Bawean Island Research Articles

IMPORTANCE OF UPDATING FOR MONTHLY RAINFALL PREDICTION BASED ON ECMWFs4

<em>There is uniqueness in climate services in East Java. Rainfall information is delivered as N-1 analysis for ongoing months N+1, N+2, and N+3 for monthly prediction. This study aims to investigate whether updating monthly predictions improves prediction accuracy. The verification method for this study is based on the percentage accuracy of the rain class category according to SNI 8196: 2015. The data used for this study is ECMWF's monthly rainfall prediction that has three lags system (1, 2, and 3). Rasters of monthly rainfall interpolation from the main rainfall observation (197 locations) in East Java from April 2015 to May 2020 (62 months) are used for the verification process. The temporal and spatial analysis then conducted using R (+ package raster). Studies based on the local governmental zone are also used. In general, the result shows that almost all months need updating, except April-September-October. Verification of ECMWFs4 shows a better verification result (0,56) in the past five years (2016-2020) for March. The regions that need monthly updating are Bawean island, the coast of Gresik, Pasuruan, and Banyuwangi</em>

DIGITAL MARKETING FOR ACCOMMODATION SERVICE BUSINESSES IN BAWEAN ISLAND, GRESIK

Background: The success of developing a tourist village starts from the accommodation manager at a tourist site and depends on the level of acceptance and support of the local community. Local communities will later act as hosts and become important actors in the development of tourist villages in all stages, starting from planning, monitoring, and implementation so that their success will also be enjoyed with a multiplier effect on the surrounding community. However, tourists often do not get information because of the lack of promotion in the media about the condition of the tourist area and also the readiness of accommodation. Objective: To provide digital marketing training for accommodation service businesses on Bawean Island. Methods: The method used is training and mentoring related to what digital marketing is, the urgency of using digital marketing, how to compose interesting content, execution of social media usage and also making attractive social media layouts. Results: The result of this activity is the implementation of digital marketing in the partner accommodation business. This activity was also accompanied by the creation of a film concept about the activities of the community community in Bawean Island which was accurate. Conclusion: the community, in this case the business actors, is still traditional. They still really need information and knowledge about digital marketing promotion efforts. Therefore, this tourism training activity is important so that the knowledge and skills of the tourism business community will increase.

Analysis of Potential Landslide Areas Using Geoelectric Methods of Resistivity in The Kastoba Lake, Bawean Island, Indonesia

Kastoba Lake in Bawean Island Indonesia is a tourist attraction that has a level of vulnerability in landslide disasters. The landslides has been happen. From the large and small scale in the Kastoba Lake. Base on the problem, the landslides occured due to the field of derailment. According to the above statement, it was necessary to know the subsurface structure and the field of avalanche derailment in the kastoba lake area. This data was allowed by geophysical resistivity method which a dipole-dipole configuration with 4 measurement points. The acquisition of data was based on preliminary studies from the analysis of landslide vulnerability level maps (DEM Alos data processing) that have been done first. The results of lithological analysis with geoelectric resistivity methods in this research obtained three layers of subsurface structure, namely top soil (top layer) with a resistivity value of 7-110 Ωm, clay (middle layer) which was a resistivity value of 110-210 Ωm and lava (bottommost layer) which was a resistivity value of 210-357 Ωm. The field of gelincir in the research area was on the top layer of soil composed of weathering of rocks mixed with organic material or leaf/tree decay with an average depth of 7.25 meters. Thus, this research can be one of the parameters of landslide disaster mitigation in the development of geotourism in Kastoba Lake

Performance Optimization of Power Plant Waste Heat Using H2O-LiBr Absorption Refrigerant System

This paper examines the use of waste energy in a 3x1 MW Gas Engine Power Plant (GEPP) on Bawean Island, Indonesia. The feasibility method uses water-lithium bromide (H2O-LiBr) technology as absorption refrigeration technology. In addition, bananas are also used for cold storage to overcome waste energy utilization. The cold storage is placed in the 300 m3 area with a 100 kg load capacity for a banana with a temperature of 5oC, 85% humidity, 24 hours of operation, 1292 W cooling load, and 371 TR. This system is used because it utilizes a cheap energy source that dissipates heat from gas and has no ecological hazards, such as ozone layer depletion and global warming. The exhaust gas temperature is 500oC. Moreover, cooling loads for cold storage, which are used with thermodynamic models, and consistent fluid properties, performance, and size of cold storage were also investigated. The results obtained show that higher cold storage output comes from internal factors as compared to external factors. In addition, the absorption refrigerant with Tevaporation is 5oC, capacity 403 TR and Qabsorption is 984 kW, Qgenerator is 1066 kW, Qevaporation is 1411 kW, Qcondenser is 1493 kW, with an absorption coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.32 and power consumption of 158,25 kW. Furthermore, after calculations, analysis, and field experiments, it shows that the internal factor of the cooling load is higher than the external factor sourced from bananas in the cold storage. This phenomenon occurs probably due to the product being refrigerated, following the soar cooling capacity. Thus, the waste energy in PLTGU 3x1 MW has tried to be utilized by the refrigerant absorption system.

