City Of Bauru Research Articles

Evaluation of metal removal efficiency and its influence in the physicochemical parameters at two sewage treatment plants.

In sewage treatment plants, physicochemical parameters are highly controlled since treated sewage can be returned to water bodies or reused. In addition, pollutants such as heavy metals also deserve attention due to their potential toxicity. In general, these characteristics of sewage and treated water are evaluated independently, with the support of Brazilian legislation that does not require a routine for the analysis of metals as frequent as for the physicochemical parameters. In this work, 66 samples of raw sewage, treated sewage, and effluents from two treatment plants in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, were evaluated to assess the efficiency of the treatment plants in the removal of metals. In addition, the influence of these pollutants on the quantification of physicochemical parameters was evaluated. The quantification of metals was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and Spearman's test was applied to evaluate correlation between physicochemical parameters and metal content. The main metals found in the samples were Ba, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, and Al. The results indicate that concentrations of metals in the aquatic environment can significantly affect the physicochemical parameters, since high concentrations of metals can interfere mainly in the pH, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen.

Patterns of Physical Activity and Screen Time Among Brazilian Children.

To investigate the patterns of physical activity (PA) and screen time among children and adolescents attended by the Brazilian National Health System. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The sample was composed of 270 children and adolescents attending 5 basic health care units. PA and screen time were assessed through a questionnaire. Economic status, sex, and body composition variables were used as covariates. Boys were more likely to be active when compared with girls (odds ratio = 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-4.58). Children and adolescents who accumulated less screen time were more likely to be in the most active group (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.72). When comparing data year on year, we found that the level of PA has not changed significantly among children aged 7-10 years; however, at the age of 10, we noticed a significant reduction in PA scores, which kept decreasing until the age of 12. Regarding screen time, the situation was the opposite, with the amount of time spent in this behavior increasing over the years. Our results showed an association between low PA levels and high amount of screen time among children and adolescents, showing that is necessary to encourage an active lifestyle, decreasing time spent on television, computers, cell phones, and video games.

Assessment of the potentiometric drawdown in the Guarani Aquifer System in Bauru/SP by a model of analytical elements

ABSTRACT The recent drought events and the population growth in São Paulo State (Brazil) have caused many municipalities to increase the groundwater exploitation of the Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) for the public water supply. In Bauru City/SP, the extraction of water from this Aquifer is expected to increase from 3699 m3/h (2014) to 4465 m3/h (2034). However, its long-term overexploitation may compromise the amount of available groundwater. The Analytic Element Method was used for groundwater flow modeling at steady-state, which includes the regional flow, the water withdrawal from wells and the main local geological conditions. The hydraulic gradient 0.82 m/km was estimated in the GAS in Bauru City. The potentiometric drawdown in the GAS in Bauru was estimated as 50 m since the beginning of the groundwater exploitation. The drawdown for the groundwater pumping scenario in 2014 is higher than 15 m in Piratininga and Agudos and lower than 10 m in further cities. The expected drawdown for the scenario of 2034 can reach 15 m in comparison with the scenario of 2014, in the North of Bauru City, where the future wells will be located.

Association Between Presence of Enamel Defects, Dental Caries and Socioeconomic Conditions on Brazilian Children

Objective: To verify the relationship between developmental enamel defects (DED) in permanent incisors and socioeconomic conditions and dental caries in children within the life course context. Material and Methods: A total of 350 children aged 9-11 years from 13 public schools in the city of Bauru, Brazil were examined. Clinical exams were performed to observe the presence of caries and developmental enamel defects using the DMFT and DED indexes, respectively. In addition, information about family income and parental schooling was collected. Statistical analysis used the Spearman Correlation Coefficient and the Chi-square test to verify the association between DED, socioeconomic conditions and dental caries. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Association between presence of dental caries and DED (p=0.04), delimited opacity (p=0.02) and opacity (p=0.01) was observed. Inverse correlation for the decayed component with maternal schooling and family income was also verified. Regarding the types of development enamel defect (DED), correlation between delimited opacity, opacity and DED with the DMFT index was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated association between enamel defects and caries, as well as correlation between income and parental schooling and dental caries.

