, which is highly impacted from the land, and the open coastal part of the Montenegrin coast, which is highly influenced by Levantine water masses but less affected by anthropogenic influence.` Regarding phytoplankton diversity, the microplankton species detected are those that prefer areas rich in inorganic nutrients, such as Chaetoceros affinis, Dactyliosolen fragilissimus, Leptocylindrus danicus, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and Thalassionema nitzschioides. These species used both new and regenerated nutrients which regenerated at each grazing level of the microbial loop and are thus made available to the primary producers. The potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. reached an abundance of 105 cells/L. Among the potentially toxic dinoflagellates, Dinophysis acuminata, D. acuta, D. caudata, D. fortii, D. tripos, Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, Phalacroma rotundatum were recorded (the abundance reached values up to 102 cells/L). The detected presence of several potentially toxic and toxic phytoplankton species warrants the need to raise awareness for the necessity of continuous monitoring activities and preventive measures.

Cities and Urbanization: Balancing the Environmental and Socioeconomic Dimensions of Sustainability

AbstractWith an increasingly urbanized world, there is an urgent need to examine how cities may evolve and achieve sustainability. This paper systematically looks at the Greater Bay Area (GBA) and the Poyang Lake Region (PLR) in China to examine the spatial processes for insights into cities and urbanization, balancing the environmental and socio‐economic dimensions. A total of 226 805 cells are analyzed to unveil the relationship between sustainability changes in 2015–2019 period and urban form indicators, considering sociodemographic variables, geographical features, and city size as control variables. Two tree‐based machine learning models (Random Forest and XGBoost) are developed. This study provides evidence that a monocentric urban form and a high share of small activity clusters are not good for sustainability. For each urban form indicator, there is a non‐linear relationship with sustainability. The results of the machine learning models reconfirm the sustainability benefits of having a strong second activity cluster comparable to the largest one. When planning cities, some forms of land use buffering are desirable. There is also support for developing relatively large activity nodes and promoting compactness in urban form. Beyond urban form characteristics, the levels of urbanization, economic development, and population are still highly relevant.

Cycling tribes: lifestyles, values, and aesthetics

ABSTRACT Popular literature (Magnusson 2012; Weiss 2010; 2012; 2013) has celebrated varying ‘bike tribes’ including road cyclists, mountain bikers, BMXers, touring riders, commuters, and urban hipsters on fixed-gear bikes. Such literature identifies how each ‘tribe’ is differentiated by habits, clothing, aesthetics, and values. With these varying cycling ‘tribes’ in mind we explore the lived experiences of road cyclists in the San Francisco Bay area of the United States as they negotiate the varying practices, rituals, meanings, and material culture that cycling offers. We engage in broader discussions within the sociology of sport regarding the utility of Maffesoli’s (1996) idea of contemporary life being characterized by ‘neotribal’ affiliations. We use ethnographic methods drawing upon both participant observations and interviews to explore the extent to which the fluidity and transience of road cycling also intersect broader structural forces, and how riders navigate their engagement with the cycling industry.

A Co-Created Tool to Help Counter Health Misinformation for Spanish-Speaking Communities in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Health misinformation, which was particularly prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, hampers public health initiatives. Spanish-speaking communities in the San Francisco Bay Area may be especially affected due to low digital health literacy and skepticism towards science and healthcare experts. Our study aims to develop a checklist to counter misinformation, grounded in community insights. We adopted a multistage approach to understanding barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Spanish-speaking populations in Alameda and San Francisco counties. Initial work included key informant and community interviews. Partnering with a community-based organization (CBO), we organized co-design workshops in July 2022 to develop a practical tool for identifying misinformation. Template analysis identified key themes for actionable steps, such as source evaluation and content assessment. From this, we developed a Spanish-language checklist. During formative interviews, misinformation was identified as a major obstacle to vaccine uptake. Three co-design workshops with 15 Spanish-speaking women resulted in a 10-step checklist for tackling health misinformation. Participants highlighted the need for scrutinizing sources and assessing messenger credibility, and cues in visual content that could instill fear. The checklist offers a pragmatic approach to source verification and information assessment, supplemented by resources from local CBOs. We have co-created a targeted checklist for Spanish-speaking communities to identify and counter health misinformation. Such specialized tools are essential for populations that are more susceptible to misinformation, enabling them to differentiate between credible and non-credible information.

