Bawean Island Research Articles

Employability on vocational high school students in the ”3T” area Bawean Island

Vocational high schools in ”3T” area on Bawean Island have limitations in human resources quality, equipment, production or practice tools, and industrial partnership, which differed from the vocational high schools located in advanced and developed areas. This research objective is to discover the description of employability to the vocational high school students in ”3T” area in Bawean island. The research method applied was the qualitative method using the phenomenology approach. The data collection was obtained through semi-structured interviews. This research participant was eight students at vocational high school "X," "Y," "Z," and "W" schools in Bawean Island, which is one of the ”3T” area. The analysis method in this research was content analysis. This research result shows that students in the ”3T” area were showing their effort to prepare themselves in facing the job market by enhancing their employability in learning activities within the class or practice in the laboratory. The students' employability includes skills, knowledge, comprehension, personality, career identity, social and human relations, and personal adaptability. Students realize that they are in the "3T" area and must work harder to improve their work skills so as not to lose their jobs.

The Impact Of Sea Sand Mining On The Environment And Economy In Bawean Island

This study analyzes the impact of sea sand mining on the environment and local economy in Bawean Island. Located in the Java Sea and part of Gresik Regency, East Java Province, Bawean Island is renowned for its biodiversity and natural beauty. Both legal and illegal sea sand mining have caused various problems, including increased coastal abrasion and erosion, degradation of seawater quality, damage to coral reef ecosystems and mangrove forests, and beach pollution. The economic impacts include a decline in fish catches, reduced tourism appeal, and social conflicts between pro-environment communities and mining parties. The research methodology used is qualitative descriptive, employing literature review for data collection. The findings indicate that sea sand mining results in serious ecosystem damage and adversely affects the economic well-being of local communities. To address these issues, recommended measures include reviewing local regulations, reassessing environmental permits, revoking non-compliant mining licenses, developing alternative economies, planting mangroves, promoting the benefits of mangroves, and adopting an interagency approach. This study emphasizes the importance of sustainable natural resource management and marine ecosystem protection to ensure the well-being of Bawean Island's communities.

The relationship between habitat quality and the diversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nekton in mangrove ecosystems of Bawean Island, Indonesia

Abstract. Retnaningdyah C, Arisoesilaningsih E, Vidayanti V, Salsabila Q, Purnomo P. 2024. The relationship between habitat quality and the diversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nekton in mangrove ecosystems of Bawean Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3017-3026. Mangrove ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact with each other to form a food chain. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nekton and water quality, human activities, and carbon stock in the mangrove ecosystem in Bawean Island. Data was collected from 11 sampling locations across the island. At each location, we observed the diversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nekton and carbon stock of mangroves along with data of water quality (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen/DO, biochemical oxygen demand/BOD, nitrate, orthophosphate, dihydrogen sulfide/H2S, dissolved lead/Pb) and human activities based on the hemeroby index. The research results showed that the level of DO, H2S, nitrate, and orthophosphate did not meet the quality standard according to the Indonesian government. The level of disturbance from human activities varied from ?-mesoherobic to metahemerobic categories. Human activities and higher levels of H2S in waters had a negative relationship with mangrove ecosystem carbon stock and the diversity and taxa richness of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nekton. Phytoplankton diversity had a positive relationship with zooplankton, while zooplankton diversity had a positive relationship with nekton. High carbon stock in the mangrove ecosystem will likely increase the diversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nekton. The result of this study implies that anthropogenic activities need to be controlled to improve the Bawean Island mangrove ecosystem services.

The Fertility in Child Marriage Families: In-Depth Investigation in Indonesia

Fertility is a primary determinant of population growth rate. Theoretically, child marriage families have a higher chance of fertility. Accordingly, this study aims to comprehend the interpretation of fertility among the family from child marriage. The interpretation of fertility was observed in depth using phenomenology (causal motives) through data collection and analysis. The research participants were married women who had children or were 16 years old or younger and did not yet have a child. The analysis results indicate that child marriage families interpret fertility as a burden, marriage reinforcement, and investment. The families from child marriage are motivated to have fewer children and space them out in terms of age. It is important to note that no child-free doctrine was discovered, as it goes against Islamic principles. Additionally, having children is believed to improve marital relations within the child marriage community on Bawean Island. Children are often viewed as an economic investment and a guarantee for future parental care. Child marriage on Bawean Island did not have a discernible impact on the population growth rate.