Reflexão sobre a utilização criativa dos recursos tecnológicos

This study presents a part of the research carried out in the masters course of the postgraduate program in media and technology at FAAC Unesp of Bauru/SP, it is a reflection on the creative use of technological resources in didactic way, exploring the use of digital media in schools. The purpose of the study was to carry out a case study in the high schools of the city of Bauru and to verify the situation of the use of digital media in the teaching-learning process, both in the student's view and in the teacher's view.

A importância do gerenciamento de resíduos perigosos em uma universidade: estudo de caso dos laboratórios de ensino e pesquisa

Com a oferta de novos cursos na Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC) na cidade de Bauru-SP, houve um aumento dos resíduos químicos e/ou perigosos gerados nos laboratórios de ensino e pesquisa, surgindo assim, a necessidade de gerenciar de forma eficaz os mesmos, visando atender à legislação existente, bem como não impactar o ambiente. Sendo assim, este trabalho realizou um levantamento quali-quantitativo, utilizando o método de survey, que consistiu em aplicação de questionário aos responsáveis pelos laboratórios da Universidade a fim de verificar o tipo, a quantidade e a forma de descarte dos resíduos gerados. A análise dos resultados mostrou a necessidade de orientação em alguns setores, que não eram considerados geradores de resíduos, mas estavam fazendo o descarte de forma incorreta. Foi proposto, a partir deste estudo, um programa de gerenciamento e armazenamento dos resíduos perigosos e cursos de capacitação, que em curto prazo já apresentaram resultados econômicos e ambientais. Entretanto, espera-se futuramente recuperar e reutilizar os resíduos gerados, diminuindo assim os custos com a incineração.

TV viewing time is associated with increased all-cause mortality in Brazilian adults independent of physical activity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between television (TV) viewing and all-cause mortality among Brazilian adults after 6years of follow-up. This longitudinal study started in 2010 in the city of Bauru, SP, Brazil, and involved 970 adults aged ≥50years. Mortality was reported by relatives and confirmed in medical records of the Brazilian National Health System. Physical activity (PA) and TV viewing were assessed by the Baecke questionnaire. Health status, sociodemographic and behavioral covariates were considered as potential confounders. After 6years of follow-up, 89 deaths were registered (9.2% [95% CI=7.4%-11%]). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with higher risk of mortality (P-value=.012). Deaths correlated significantly with age (ρ=.188; P-value=.001), overall PA score (ρ=-.128; P-value=.001) and TV viewing (ρ=.086; P-value=.007). Lower percentage of participants reported TV viewing time as often (16%) and very often (5.7%), but there was an association between higher TV viewing time ("often" and "very often" grouped together) and increased mortality after 6years of follow-up (P-value=.006). The higher TV viewing time was associated with a 44.7% increase in all-cause mortality (HR=1.447 [1.019-2.055]), independently of other potential confounders. In conclusion, the findings from this cohort study identified increased risk of mortality among adults with higher TV viewing time, independently of PA and other variables.

Determinants of outpatient expenditure within primary care in the Brazilian National Health System.

One of the big challenges facing governments worldwide is the financing of healthcare systems. Thus, it is necessary to understand the factors and key components associated with healthcare expenditure. The aim here was to identify demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and clinical factors associated with direct healthcare expenditure within primary care, among adults attended through the Brazilian National Health System in the city of Bauru. Cross-sectional study conducted in five primary care units in Bauru (SP), Brazil. Healthcare expenditure over the last 12 months was assessed through medical records of adults aged 50 years or more. Annual healthcare expenditure was assessed in terms of medication, laboratory tests, medical consultations and the total. Body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, age, sex, physical activity and smoking were assessed through face-to-face interviews. The total healthcare expenditure for 963 participants of this survey was US$ 112,849.74 (46.9% consultations, 35.2% medication and 17.9% laboratory tests). Expenditure on medication was associated with overweight (odds ratio, OR = 1.80; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.07-3.01), hypertension (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.91-4.82) and moderate physical activity (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.81). Expenditure on consultations was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12-2.47) and female sex (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.14-2.55). Our results showed that overweight, lower levels of physical activity and hypertension were independent risk factors associated with higher healthcare expenditure within primary care.