Yearly population data at census tract level revealed that more people are now living in highly fire-prone zones in California, USA

In California (CA), the wildland-urban interface (WUI) faces escalating challenges due to surging population and real estate development. This study evaluates communities along CA’s WUI that have witnessed substantial population growth from 2010 to 2021, utilizing demographic data and the 2020 WUI boundaries by the University of Wisconsin-Madison SILVIS Lab. Employing the Mann-Kendall test, we analyze yearly population trends for each census tract along the CA WUI and assess their significance. House ownership, affordability, and wildfire risk are examined as potential drivers of this demographic shift. Our findings indicate that 12.7% of CA’s total population now resides in census tracts with significant population increases over the past decade, labeled as ‘high-growth tracts.’ The Bay Area and Southern California, encompassing 76% of all high-growth tracts in CA, witnessed the most substantial population increase along the WUI. Notably, Riverside County stands out with 29.2% of its residents (approximately 717,000 residents) located in high-growth tracts, exemplifying a significant population surge within CA’s WUI. Our analysis identifies a significant relationship between population increase in the WUI, house ownership, and affordability, where lower-priced homes come at the expense of heightened wildfire risk. However, the impact of house affordability on population growth within the WUI varies by region, playing a more prominent role in explaining population proportions in Southern California’s WUI, while in the universally low-affordability Bay Area, other motivations may drive residents to live within the WUI. Given the rapid growth and insufficient consideration of wildfire risk in the WUI, policymakers must take prompt action, ensuring adequate infrastructure and resources as more individuals relocate to areas with heightened wildfire risk.

Serving Alcohol to an "Obviously Intoxicated" Patron.

Alcohol overservice at on-premises establishments is associated with driving while intoxicated, violence, and other harms. This study examined rates of alcohol overservice and service refusal among licensed on-premises establishments in northern California and characteristics of establishments, servers, and pseudo-patrons (PPs) that may be associated with service refusal. In 2022, 300 licensed on-premises establishments were sampled in nine counties representing the San Francisco Bay Area. From July 2022 to January 2023, PP and observer teams visited each establishment, and PPs attempted to buy alcohol while displaying obvious signs of intoxication. The outcome of each purchase attempt; characteristics of establishments, servers, and PPs; and month, day, and time were recorded. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to address study objectives. Twenty-one percent of the establishments refused alcohol service to PPs. No establishment or server characteristics were significantly associated with service refusal in logistic regression analysis, nor were month, day, or time. However, service refusal was significantly more likely among female PPs (odds ratio = 3.71, 95% CI [1.67, 8.24], p < .01) and PPs displaying obvious or very obvious signs of intoxication (odds ratio = 9.28, 95% CI [1.99, 43.40], p < .01). There was no significant interaction effect of PP × Server Gender on the likelihood of service refusal. This study indicates that alcohol overservice to obviously intoxicated patrons remains common at licensed on-premises establishments. Mandatory responsible beverage service training of servers and enforcement of alcohol overservice laws are needed to reduce overservice and related harms.

Multi-faceted spatio-temporal network for weather-aware air traffic flow prediction in multi-airport system

As one of the core modules for air traffic flow management, Air Traffic Flow Prediction (ATFP) in the Multi-Airport System (MAS) is a prerequisite for demand and capacity balance in the complex meteorological environment. Due to the challenge of implicit interaction mechanism among traffic flow, airspace capacity and weather impact, the Weather-aware ATFP (Wa-ATFP) is still a nontrivial issue. In this paper, a novel Multi-faceted Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (MSTGCN) is proposed to address the Wa-ATFP within the complex operations of MAS. Firstly, a spatio-temporal graph is constructed with three different nodes, including airport, route, and fix to describe the topology structure of MAS. Secondly, a weather-aware multi-faceted fusion module is proposed to integrate the feature of air traffic flow and the auxiliary features of capacity and weather, which can effectively address the complex impact of severe weather, e.g., thunderstorms. Thirdly, to capture the latent connections of nodes, an adaptive graph connection constructor is designed. The experimental results with the real-world operational dataset in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China, validate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art machine-learning and deep-learning based baseline approaches in performance. The case study of convective weather scenarios further proves the adaptability of the proposed approach.

Transit-oriented development: A case study of exterior-to-interior noise control for buildings near transit and highway noise sources

A case study of acoustical design for mixed-used, transit-oriented development is presented. The project is two, six-story mixed-used residential buildings near a rapid transit station and heavily traveled elevated highway in the San Francisco Bay Area. The buildings are metal frame construction over concrete podiums. The California Building Code requires the building shell to be designed to provide interior noise from exterior noise sources not to exceed 45 dBA Ldn. Exterior noise due to trains and buses serving the transit station, and traffic on the elevated highway, required high sound attenuating windows and acoustically rated walls and roofs. Initially, none of the exterior wall assemblies included batt insulation in the stud cavities, only continuous rigid insulation behind the façade. Modeling was done to compare the exterior wall assemblies with and without batt insulation in the stud cavities combined with various window configurations. Estimates of the building shell transmission loss are presented along with a summary of noise control recommendations for building roof, windows, and doors.