Systematic Analysis of Potential Marine Renewable Energy for Coastal Ecological Balance on Bawean Island: A Review

Systematic Analysis of Potential Marine Renewable Energy for Coastal Ecological Balance on Bawean Island: A Review

Integrated Analysis by Geophysical and Spatial Data to Identify the Formation of Kepuhlegundi Hot Spring on Bawean Island

Bawean Island is a~result of volcanic activity in the back-arc volcanism zone located on the north side of Java Island. Bawean Island was formed due to the geological structure being controlled by the Paleogene-Neogene tectonic line in the Meratus Pattern. The mantle tearing resulted in the formation of the Bawean Arc. The Kepuhlegundi Hot Spring is a~component of the volcanism product on Bawean Island. To analyze the formation of hot springs in more detail, we conducted magnetic method measurements and integrated the data with gravity satellite and Fault Fracture Density (FFD) methods. The three methods were used to determine the continuity of the mapped geological structures surrounding the hot springs. The FFD method can be used to map the weak zone of the hot spring, which is caused by the lineament surrounding it. The magnetic and gravity methods reveal anomalous contrasts that extend towards the hot springs in the direction of the structure. The magnetic and gravity methods reveal anomalous contrasts that extend towards the hot springs in the direction of the structure. Based on regional anomaly analysis, spectrum analysis indicates that the structure is located at a~shallow depth of 15 to 80 meters. The drawing in each method shows a~dominant orientation in the Northeast-Southwest direction, which corresponds to the orientation of the Meratus Structure Pattern. Kepuhlegundi Hot Spring is formed due to the control of geological structures, allowing hot fluids to flow through fractures as an aquifer.

Evaluation of Mangrove Ecosystem Quality in Bawean Island, East Java Using Phytoplankton as Bioindicators

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research Highlights from this results research: Restoration is a method to restore degraded mangrove ecosystems The success of restoration is measured by improvements in ecosystem services such as water quality, mangrove diversity, phytoplankton community structure and diversity Phytoplankton as bioindicator of water quality Anthropogenic activities are the main factor causing degradation of mangrove ecosystems Abstract The mangrove ecosystems in Bawean Island are degraded due to anthropogenic activities and land conversion. Plantation has carried out periodic which was continued in several mangrove ecosystems. This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical water quality of several mangrove ecosystems in Bawean Island, and phytoplankton as bioindicators. The evaluation of mangroves in Bawean Island was carried out at 11 locations based on different naturalness and human activities surrounding. The physical and chemical parameters of water observed were air temperature, water temperature, pH, TSS, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), salinity, conductivity, nitrate, and orthophosphate. Community structure and plankton diversity measured include the Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Simpson dominance index (Id), evenness index (E), trophic diatom index (TDI), and pollution tolerant value (% PTV). The physical parameters of water chemistry show that it meets the quality standards based on Indonesian Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 except for nitrate and orthophosphate, but it is still under plankton tolerant. A total of 63 species from 7 phytoplankton classes were found based on the importance value index. Based on the TDI index, mangrove ecosystems Sawahmulya, Sidogedungbatu, Hijau Daun, Pamona, Pasir Putih, Sungai Rujing, Bangsal, Jherat Lanjheng, and Lebak were classified as eutrophic while Pulau Cina and Dekatagung were hyper-eutrophic. Based on %PTV, the Hijau Daun mangrove is the best mangrove ecosystem while other mangroves were classified as moderate and heavily level polluted.

Exploration of Public Service Quality Dimensions: Case Study of e-KTP Implementation in Sangkapura District, Bawean Island, Gresik Regency

This research aims to explore and understand the quality of public services in making e-KTPs in Sangkapura District, Gresik Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, referring to the four factors of Tjiptono's theory (2000). These include Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy. In collecting data, this research used observation, interviews and documentation of the research location in Sangkapura District. The research results show that the Sangkapura District Government is always trying to improve the quality of e-KTP services. However, these efforts are still not optimal because there are still deficiencies in the Responsiveness aspect, empathy aspect and there are several obstacles. Such as slow database response and lack of a public complaint suggestion box. Using e-KTP technology is expected to increase efficiency, reduce opportunities for document forgery and so on.

Dugong dugon (Muller 1776) and Its Habitat in Coastal Areas and Small Islands of East Java Province, Indonesia