Investigation of the Tidal Character in Bawean Island East Java Using Admiralty Method

Bawean Island is one of the islands in Gresik Regency, East Java, where almost all its territory is a coastal environment. This region's tidal oceanographic condition is critical because this area has a lot of potential for marine tourism and relatively shallow waters. This study aims to determine the tidal characteristics in the waters of Bawean Island, East Java, using the Admiralty method. This method was chosen because it can calculate the tidal component with only 15 days of data and can be used in various water conditions. The data used is tidal data from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) on November 1-15, 2020. From this research, it can be concluded that tidal analysis using the Admiralty method produces nine components, including M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, P1, M4, MS4, and K2. The four components determine the type of tide, namely O1, K1, M2, and S2, with amplitude values of 11.79347, 30.14857, 55.72241, and 63.69851. The calculation with the Formzahl number equation yields a value of 0.3512 (0.25 <F <1.5), which means that the tidal type in Bawean Island, East Java, has a mixed type with a semidiurnal tendency (double daily).

Factors affecting stunted growth in children aged 6-24 months in Bawean Island, Indonesia

Background: Stunted is defined as a condition where body length and height are less than -2 SD of the WHO height-for-age z score. The number of stunted children worldwide reaches 129 million or 23.8% of the population. This study aims to scrutinize the factors affecting stunted growth in children aged 6-24 months old in Sangkapura district, Bawean.
 Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study in Bawean island, involving children aged 6-24 months old who came to posyandu for height measurement. The purposive sampling technique was used in the study, in which the samples filled a questionnaire consisting of several questions. The data analyses presented are univariate analysis, Chi-Square, and Binary Regression Analysis. 
 Results: The analysis results showed that the factors affecting stunted growth in toddlers are birth weight (<2500 grams), gestational age (<37 weeks), exclusive breastfeeding, and weaning foods. If the baby’s birth weight is less than 2500 grams, is born before week 37 of pregnancy, does not get exclusive breastfeeding, and is given homemade weaning foods, the possibility of the baby being stunted is 91.5%.
 Conclusion: Several factors affect stunted growth in children aged 6-24 months old in Bawean island. Children who experience all of the factors mentioned above have a 91.5% possibility of being stunted. Among the other factors, babies not exclusively breastfed are 190,019 times more likely to be stunted.

The use of magnetic data from swarm satellite as an efforts to estimate the potential of iron sand in the south Bawean Island area

This study describes the use of magnetic data obtained through the Swarm satellite and launched by the Europan space agency to estimate iron sand deposits in the southern part of Bawean Island, Gresik Regency. Data processing in this study was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Oasis Montaj software. The interpretation process in this study was carried out in two stages, namely the qualitative interpretation stage using contour residual anomaly maps and quantitative interpretation using 2D and 3D modeling. The interpretation results show that the aeromagnetic data used can be used as initial data in estimating sand deposits in the southern part of Bawean Island, Gresik Regency.

DIVERSITY OF THE CLOSED-NESTED HONEY BEES (APIDAE: APIS SPP.) AND THE TRADITIONAL HONEY COLLECTING AND BEEKEEPING IN FOUR ISLANDS OF INDONESIA

The closed-nested honey bees are an important group that has been successfully bred traditionally and in a modern way. The traditional honey beekeeping practices are still favorable by local people living near natural habitats. Many rural areas in Indonesia are well known as producers of honey from the traditional honey collecting and traditional honey beekeeping of the closed-nested honey bees. However, there is limited information on the diversity of the honey bees that had supported the honey productions and their traditional honey beekeeping. This research was to provide an overview of the diversity of the honey bee species that are used in the wild honey collecting and their traditional honey beekeeping in four selected study sites in the islands of Java, Bawean, Kalimantan, and Peleng. We recorded three species of closed-nested native honey bees in the traditional honey collecting and traditional honey beekeeping, namely Apis cerana, A. koschevnikovi, and A. nigrocincta. We observed that traditional beekeeping of A. cerana was carried out in Tasikmalaya and Bawean Island, and that of A. cerana and A. koschevnikovi were carried out in Kayan Hilir. On Peleng Island, people do not do beekeeping but collect honey directly from the forest. Honey collecting and beekeeping practices are related to changes in the seasons of the flowering period in their habitats. The knowledge of the flowering period is needed to know the seasonal movement of honey bees from forest to village and vice versa.