‘ONE WITH THE EARTH’: Mapping Solidarities for the (Un)Queering of Space in the Black Lesbian Journal Aché, 1989–1993

AbstractThis study traces how Black lesbians in the San Francisco Bay Area made a place for themselves in the world at the end of the twentieth century, after the decline of the Black Power Movement and before the rise of the Black Lives Matter Movement. Geocoding and analyzing the content of a Black lesbian journal in the San Francisco Bay Area that had global distribution, the author examines how the placemaking of Black lesbians remade them as cultural‐political subjects, expanded their networks, and inspired them to reimagine their relations with the earth. As they crafted cultural spaces across the African diaspora, they faced threats—most notably, street violence, harsh policing and ecological degradation—yet they also experienced joyful interactions with each other, with allies and with nature. The belief grew in their cultural spaces that their liberation required world transformation and that they could change the world. This research, providing a frame for studying the interaction between the making of cultural spaces and the formation of political solidarities, contributes to urban movements research, critical environmental justice studies, and Black feminist/LGBTQ+ research.

Revisiting the sociophonetics of sexuality in spontaneous speech

This study surveys sociophonetic variation in sibilant and vowel production for 44 Bay Area English speakers. I focus on (i) whether sexual orientation is an independent predictor, or interacts with gender, and (ii) what the patterning of bi + (bisexual, pansexual, queer, etc.) and non-binary speakers adds to previous claims (e.g., Gaudio 1994, Pierrehumbert 2004, Willis 2023). All participants completed a Map Task in pairs; 37 participated in a sociolinguistic interview. Recordings were auto-transcribed, forced-aligned, and hand-checked. For /s ʃ z ʒ/, tokens under 0.05 sec, in /str/ clusters, and/or adjacent to another sibilant were excluded. Before getting COG and skew, 0.02 sec were subtracted from token edges and voicing was Hann band-filtered. For all vowels and sibilants, mean and midpoint f0 were taken, and F1-F4 for vowels (using the median of values at midpoint plus six surrounding timepoints). Results show sexual orientation alone is not a robust predictor of /s/ frontedness. Both gender and sexuality interacted with duration for /s/ frontedness and vowel f0; gender and sexuality also interacted to influence /ʃ/ frontedness and /z/ devoicing, as well as vowel space shape. These results imply that, when bi + and non-binary identities are incorporated, the phonetic indexation of sexual identity is not easily generalizable within orientation labels, at least for informal speech.

The 2023 US National Seismic Hazard Model: Ground-motion characterization for the conterminous United States

We update the ground-motion characterization for the 2023 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States. The update includes the use of new ground-motion models (GMMs) in the Cascadia subduction zone; an adjustment to the central and eastern United States (CEUS) GMMs to reduce misfits with observed data; an updated boundary for the application of GMMs for shallow, crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions (i.e. western United States (WUS)) and stable continental regions (i.e. CEUS); and the use of improved models for the site response of deep sedimentary basins in the WUS and CEUS. Site response updates include basin models for the California Great Valley and for the Portland and Tualatin basins, Oregon, as well as long-period basin effects from three-dimensional simulations in the Greater Los Angeles region and in the Seattle basin; in the CEUS, we introduce a broadband (0.01- to 10-s period) amplification model for the effects of the passive-margin basins of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains. In addition, we summarize progress on implementing rupture directivity models into seismic hazard models, although they are not incorporated in the 2023 NSHM. We implement the ground-motion characterization for the 2023 NSHM in the US Geological Survey’s code for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, nshmp-haz-v2, and present the sensitivity of hazard to these changes. Hazard calculations indicate widespread effects from adjustments to the CEUS GMMs, from the incorporation of Coastal Plain amplification effects, and from the treatment of shallow-basin and out-of-basin sites in the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles region, as well as locally important changes from subduction-zone GMMs, and from updated and new WUS basins.