Prevalence and factors associated to back pain in adults from the northeast of São Paulo, Brazil: a population-based study

Abstract Introduction: Back pain has become a serious public health problem. Objective: To determine the prevalence of back pain in a population-based sample of subjects over 20 years old living in the city of Bauru (São Paulo, Brazil) and to analyze the associations to variables- sociodemographic, ergonomic and lifestyle-related - and to morbidity. Methods: a cross-sectional study which evaluated 600 adults over 20 years old, both gender and living in the city. We used a structured protocol and the Nordic questionnaire. Also, we developed a descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariate by binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of back pain was of 50.3% (CI 46.3 to 54.3), since 42.3% (CI 36.9 to 48.0) in men and 57.6% (CI 51.9 to 63.0) in women, with statistical significant difference (p = 0.001). Different variables remained in final models when assessed by gender. For male to be widowed and divorced and smoking habits and, for women to be widowed and divorced, to work in seated position and to perform occupational activities that demand carrying and lifting weight. Conclusion: We verified high prevalence in back pain in the population of Bauru and high association to widowed/divorced in both gender, with women performing occupational activities usually or always in seated position, those who carry or lift weight in work and men who smoke.

Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain in elderly registered in the Family Health Strategy

Abstract Introduction: Low back pain has varied etiology and complex discussed and can be triggered by various factors. Objective: Was to assess the prevalence of low back pain in individuals 60 years or more of the areas of the Family Health Strategy “Vila Sao Paulo” in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, and its association with demographic and socioeconomic variables, relating to work, lifestyle and morbidity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 363 elderly sampled by the technique of two-stage cluster, which were interviewed at home using a multidimensional instrument (demographic, socio-economic, featuring work; lifestyle; morbidity) and the Nordic questionnaire. Conducted descriptive analysis, bivariate and Poisson regression. Results: It was noted more frequently in the elderly age group between 60 and 69 years old, married, with low education and income from two to five. The prevalence of low back pain was 55.8% of elderly patients studied, 52.2% in men and 47.8% women and, the variables load and carry weight (p = 0.001) and the number of diseases referred to (p = 0.04) showed association with the presence of low back pain. Conclusion: The elderly respondents show a high prevalence of low back pain associated with the loading and transport weight and the number of diseases referred.

Caracterização das viagens geradas por condomínios residenciais horizontais

The meeting of man need’s, in the urban environment, creates different types of projects, which significantly change the life of the city. The luxury condominiums are objects that have great influence on urban expansion and there are few studies in Brazil. Then, this research intends to characterize the trip generation of these objects. The case of study was based on the reality of the city of Bauru, Sao Paulo. The proposed procedure was applied in seven condos with similar characteristics, in which the data were collected from 6:30am to 20pm. The car had the largest representation in modal choice, about 82% of trips generated. Keywords: trip generation; luxury condominiums; Bauru, SP.

Hidradenitis suppurativa: epidemiological study of cases diagnosed at a dermatological reference center in the city of Bauru, in the Brazilian southeast State of São Paulo, between 2005 and 2015.

BackgroundHidradenitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the hair follicles. A treatment is necessary due to chronicity and psychological changes that patient present.ObjectiveTo investigate epidemiological aspects and elaborate a risk group profile, promote early diagnosis and contribute to the knowledge about the disease.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study with retrospective analysis of medical records of 194 patients diagnosed with hidrosadenitis in a dermatological reference center in the city of Bauru (SP) between 2005 and 2015.ResultsFemales accounted for 74% of cases. The age at diagnosis ranged from 10 to 67 years and the majority was within the 3rd and 4th decade of life. It occurred Association with diabetes mellitus in 33%, obesity in 55% and smoking in 61% was observed. Mean time between the onset of the disease and diagnosis was nine years. Hurley stage II was the most common at diagnosis. The therapeutic option mostly used in Hurley I and II was systemic antibiotics and in Hurley III was surgery.Study limitationsthe main limitation of this study is its retrospective design, which does not allow the true clinical confirmation of the disease by investigators.Conclusionwe outlined the following profile: women, caucasian, between 3rd and 4th decade of life, associated with obesity, smoking, late diagnosis and multiple potential therapeutic modalities. We highlight the importance of studies like this in order to identify risk groups and encourage early diagnosis.

Cause-specific mortality in a cohort of Brazilian patients with type 1 diabetes.

