Species Of Bauhinia Research Articles

Phytotoxicity of Two Bauhinia Species on Four Triticum aestivum Varieties in Laboratory Bioassay

Tree–crop interaction studies help to determine the effects of trees on the production and yield of agricultural crops and could help indecisions on suitable crops and tree combinations to increase the overall production from agroforestry systems. Different varieties of agricultural crops might show different responses against the phytotoxic effects of Bauhinia species. This study was conducted to observe the phytotoxicity of two Bauhinia spp., i.e., Bauhinia retusa and Bauhinia variegata, on some Triticum aestivum varieties, i.e., VL-892, VI-829, VL-616, UP-2572, and UP-1109.The leaves and bark of these two species were harvested from the natural population for these experiments. On average, germination and radicle and plumule length of wheat varieties were significantly (p > 0.05) reduced by the leaf and bark extracts of both Bauhinia species. The effect of leaf and bark extracts of both Bauhinia species on seed germination percent of different wheat varieties revealed that the bark and leaf extracts showed maximum toxicity for germination percentage, and minimum influence was observed in radicle and plumule length. However, bark extracts were more toxic as compared to leaf extracts. Under leaf and bark extract concentrations, the VL 829 wheat variety showed stimulatory effects in germination and radicle and plumule growth under both Bauhinia species. On average, radicle and plumule growth of the test crop was increased with an increasing concentration of leaf and bark extract of B. variegata up to 50%, and thereafter, a decrease in radicle and plumule length was recorded. The VL 829 and UP 1109 varieties showed the lowest allelopathic effects and could be grown under both Bauhinia species with minimum yield loss.

Observations on the Pollen Morphology of some Bauhinias (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) from India

The present investigation, aided by light and scanning electron microscopy, provides detailed pollen morphological descriptions of the 17 species of Bauhinia from India.

AuhiniaLinnaeus: an overview of the chemistry and bioactivity of essential oils

Bauhiniagenus comprises 300 diferent species distributed in tropical and subtropical forests. Infusions of some species have been frequently used in folk medicine to treat several ailments, especially diabetes. Studies are focused on the extracts and little is reported about their essential oils. This review aims to compile data about the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from diferent species of the genus Bauhinia, in order to show the potential of these oils, since they have a rich composition in terpenoids, with emphasis on sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, which have a broad spectrum of biological actions and can be explored in various application areas.

Reproductive isolation between two sympatric bat-pollinated Bauhinia (Leguminosae).

Several barriers contribute to reproductive isolation between plant species, which can be classified as pre- or post-pollination. Understanding the strength of these barriers could clarify the factors that maintain reproductive isolation and thus species integrity. In this study, we quantified reproductive isolation between two bat-pollinated co-occurring Bauhinia species (B. acuruana and B. pentandra) with similar flower morphology. Over the course of 18 months, we assessed reproductive isolation between these two Bauhinia species by quantifying the individual strengths and absolute contributions of five pre- and post- pollination barriers. Our data showed that both species are completely isolated in their reproduction by a combination of several barriers. Although they co-occur in a few populations, we found a high degree of geographic isolation between them. And although their flowering periods overlap, there is a significant difference in flowering peaks. Both species have the same pollinating bats, but the interspecific transfer of pollen between the plant species may be reduced due to the different length of the flower stamens, resulting in different pollen deposition on the bats' bodies. We have documented complete incompatibility between taxa and conclude that pre- and post-pollination barriers are important factors in preventing gene flow, even in contact zones between these two species of Bauhinia. We highlight that our work is the first study to use methods to estimate the strength of reproductive isolation barriers between bat-pollinated species.

Systematic studies on some West African species of the Tribe Bauhinieae (Cercidioideae)

The tribe Bauhinieae is the largest and most taxonomically complex group within the subfamily Cercidoideae. They possess the most distinguishable morphological features but are the most variable group. Here, we explore the phylogenetic relationship of the tribe Bauhinieae using morphological, anatomical and molecular data (ITS, rbcL, trnL-F, ITS+rbcL+trnL-F). Relationships inferred from morphological, anatomical and molecular data revealed congruent result, a non-monophyletic Bauhinia and Piliostigma group. The leaf epidermal shape in all Bauhinia species examined are polygonal with straight cell walls except B. tomentosa, which has an undulating cell wall. Stomatal types observed vary between the two genera studied. Bauhinia species has paracytic stomata while Piliostigma species exhibited hemiparacytic stomata. Dendrogram generated revealed the interrelationship between the species at a distance value of 80. Bayesian analysis revealed a high resolution of species and posterior probability. The strict consensus tree for all the tested gene regions revealed a polyphyletic Bauhina divided into three major clades. The Piliostigma group exhibited a paraphyletic and polyphyletic relationship within the Bauhinia group at high support values. B tomentosa exhibited a closer relationship with Piliostigma species. These results support the proposition to divide members of the large Bauhinia s.s group into subclades. This study has attempted to elucidate the unresolved species and genus level taxonomy of the tribe Bauhinieae. However, more variable gene regions in addition to broader species sampling should be considered for further phylogenetic patterns of this taxon.