Remote monitoring of water clarity in coastal oceans of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China based on machine learning

The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China, has posed an increasing threat to the health of the water environment in adjacent coastal oceans. However, the spatiotemporal variations of water clarity in the coastal oceans of the GBA (COGBA) have not been well-documented. Therefore, this study aims to develop a remote sensing retrieval algorithm for assessing water clarity, represented by Secchi disk depth (ZSD), based on Landsat-8 OLI imagery for the COGBA using a machine learning method. Cross-validation demonstrated that the algorithm performed exceptionally well, with an R2 value greater than 0.8. By applying the algorithm to 263 Landsat-8 OLI images, we obtained a time series of ZSD for the period of 2013–2021 over the COGBA. Results indicate that the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) exhibited the highest turbidity, followed by the Daya Bay and the Mirs Bay. Generally, ZSD increased from the northwest to the southeast of the COGBA. Seasonal, interannual, and long-term variations in ZSD were also observed with long-term increases in the PRE and the Daya Bay. The interannual variations in ZSD during fall were primarily regulated by different factors in each region. In the PRE, the negative effects of sediment discharge and wind speed played a significant role. In Mirs Bay, wind speed and sediment discharge had a negative impact on ZSD. In Daya Bay, precipitation and wind speed were the key factors influencing ZSD. The development and findings of our algorithm contribute to the protection and management of the water environment in the COGBA, facilitating effective governance measures.

Macao's academic book publishing industry: A SWOT and PEST analysis

AbstractMacao's academic book publishing industry has a rich history and has grown significantly over the past two decades. This study employs a semi‐structured in‐depth interview to evaluate the current and prospective state of Macao's academic book publishing industry. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis and the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis are used in this study. The strengths of Macao's academic book publishing industry include that requesting an ISBN in Macao is easy and quick under the principle of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ and financial support from the Macao SAR government. However, the industry faces several weaknesses, including an underdeveloped cultural industry, a small seller market and a talent shortage, and less copyright output. Opportunities for the industry exist through constructing a Culture‐based Bay Area in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and developing an international hub for digital trade in the Guangdong–Macao In‐Depth Cooperation Zone–Hengqin. However, Macao's academic book publishing industry is threatened by emerging Internet technologies, such as augmented reality, the metaverse, and ChatGPT. This paper also proposes strategies for future practice, such as taking the initiative to encourage a group of top‐tier publishers to establish branches in Macao and improve publications’ cultural elements. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the strategic management of Macao's academic book publishing industry and will be of interest to publishers, academic researchers, and policymakers.

Competition and Coordination: Regional Dynamics in the Rise of China’s New Energy Vehicle Industry

Studies on China’s success in the electric vehicle industry overlook the role of regional clustering and regional electric vehicle policies in supporting sustainable production and consumption. This paper adopts a mixed-method policy inventory and analysis to examine the rise of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry in China’s Greater Bay Area. It also systematically analyses the policies implemented by the central government, province, and cities in building a sustainable regional industry. A core dilemma is that cities are competing with one another for NEV development, yet regional industrial development requires coordination and cooperation. Examining the four policy areas of production, consumption, infrastructure support, and pollution suppression reveals that the competition among cities can be a driving force for the adoption of sustainable technology when supported by regional policy coordination.

Satellite Remote Sensing Shows Maintenance of Fish Pond Area Improves Persistence of Eurasian Otters in Hong Kong

Urbanization and land cover change are significantly affecting the availability of habitats for wildlife worldwide. However, linking species persistence to large-scale habitat changes is challenging, especially when wildlife monitoring data is lacking. In China, the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a species of conservation concern and is listed as endangered as a consequence of declining populations across the country. Hong Kong is home to a small population of Eurasian otters, which are primarily restricted to a set of wetlands in the inner Deep Bay area. However, the drivers of their historical distribution changes are largely unknown. We combined otter spraint data from 2018 to 2019 with historical records of otter data spanning 1959–2018 to examine otter habitat preference and changes in their distribution, relating this with land cover changes measured by Landsat-5 and Landsat-8 satellite remote sensing in the past (1986 and 1995) and present (2018) using supervised random forest classification. We found that otters showed habitat preference for fish ponds and watercourses, and persisted in areas where fish pond area was more readily available. We also found no significant effect of the extent of land cover changes on otter persistence, suggesting that the species is resilient to some level of fish pond loss and find value in available terrestrial habitats. Our results demonstrate the utility of relating satellite remote sensing data to species distribution data over decadal time scales and highlight the importance of managing terrestrial and wetland habitats for otters and other key species in increasingly urbanized landscapes.