To assess cause-specific mortality in a cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) followed at an university hospital (tertiary level, Rio de Janeiro city) and an outpatient clinic (secondary level, Bauru city) both in Brazil's southeast, and associations of survival with gender, age at diagnosis, self-reported ethnicity and diabetes duration. Our study is based on a cohort of patients with T1D whose vital status was determined as of December 31, 2015. The causes of mortality were determined by death certificates and outpatient clinic records. Among 986 patients, (54.4%) females, (74.8%) Caucasians, 886 (89.9%) were alive, 62 (6.3%) had died, and in 38 (3.9%) the vital status was unknown. Median age at death [interquartile range] and diabetes duration until death were 30.0 [13] and 15.6 [10] years, respectively. Considering those who died (n=62), most patients (about 70%) died from end-stage renal disease, macrovascular disease or acute complications of diabetes, mainly diabetic ketoacidosis. The other causes of mortality were infections, fatal accidents and non-diabetes-related. The standardized mortality ratio was 3.13 [2.35-4.08] in those aged under 40. In a multivariate Cox model, "age<40years" and "year of diagnosis" were the only significant variables with hazard ratios of 6.259 [(3.100-12.639), p<0.001] and 0.915 [(0.880-0.951), p<0.001], respectively. Our study shows that patients with T1D had a threefold increase in mortality. The specific causes of mortality were mainly diabetes-related chronic complications; however, acute complications, especially diabetic ketoacidosis, persisted as an important cause of mortality.

Environmental analysis of organic waste treatment focusing on composting scenarios

The correct disposal of the waste generated by human activities is one of the prevalent challenges that the world faces towards a sustainable development. The lack of suitable sites and the high cost of waste treatment have persuaded many municipalities to implement a policy for integrated waste management, which includes measures such as, source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting and final disposal in landfill. This study examined the alternatives for composting of the organic waste generated in the city of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, which does not have a composting plant, and analyzed the environmental impacts of seven scenarios: current situation, in which all organic waste is disposed at the landfill; dispatch of the organic waste generated in the city to the closest municipality having a composting plant; construction of a composting plant in Bauru; use of home composting for 10%, 25%, 60% and 90% of organic waste. The method consisted of literature review, data collection among the company responsible for the waste management in the municipality, and the Life Cycle Assessment of the scenarios through the software IWM-2 for the Life Cycle Inventory and Recipe2008 conversion factors for the following impact categories: climate change, ozone depletion, particulate matter formation, and human and freshwater toxicity. The results showed that home composting must be followed by a reduction in the organic waste collection days, in order to have a positive effect in the greenhouse emissions derived from transportation and collection. Also home composting has a greater potential to reduce carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per mass of waste composted in comparison with composting plants. The use of transfer station can have a positive effect on composting plants that are located in other municipalities.

Anxiety-state

Anxiety can be understood as a tension in consequence of the interpretation of a real or imaginary danger situation, accompanied by unpleasant body feelings such as fear, empty feeling in stomach, increased blood pressure, increased heart and respiratory rate. It can be expressed by several factors such as the athlete’s level of experience, importance and difficulty of the event, etc. Thus, the anxiety may contribute beneficially in a harmful way. PURPOSE: Analyze the profile of anxiety-state in artistic gymnastic athletes preceding the competition. METHODS: The sample was composed by 35 female artistic gymnastics athletes, aged between 13 and 19 years old. The athletes who fulfilled the criteria for having participated in the survey were evaluated individually during the Open Games of the Interior, held in Bauru city, between 30 and 60 minutes preceding the competitions. The athletes participating answered the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 which aims to measure the pre-competitive anxiety-state. It is divided into: cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence. The test consists of 27 questions, in which the answers can vary in the following scales: 1 absolutely not and 4 very much. For interpretation of the data on the variables, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence will be used the following classification: low (9-18 points), medium (19-27 points) and high (28-36 points). For the data analysis calculations of descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) were used. RESULTS: The results show that preceding the artistic gymnastics tests, the average value of cognitive anxiety (15,49±3,54) was rated as “low”. It was also observed that the somatic anxiety (16,17±4,24) and self-confidence (23,69±10,61) were classified as “low” and “average” respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The athletes evaluated in this study showed desirable values for cognitive and somatic anxiety components. This result is positive, because in sports that require coordination, concentration and balance, the high level, especially of somatic anxiety, becomes negative for the performance.