Dugong dugon, an endangered marine mammal is listed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Dugongs are classified as herbivorous mammals that live in the shallows associated with seagrass beds. The objectives of this study are (1) to collect data on dugong encounters in East Java, both direct encounters and literature studies; and (2) to analyze seagrass meadows that are potentially dugong grazing habitats in East Java. This study was conducted from January to July 2023 in the coastal area of East Java. Dugong and seagrass data, which were descriptively analyzed, were obtained from the literature, questionnaire interview, and by direct observation. Distribution of dugongs in East Java is known to be in the southeastern side of Banyuwangi, Situbondo, Sumenep, Lamongan, and Bawean Island. Direct encounters with live and dead dugongs in East Java have been recorded in several locations, including Bawean Island. Seagrass beds in East Java can be found on the coastal area of Lamongan, Bawean Island - Gresik, Sumenep, Bangkalan, Situbondo, Banyuwangi, Malang, and Pacitan. The seagrass species found in these eight areas are: E. acoroides, T. hemprichii, C. modocea rotundata, C. serrulata, H. pinifolia, H. uninervis, H. decipiens, H. ovalis, H. minor, S. iseotifolium, and T. ciliatum. Although, dugong status is fully protected in Indonesia, and its distribution is limited, further steps are needed to protect dugongs and their food habitats. Marine Protected Area is one of the policies that could be recommended to protect dugongs and their habitat.

Social Capital in Social Construction: In-Depth Investigation of Early Marriages in Bawean Island, Indonesia

Early marriage in Bawean Island involved long-term experiences and understanding of actors’ sociocultural. The phenomenon of early marriage has never been studied using social construction. This research aims to reveal the social construction of early marriage through the dialectical situation of externalization, objectivation, and internalization in early marriage. This research uses a qualitative case study approach by collecting data through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research was conducted on Bawean Island with 31 participants throughout 2023. The results of this study were as follows: first, actors perceived and interpreted early marriage as avoiding social sanctions (out-of-wedlock pregnancy) to avoid social embarrassment; economic solutions; religion does not prohibit early marriage; avoiding religious sanctions; and early marriage is not considered to violate state law and can be legalized. Second, early marriage continued because parents and other social organizations, such as religious leaders and hamlet heads, acquired social capital. The role of hamlet heads in supporting the administration and testifying in the marriage dispensation trial is regarded as objective, allowing the state to legalize early marriages. In addition to continuing practical programs aimed at female actors, outreach to the entire family about the dangers of early marriage, and adding psychological and health expert witnesses to trials, special consideration must be given to social capital, which needs to be taken into account in future research.

A RISK FACTOR STUDY OF VISUAL ACUITY IN PTERYGIUM PATIENTS ON BAWEAN ISLAND, INDONESIA, 2023

Introduction & ObjectivesPterygium is associated with excessive exposure to sunlight and UV rays in the eyes. This causesisland countries in Asia which are in the "pterygium belt", including Indonesia, to have a highprevalence of pterygium. Other risk factors, such as gender, age, and medical conditions, such asblood pressure and diabetes, have also been linked to this chronic eye disease. However, of themany studies that have examined pterygium and its risk factors, very few have linked these riskfactors to the severity or grade of the pterygium. This study aimed to study the correlation betweenpterygium severity and its risk factors, within the people of Bawean Island, Indonesia.
 MethodsThis research was an analytic cross-sectional, with the research sample selected by total samplingmethod based on the results of a diagnosis performed by ophthalmologists. The research variablewere visual acuity (good-blindness), the severity / grade of pterygium (I-IV), gender, age,occupational group, pterygium location, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar.
 ResultsFrom 62 patients with pterygium, 75,8% categorized as grade IV, and 41,93% has a moderate toblindness visual acuity. More than half of the patients are old female above 50 years old with 40,32%has an occupational risk of sunlight exposure.
 ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that although all the risk factors studied did not have a significantyon the visual acuity, age (p=0,13) and occupational groups (p=0,20) are determinant factors on thevisual acuity of pterygium patients on Bawean Island, Indonesia.

Capacity Building for Maternal Emergency Services Using Low Tech High Fidelity (LTHF) Simulator Method and Interprofessional Collaboration for Health Workers on Bawean Island

Background - Maternal emergencies encompass a wide range of conditions that can endanger the lives of pregnant women or newborns, so the speed and availability of quality care is crucial in saving the lives of mothers and babies, especially in remote areas such as Bawean Island. Objective - Capacity building for maternal emergency services is a strategic step aimed at improving the ability and efficiency of the health care system to handle emergency situations related to pregnancy and childbirth. Design / methodology / approach - The method used in capacity building is training on the ability to conduct interprofessional collaboration among health workers with lecture, discussion and simulation methods with the use of LTHF simulators so that it is expected that during capacity building activities, participants can experience conditions that resemble real life. This capacity building activity consists of: Providing refreshing material related to maternal emergencies and simulating interprofessional collaboration using the LTHF simulator. Findings - Training participants stated that the above training method was very interesting and provided new experiences to prepare themselves in handling maternal neonatal emergencies that can occur at any time. The increased capacity to manage maternal neonatal emergencies can improve the effectiveness of medical actions and case management in emergency situations involving maternal health during pregnancy, childbirth, or the postpartum period after the training. Maternal neonatal emergencies that are often found are heavy bleeding, eclampsia, infection, asphyxia or other complications that can endanger the lives of pregnant women and their babies. Conclusion - Increasing the capacity of maternal emergency services through the Low Tech High Fidelity (LTHF) Simulator method and Interprofessional Collaboration is a significant step to improve the quality of services and safety of pregnant women and newborns on the island of Bawean.

Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Mesin Pencetak Adonan Guna Meningkatan Kapasitas Produksi pada UMKM Nek Wik di Bawean

UMKM Nek Wik is an UMKM that operates in the food sector, namely producing posot-posot which is a typical cracker from Bawean Island. In the production process, there is a process that is still done manually, namely the dough molding process, which takes a long time, making production slow and production targets and demand are sometimes not met, therefore it is necessary to procure a dough molding machine to speed up the production process and meet targets and consumer demands. With the addition of this dough molding machine, an investment feasibility analysis is needed to find out whether this dough molding machine is worth investing in or not. Based on the results of the analysis of the feasibility of investing in a dough molding machine at Nek Wik MSMEs, the following conclusion was obtained: from the calculation of the Net Present Value (NPV) a positive result of IDR was, which means NPV>0 so it is worth investing. From the results of the Internal Rate of Return calculation, a result of 43.45% was obtained, where this result was greater than the initial interest rate, namely 9.08%, so the investment was worth implementing. From the results of the Payback Period calculation, the investment value for the machine is 8.36 months or 251 days, meaning that because the payback period is less than the economic life of 5 years, the investment is feasible. From the results of the Profitability Index calculation, it is 1.43, which means the PI value is> 1, so the investment in purchasing a dough molding machine is feasible.

Community Economic Empowerment Through Asset Based Commonity Devolopment Method (Study of the Role of Fatayat NU in Bawean Island, Gresik)

Community economic empowerment is an effort to improve community welfare through increasing capacity and active participation in economic activities. One method that can be used to achieve community economic empowerment is asset-based community development (ABCD). The ABCD method takes a relational approach and utilizes the potential and resources that exist in the community. This approach focuses on identifying and empowering existing local resources, such as skills, knowledge, community networks and natural assets. Fatayat NU (Nahdlatul Ulama) as a women-based social organization has an important role in empowering the community economy at the grassroots. The role of Fatayat NU Bawean in empowering the community's economy through an asset-based community development (ABCD) approach. The first is to provide training in the form of Entrepreneur Workshop Activities. Assistance with halal certification for UMKM (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Products. Third, they provide access to local product marketing to increase awareness and visibilty. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing the Miles and Huberman field data analysis model. Primary data was collected through direct interviews with the NU Bawean Fatayat Branch (PC) administrators and the local community, while secondary data was gathered from magazines, articles and books.

Community Structure and Fish Diversity in Some Mangrove Ecosystems with Varying Levels of Naturalness and Human Activity on Bawean Island, East Java, Indonesia

The research aimed to evaluate the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on Bawean Island with varying levels of naturalness and human activity through community structure and diversity of fish species. Sampling was carried out in 11 mangrove ecosystems of Sawahmulya, Sungai Rujing, Hijau Daun, Sidogedungbatu, Pamona, Pasir Putih, Bangsal, Dekatagung, Jherat Lanjheng, Lebak and Pulau Cina. Fish were collected using the net (pore size 5 mm) and visual encounter method. Fish found were identified then the abundance of each species was used to determine the total abundance, taxa richness, and some indices of diversity, dominance, and evenness. Results showed that there were 18 fish species we found in all locations with varying taxa richness in each mangrove ecosystem. The total abundance of mangrove fish is in the range of 61-165 Idv/25m2. All the research sites show a low value (less than 1) in the Diversity Index of Shannon Wiener, low evenness (0.02-0.07), and high variation of dominance Index (0.26-0.94). The higher the level of naturalness and the lower the hemeroby Index, it was found to have an impact on the higher diversity, taxa richness, and evenness of fish. This research indicated that the quality of some mangrove ecosystems on Bawean Island was still low and needed to be managed.