Research on the Digital Transformation of the Whole Industry Chain of Guangdong Supply and Marketing Cooperative

Guangdong Supply and Marketing Cooperative serves as an important institution for the “Three Rural Areas” in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Its digital transformation and optimization serve as powerful supports for rural revitalization. This paper systematically reviews the main practices and effectiveness of the digital transformation within the Guangdong Supply and Marketing Cooperative. It also analyzes the current development dilemmas faced in the construction of digital supply and marketing. Additionally, it proposes targeted solutions, including building a big data resource base, optimizing the digital supply and marketing cloud platform, developing digital public-type agricultural social service applications, establishing a new model of rural e-commerce, enhancing the traceability management system for agricultural products, and strengthening the construction of the digital human resources system. These proposals aim to further promote the strategy for revitalizing the countryside.

Assessment of Fish Species in Wanlv Lake, the Largest Drinking Water Source in South China, by Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Technology

As the largest lake in South China, Wanlv Lake is also an important drinking water source for Guangdong and Hong Kong and is responsible for water supplying of more than 40 million people in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The study of fish diversity in Wanlv Lake can help us to effectively understand the changes and states of its aquatic ecosystem and provide scientific basis for natural ecological protection, biodiversity, sustainable use and scientific management of fishery resources. However, research on the lake’s fish is scarce. The high throughput environmental DNA metabarcoding technology (eDNA technology) of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequence was herein used to conduct a preliminary exploration of Wanlv Lake fish diversity. A total of 10 sampling sites were set up to monitor fish diversity and analyze the composition and richness of the species. The results revealed a total of 83 genera in 42 families and 17 orders of fish in the lake, with the highest proportion found in Cypriniformes (38 species), accounting for 45.24% of the total. Five alien species and eight rare and endangered species were also detected. The proportion of invasive species was 5.95%, and the combined proportion of rare and endangered species was 9.52%. The results indicated that Wanlv Lake serves as an important drinking water source, and overall, the condition of fish is satisfactory. However, proactive measures should be implemented to control the overpopulation of invasive species, as their unchecked proliferation may lead to a decline in species abundance, particularly among endangered species. This was the first overall assessment report on fish of the Wanlv Lake via 12S rRNA; the results herein lay a foundation for water quality assessment of Wanlv Lake as a drinking water source.

Spatial variation of net methane uptake in Arctic and subarctic drylands of Canada and Greenland

The importance of uptake of atmospheric methane (CH4) in dry Arctic soils for the total Arctic CH4 budget is unresolved. This is partly due to lack of data on the spatial variability of net CH4 consumption and understanding of the main process drivers. We measured net CH4 consumption in Arctic and subarctic landscapes located in in Disko Bay Area and Kangerlussuaq in Western Greenland and in the St. Elias Range in the Yukon, Canada, respectively. Our aim was to characterize the in situ spatial variability of net CH4 uptake in hitherto unexplored Arctic dry upland soils to explore possible limits and environmental drivers across the Arctic geodiversity. Furthermore, we sampled soil for incubation experiments to investigate how net CH4 oxidation responded to changes in soil moisture in contrasting geomorphic settings and parent geological parent materials. We used a laser-based fast deployable chamber system for flux measurements. All studied sites were net sinks of atmospheric CH4 with an average flux −7.5 ± 5.6 μmol CH4 m-2h−1, that are in the upper range of reported net CH4 uptake fluxes in similar soils of the Arctic. The large observed spatial variability within all studied sites (coefficient of variation 50 – 120 %) highlights the need for careful research design allowing for many spatial replicates to achieve representative values. Sites with an active geomorphic environment (abrasion plateau, riverbeds, mountain tops) generally had lower than average net CH4 uptake. Our incubation studies revealed that subsurface CH4 oxidation is the main driver of net surface-atmosphere exchange and that net CH4 oxidation in these layers responded more to changes to soil moisture than in near surface layers. Our study shows surprisingly similar flux magnitudes of net CH4 uptake across widely different landscape forms and geologic parent material, but responding similarly to soil hydrology and geomorphic disturbance, indicating global controls on the net CH4 oxidation in these dry upland environments.

Research on the Enhancement of Technological Innovation Ability in Greater Bay Area By Computer Science and Technology Talent Resource Sharing

The Greater Bay Area Science and technology talent Pool system developed in this paper is a Web database system, its purpose is to realize the sharing of science and technology talent resources in the Greater Bay Area. Improve the efficiency and informatization of scientific and technological personnel management. Using JAVA based JSP, Java Servlet, Java Bean and JDBC technology, the separation of application presentation layer, application layer and data layer is realized. This system uses the "connection buffer pool" technology to improve the efficiency of database access.