Nutritional status, tooth wear and quality of life in Brazilian schoolchildren.

To evaluate the correlation among nutritional status, tooth wear and quality of life in Brazilian schoolchildren. The study followed a cross-sectional design. Nutritional status was measured via anthropometry using BMI and tooth wear was measured using the Dental Wear Index; both these assessments were carried out by a trained recorder according to standard criteria. A modified version of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances was used to assess quality of life. City of Bauru, in Brazil. A cluster sample of 396 schoolchildren (194 boys and 202 girls) aged 7-10 years. The anthropometric assessment showed similar situations for both sexes regarding underweight (31·40 % in boys and 30·20 % in girls) and overweight/obesity (33·96 % in boys and 33·17 % in girls). The underweight children showed a greater severity of tooth wear in the primary teeth (OR=0·72; CI 0·36, 1·42), although in the permanent dentition the obese children had a greater severity of tooth wear (OR=1·42; 95 % CI 0·31, 6·55). The tooth wear was correlated with age for both dentitions. Tooth wear in the primary and permanent dentition may be related to nutritional status. Tooth wear and obesity did not have a significant impact on the schoolchildren's perception of quality of life.

Epidemiological study of basal cell carcinoma between 2010 and 2013, at a dermatology reference hospital in the city of Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer and corresponds to 70-80% of all malignant neoplasms of the skin. It is emerging as a globa...

Malignant melanoma: epidemiological study of cases diagnosed at a dermatological reference center in the city of Bauru, in the Brazilian southeast State of São Paulo, between 2007 and 2014

Malignant melanoma: epidemiological study of cases diagnosed at a dermatological reference center in the city of Bauru, in the Brazilian southeast State of São Paulo, between 2007 and 2014

Physical activity, adiposity and hypertension among patients of public healthcare system

Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires special attention in identifying comorbidities or risk factors including inactivity and obesity. Considering that a large proportion of the Brazilian population is hypertensive, obese, and sedentary, the relationship among these variables in the context of the public health system is unclear. To assess the association among physical activity, markers of adiposity, and hypertension in adult users of the public healthcare system in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The study was conducted in five Basic Health Units in Bauru, São Paulo, and consisted of 963 patients. Data were collected from habitual physical activity and previous (childhood and adolescence), education, purchasing power and anthropometric markers of overall and abdominal obesity. The incidence of hypertension was 76.8%. Significant associations were found among sedentarism, presence of total and abdominal obesity, with the higher incidence of hypertension. It was also observed that the magnitude of association between hypertension and adiposity increased with decreased involvement in physical activity. Further investigations are needed to analyze the occurrence of overweight and obesity in people suffering from chronic diseases in order to prevent future complications.

Folic Acid Fortification and Women’s Folate Levels in Selected Communities in Brazil - A First Look

Several countries have implemented mandatory folic acid fortification of wheat flour and selected grain products to increase the folate intake of reproductive-aged women. Brazil implemented a folic acid fortification program in 2004. No previous studies have examined folate differences among Brazilian women following the mandate. We evaluate differences in serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations between two samples of women of childbearing age from selective communities in Brazil, one tested before (N = 116) and the other after the mandate (N = 240). We compared the baseline folate levels of women enrolled in a prevention study shortly before the fortification mandate was implemented, to baseline levels of women from the same communities enrolled in the same study shortly after fortification began. The participants were women enrolled in a folate supplementation clinical trial, at a hospital specializing in treating craniofacial anomalies in the city of Bauru from January 29, 2004 to April 27, 2005. We only compared baseline folate levels before the women received oral cleft prevention program (OCPP) folic acid supplements. Women enrolled after the fortification mandate had higher means of serum folate (20.3 versus 11.2 nmol/L; p < 0.001) and RBC folate (368.3 versus 177.6 nmol/L; p < 0.001) than women enrolled before the mandate. Differences in folate levels between the two groups remained after adjusting for several co-variables. The results suggest that serum and RBC folate levels among women of childbearing age increased after implementing the folic acid fortification mandate in Brazil.