Clarias batrachus linnaeus, 1758 (siluriformes, clariidae): new records of threatened catfish from Bawean Island, Indonesia

Clarias batrachus Linnaeus, 1758 is one of catfish in Indonesia. The spread of Clarias batrachus in Indonesia have generally in mainland of Sumatra, Borneo and Java. In 2019 we report for the first time the presence of C. batrachus on Bawean, a small, isolated island, conservation area in the middle of Java Sea. A description of morphological characters of a specimen are provided. Presence of C. batrachus on Bawean Island caused by the geographical reason and human introduction factors.

Modelling sea surface currents in the eastern coast of Bawean Island, East Java

Bawean Island is located in the middle of the Java Sea, approximately 80 km north of Gresik Regency, East Java Province. The coastal area of Bawean Island is famous for its potential as a marine tourism area because it has a well-preserved coral reef ecosystem. The potential for tourism development on this island requires the support of environmental suitability. The dynamics of ocean currents as an important parameter for small island development is important to be analyzed. This study aims to determine the characteristics of currents in the eastern coast of Bawean Island through the hydro-oceanographic model. The data used in this modelling was hourly wind and tide data from the period of 2020-2021. The results showed that the velocity of surface current speed in the study area was weak (<0,5 m/s). There was a significant difference of current direction during the west monsoon season and the first transitional season. Validation of model simulation and ADCP measurements produce MAE values 0,014 and 0,035 as well as MAPE values 12,75% and 27,48%.

The assessment of benthic ecosystems and substrate profile of Bawean Island East Java Province

Bawean Island is located 80 km north of the East Java mainland. This island is known to have a natural coral reef ecosystem that is still preserved. However, the condition of the coral reefs on the island has not been widely studied and documented. This study aims to determine in detail the substrate profile and to analyze the condition of the coral reefs that are scattered along the coast of Bawean Island. Profiling of the bottom substrate and benthic habitat was carried out using the Line Intercept Transect method at 14 dive points. Furthermore, the percentage of coral coverage and other types of substrates is calculated. The results showed that in general the condition of coral reefs in Bawean Island was in the range of poor to good conditions (% living coral cover <25% - 74%). However, the condition of coral reefs and benthic habitats on Bawean Island is threatened by sea sand mining and the use of destructive fishing method. Based on the condition of the coral reefs, the waters of Bawean Island was recommended as one of the marine protected areas in East Java.

Seagrass Vegetation Analysis in Jhembengan and Pasir Putih Beach, Bawean Island, East Java

Seagrass is a flowering plant that lives in coastal areas In Indonesia there are 12 species, where seagrasses are able to live at a depth of 1-90 meters, seagrass growth is influenced by several factors including the intensity of sunlight. The purpose of this study was to observe the cover, distribution, Importance Value Index (IVI) and correlation of abiotic factors with seagrass in Jhembangan Beach and White Sand on Bawean Island, East Java. The quadratic transect with 50 m length was used. Each station equipped with 3 transects with a distance of 25 m. The data collected includes the parameter of type, stand, and water quality. The data analyze use Past Program 3.15 systems. Three species of seagrass plant were collected. The total seagrass cover value was 32.6 percent at Jhembangan Beach, and 38 percent at Pasir Putih Beach. Clumped and uniform types were included in the distribution of seagrass at Jhembangan and Pasir Putih beach. The highest of important value index In Jhembangan and Pasir Putih was Thallasia hemprichii, while the association to abiotic factor such temperature, pH, salinity and DO variables are included in the good or perfect correlation with values range from 0.7 to 0.9.