Bathymetry mapping with empirical bathymetry method based on sentinel application platform case study: Bawean Island, Central Java

Bathymetry information is an important requirement for the marine and fisheries sector in Indonesia. However, the acquisition of information is done in the traditional way, namely surveys using single/multibeam echosounder devices carried by ships. This method was inefficient, especially to cover a wider area. The development of remote sensing technology can be a solution and has become a source of data for satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB). One of the areas of concern in this research is the eastern waters of Bawean Island located in the Java Sea. This research uses the SNAP method to determine the results and accuracy of bathymetry mapping in shallow sea waters east of Bawean Island. This method is generated from regression modeling between spectral values of satellite image data and in-situ depth data. The satellite data used is the Sentinel-2A image recorded on December 9, 2022. The results showed that the Sentinel-2A satellite can produce depth information up to 27.9 meters. The coefficient of determination, R2, is 86%, and the confusion matrix accuracy value is 75.21%.

New genera and new species of Catenulaceae (Bacillariophyta) from Coral Reef habitat of two Indonesia islands-Bawean and Sulawesi-A morphological approach.

Indonesia is listed as a region with high marine biodiversity, especially when considering the three large tropical ecosystems: seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs. It is likely that the biodiversity of diatoms in this area is also high. Samples for this research were taken from the remote area of Bawean Island and Tomini Gulf in Central Sulawesi. In this research, we explored marine benthic diatoms from coral reef areas and presented two new genera: Paracatenula and Wallaceago, and seven new species: Paracatenulaporostriata sp. nov., Wallaceagoporostriatus sp. nov., Catenulaboyanensis sp. nov., C.komodensis sp. nov., C.decusa sp. nov., C.densestriata sp. nov., and Catenulopsisbaweana sp. nov. The new genus Paracatenula is characterized by its perforated cingulum, and the genus Wallaceago is distinguished by its proximal and apical raphe ends bent to the ventral side and the presence of a stauros in the mantle.

Bawean Geotrack: Linkage Between Geodiversity, Biodiversity, And Cultural Diversity for Driving The Acceleration Bawean Island-Gresik Geopark

Bawean Island, Gresik Regency is geographically located in the Java Sea, precisely located between Borneo and Java. Currently, Bawean Island is being fought to become a Geological Heritage and continues to be developed, so that it can be proposed as a National Geopark. The Geology, Biology, and Cultural Diversity that exists on Bawean Island are still separate pieces that need further research so that it can be presented in a holistic order as geotourism. The purpose of this study is to examine geosite recommendations on Bawean Island and to reconstruct the geological history of the biological and cultural diversity of the community that developed from the past to the present in a Geosite Distribution Path Map (Geotrack). The methods used are literature review, observation of DEM imagery to determine morphology, and Geosite Potential Survey which is followed by feasibility study calculations based on parameters from the Geological Survey Center. The results of this study are in the form of a Geotrack Map consisting of 24 Geosites (15 Geodiversity, 3 Biodiversity, and 6 Cultural Diversity) which are contained in a digital system in the form of WebGIS so that all elements of society can access it. The occurrence of transgression and marine regression in the past caused by the formation of ancient volcanoes supports the formation of a typical flora and fauna ecosystem on Bawean Island. In addition, the formation of an island in the middle of the Java Sea surrounded by other cultures and civilizations led to the acculturation and cultural assimilation of the Bawean island.

Pemanfaatan Ekosistem Mangrove dan Perubahan Lingkungan Pesisir Pulau Bawean, 1886–1923

The purpose of this article is to discuss the history of mangrove ecosystem utilization and physical changes on the coast of Bawean Island during 1886 – 1923. This article used the historical method which consists of heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Image classification and maps comparation applied as proponent system in this study to analysis coastal change. The first step is analysis data showing the activities of Bawean residents in utilizing the mangrove ecosystem. The second is analysis through image classification and map comparation to analyze historical changes. Based on this analysis, it can be seen that residents use the mangrove ecosystem for daily needs such as foundations and house roofs. Residents have also converted the function of the mangrove ecosystem into residential areas and agricultural land. Therefore, the activity of residents in coastal area as well as use of mangrove ecosystem plays a role in changing the coastal environment of Bawean Island.

Distribution and morphology of the diatom genus Olifantiella Riaux-Gobin & Compère in Indonesian and Australian waters, including the description of O.gondwanensis sp. nov.

Samples from coastal tropical waters of Central Sulawesi, Bangka Island and Bawean Island in Indonesia and from the Great Barrier Reef at Fitzroy Island in Queensland, Australia were analysed for species composition of diatom assemblages with a focus on Olifantiella. Whereas samples from Fitzroy Island littoral in Australia retrieved only one species of Olifantiella, in Poso Bay, Indonesia, we observed at least six species. All established taxa were documented with light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was used to compare the species, based on the basic valve parameters of length, width, length to width ratio and striae density. A new species of the genus Olifantiella, O.gondwanensis is described from Australia. In addition, we showed the distinct nature of O.pilosellavar.rhizophorae permitting to species status. Particular attention is placed on girdle bands in this genus.