Lesson Study for Learning Community to Support Creative Teachers in Designing Quality Learning: Lesson Study Practices on Bawean Island, Gresik Regency

This study aims to describe the implementation of LSLC (Lesson Study for Learning Community) which was carried out on a remote island. The subjects in this study were 29 teachers of MTs (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) and MA (Madrasah Aliyah) Penaber on the island of Bawean Gresik. To find out the impact of LSLC on increasing teacher creativity in developing quality learning tools, an LSLC product analysis was carried out in the form of chapters and lesson designs. Quantitative data from the pre-test and post-test results are also used as a comparison of the impact of increasing teacher understanding of the LSLC principle. Based on this study, it was found that LSLC activities were able to increase teacher creativity in designing quality learning. Learning that focuses on efforts to solve student problems in learning. Learning that emphasizes how learning can grow students' abilities in critical thinking, creative, collaborative and communication. During the implementation of LSLC, it also has an impact on increasing the positive attitude of teachers as well as communication and collaboration skills. The quantitative data analysis also shows that during the implementation of the LSLC there is an influence on the teacher's understanding of the LSLC principles.

Investigation of Early Marriage: A Phenomenology Study in the Society of Bawean Island, Indonesia

The research aimed to interpret the perceptions of early marriage, the union of two people in which one or both are under 18 years of age, through a phenomenological approach. The analysis was performed using observation techniques along with participation in in-depth interviews supported with an inductive approach of documentation analysis. The results showed that the society in Bawean Island, Indonesia, perceived the need for early marriage of 15-16 years old girls as matchmaking, avoidance of the social sanction of fornication and out-of-wedlock pregnancy, and as an economical solution for parents to shift responsibility. The results further showed that matchmaking and the avoidance of fornication are significant motivators for early marriage. Also, it was found that early marriages caused adverse effects on the wife, husband, and children. The effects are related to cases of pregnancy complication for the wife and psychological stress for the husband. The effect on children born of the early marriage is mainly neonatal infant mortality. The solutions offered to support the population development target and decrease early marriage numbers are to improve access to health facilities and information for women, and overcome cultural and social norms by discussing the impacts of early marriage with social and religious figures and stakeholders. The research can be used by the National Population and Family Planning Board (Indonesia) to decrease the number of early marriages in society.

Bawean Island Community Survival Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemics

This study aims to examine the strategies and actions of the people of Bawean Island in meeting food needs during the COVID-19 pandemic by using Max Weber’s theory of action. Extracting information was carried out using participatory observation techniques and in-depth interviews and was supported by documentation and analysis using inductive use. The results showed that there were two strategies and actions, namely: saving on food needs and limiting household expenses. Saving on food needs is done by changing the consumption pattern of side dishes. People are looking for replacement side dishes, for example; People who are accustomed to consuming fresh sea fish for a week in a row, have started to replace them with tofu, tempeh and rencek fish. The savings were made because during the pandemic, the traffic flow from Bawean Island to Java (Gresik) was not smooth, causing foodstuffs to increase in price and scarcity. Restrictions on household expenditure are carried out by reducing household spending and only focusing on spending on food, health, electricity and fuel oil needs. These two strategies can save household food and shopping needs, before the pandemic it was usually IDR 150,000 to IDR 70,000-80,000 per day. Furthermore, the actions taken by the people of Bawean Island, namely continuing to work at the main job and working side jobs to increase income. People who choose to keep working in the main job feel that they cannot do anything other than survive in this job, this is done by many furniture traders and entrepreneurs who in the end, because there are no customers, are forced to use their savings for their daily needs. People who choose to work side-by-side are more based because they do not have savings funds and have to increase their income, the people who work a lot on the side in this research are the fishermen.

PEMANFAATAN ALAT TANGKAP IKAN TRADISIONAL OLEH NELAYAN PULAU BAWEAN KABUPATEN GRESIK

Bawean Island is located in the middle of the Java Sea, about 150 km north of Gresik. The name Bawean was taken from the Sanskrit which means there is sunlight. The Bawean people are acculturation from several ethnic groups of Java, Madura, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatera including their culture and language. The majority of Bawean residents work as fishermen. Bawean Island fishermen utilize marine resources to meet the needs of their family by using knowledge that has been obtained from previous generations. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of traditional fishing gear and fishing strategies used by fishing communities in Bawean Island. The research method used was direct observation, and sampling using Purposive Sampling and Snowball Sampling. The results showed that the fishing gears used by Bawean Island fishermen were kareket (waring), pajeng (payang), jhering cursor (ring net), rompon (bubu), jhering pemhir (drift gill net), payimbek rentengan (drag fishing), gerany Panyimbek (drag fishing line), panceng (fishing line). These fishing gears are very environmentally friendly because the usage does not damage the seabed ecosystem. Each fishing gear has its own characteristics, so that different fishing gear will result in different fishing catch

PERFORMANCE OF MINI PURSE SEINE AND CANTRANG IN COASTAL FISHERY PORT (PPP) TASIK AGUNG, REMBANG REGENCY

The fishing gear that is mostly used by fishermen at the Coastal Fishery Port (PPP) Tasik Agung, RembangRegency are mini purse seines and cantrangs. The fishing effort using fishing gear has a positive impact on the welfare of local fishermen. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of purse seine and cantrang fishing gear at PPP Tasik Agung, Rembang Regency based on specifications, fishing area and fishing season. Data collection was carried out through a survey method. The selection of fishermen as examples is carried out by accidental sampling to respondents who are deemed worthy of being accepted as sources of data/information. Processing and data analysis is done by using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the specifications of the mini purse seine fishing gear which are commonly used by fishermen with a fishing fleet of motor boats with a size of 11-20 GT generally have a length from the tip of the left wing to the tip of the right wing of about 250 m, while for ships with a size of 20-30 GT using mini purse seine fishing gear with a length of 360 m. Cantrang nets have different sections, where each section has a thread size, eye size, number of meshes, and rope size and length. Fishing operations in the waters of the Java Sea to the waters of Bawean Island (12 miles to the west and north from the coast of Bawean and Karimun Jawa) to the waters of Kalimantan. The peaks of the cantrang and mini purse seine fishing gear are different.Keywords: Cantrang, Catching season, Mini purse seine, PPP Tasik Agung

PERFORMANCE OF MINI PURSE SEINE AND CANTRANG IN COASTAL FISHERY PORT (PPP) TASIK AGUNG, REMBANG REGENCY

The fishing gear that is mostly used by fishermen at the Coastal Fishery Port (PPP) Tasik Agung, RembangRegency are mini purse seines and cantrangs. The fishing effort using fishing gear has a positive impact on the welfare of local fishermen. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of purse seine and cantrang fishing gear at PPP Tasik Agung, Rembang Regency based on specifications, fishing area and fishing season. Data collection was carried out through a survey method. The selection of fishermen as examples is carried out by accidental sampling to respondents who are deemed worthy of being accepted as sources of data/information. Processing and data analysis is done by using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the specifications of the mini purse seine fishing gear which are commonly used by fishermen with a fishing fleet of motor boats with a size of 11-20 GT generally have a length from the tip of the left wing to the tip of the right wing of about 250 m, while for ships with a size of 20-30 GT using mini purse seine fishing gear with a length of 360 m. Cantrang nets have different sections, where each section has a thread size, eye size, number of meshes, and rope size and length. Fishing operations in the waters of the Java Sea to the waters of Bawean Island (12 miles to the west and north from the coast of Bawean and Karimun Jawa) to the waters of Kalimantan. The peaks of the cantrang and mini purse seine fishing gear are different.Keywords: Cantrang, Catching season, Mini purse seine, PPP Tasik Agung

PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DAERAH TERPENCIL MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGEMBANGAN KONTEN E-LEARNING

This Community Service activity was backgrounded by three things namely 1) obtained SPADA Grant for the development and impelementation of online learning in 2018; 2) the results of evaluation of devotion activities in 2018 and 2019 namely 80% of teachers understand mobile learning based on Augmented Reality; 3) the fact that there is a gap in the quality of education that occurs in remote areas with urban areas, so it is necessary to increase the competence of teachers in terms of learning innovation through the development of e-learning content for teachers in remote areas of Bawean Island located 80 miles or 135 km north of Java island. The geographical location and transport conditions connecting Bawean island with Gresik are the main obstacles for teachers on Bawean island to keep up with the development of science and technology.This Community Service Program was implemented through the stage of Strengthening the concept of e-learning followed by needs analysis workshop, e-learning system design workshop, e-learning content development workshop, Upload development results to LMS system, then implementation with assistance from the service team and continued implementation independently by the school. The result of this activity were 1) increased teacher understanding of e-learning and examples of its implementation; 2) produced an e-learning design consisting of the design of the materials of each meeting, video tutorials, discussion activities for students, and evaluation tools; 3) teachers are able to implement e-learning independently.

Range expansion of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeys, 1758) (Perciformes, Chichlidae) in Java Sea and first record for Masalembo Island

Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) is native to Africa, with introductions reported from Bawean Island and Kangean Island, Java Sea (Indonesia). In 2019, four specimens of O. niloticus were captured from an estuary (conservation area) on Masalembo Island. This record is among the first of this species from the middle of the Java Sea. A description of morphological characters of the specimens are provided.