Discrete nutrient utilizations in two Bauhinia species exposed to supplemental light-emitting diode spectra and exponential fertilization

Bauhinia is a widely planted urban tree plant in tropical cities, which are frequently dwelling in a habitat exposed to inevitable streetlamp lighting. It is of practical meaning to figure out the lighting spectra that benefit nutrient utilization in corporation with a proper exponential fertilization regime. In this study, Bauhinia brachycarpa and B. variegata seedlings were cultured with exponential fertilization at the rate of 80 mg nitrogen (N) plant-1 (N-phosphorus-potassium, 10-7-9) with an unfertilized control, and both were exposed to light-emitting diode spectra of R1BG5 (13.9% red, 77.0% green, 9.2% blue), R2BG3 (26.2% red, 70.2% green, 3.5% blue), and R3BG1 (42.3% red, 57.3% green, 0.4% blue). The R3BG1 spectrum resulted in smaller growing size and dry mass but higher nutrient concentration and root water content compared to the other two spectra. Exponential fertilization increased fresh mass for two Bauhinia species but only increased dry mass in B. brachycarpa. Compared to B. variegata, B. brachycarpa was verified to have a higher capacity to accommodate exogeneous nutrient input through exponential fertilization. The R3BG1 spectrum was recommended for the illumination in streetlamps for Bauhinia because this spectrum can promote nutrient uptake without too fast rate of growth relative to other spectra with lower red-light proportions.

Seasonal variation in nutrient composition in the leaves of two Bauhinia species

Abstract Trees happen to be a prominent source of nutritive fodders and provide sufficient nutrients to the cattle throughout the year. The leaves of two Bauhinia species, that is, Bauhinia retusa and Bauhinia variegata, were collected in different seasons from their natural growing habitats. The collected leaves were air-dried to make a fine powder, and the nutrient concentrations were estimated as per the standard processes. Significant variations were recorded in the nutritive values of both species in different seasons. The leaves of B. retusa revealed highest dry matter and total carbohydrate in the summer season, while the rainy season exhibited the highest value of ash per cent and crude protein.The ether extract and nitrogen-free extract per cent were higher in the winter season, and the maximum crude fibre and organic matter per cent were prominent in the spring season. In case of B. variegata leaves, the dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, ash and ether extract per cent were higher in the winter season. The highest crude fibre percent and total carbohydrate were found to be the maximum in the rainy season, and crude protein was higher in summer season. The results of the present study revealed that the both Bauhinia species are good sources of green fodder for cattle, especially in the rainy season in case of B. retusa and in the summer season for B. variegata, to correct the deficiency of protein in animals in the hill state of Uttarakhand, India.

Effect of Temperature, Seed Size, Sowing Depth, and Position on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Bauhinia retusa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L.

In urban forestry plantations are implemented in different cities of the world for social and environmental benefits. Bauhinia retusa and Bauhinia variegata are important species and to be used as large-scale plantation programs in urban forestry which might solve or mitigate urban, social, and environmental issues such as improving the physical & mental health of residents, food and nutrition security, increasing urban biodiversity, cooling the neighboring, preventing soil erosion, flooding, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. The present study was conducted with the aim of producing quality planting material for B. retusa and B. variegata in the nursery for afforestation programs. Seeds of B. retusa and B. variegata were collected from the natural habitats to assess seed germination and seedling growth. Seeds were stored in different types of containers at room temperature and later on exposed to 15, 20, and 25 °C in seed germinator. Seeds were further sown in polythene bags according to the seed size, seed coat color, seed sowing depth, the orientation of seeds, and the result of the emergence of seedlings, their growth, and biomass were estimated. A two-way analysis of variance was calculated to estimate the variation among the studied parameters. Results revealed that a constant 25 °C temperature was considered best for seed germination of both the Bauhinia species. Polybags were found the most suitable for storing the Bauhinia seeds among the storage containers. The seedling emergence and growth were maximum in yellow color and large seeds. In B. retusa, seedling emergence, and growths were the maximum in seeds sown at a horizontal position and in B. variegata at an upright position. Seedling emergence, length, and biomass were recorded the maximum when seeds of B. retusa were sown at 4 cm depth and B. variegata seeds were sown at 2 cm depth. The study recommends that the yellow color seed that has to be sown at 2 cm to 4 cm depth with upright and horizontal positions is considered best for the production of quality planting stock of both studied Bauhinia species.

A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Anti-microbial investigation towards Bauhinia tomentosa L.

Background: In the ancient medical system Ayurveda, which has been utilized for thousands of years, the pharmaceutical industry concentrates on developing novel pharmaceuticals and plant-based medications. A type of blooming plant belonging to the Fabaceae family is called B.tomentosa. The main chemical components of the plant were flavonols, 5, 7-dimethoxy-30, 40-methylenedioxy flavone, and a novel dihydrobenzoxepin, 5,6-dihydro-1,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-methyldibenzoxepin, flavonol glycoside, triterpene saponin, phenanthraquinone, and flavonoids. In our current study, we propose to review the key phytochemical ingredients from B.tomentosa, which has been reported to have chemoprotective anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and other therapeutic uses. Main body of the abstract: Bauhinia tomentosa is used in ancient for curing many diseases, this review aims to explain its outcome in presence of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids. Highlighting its constituents it has been already reported that quercetin is isolated and pharmacologically active in inhibiting the microorganisms like bacteria and also fungi. As far it’s concerned, rather than quercetin many other natural compounds have also been isolated and reported. For treating various kinds of diseases. There are around 47 species of Bauhinia, by its attractive appearance of the flower, it is used as an ornamental plant, and considering its therapeutic benefits it plays an important role for future researchers. Short Conclusion: Bauhinia species is not a rare species it is widely distributed and accustomed to any kind of vegetation and climatic conditions. It has been cultivated in many areas for its remarkable pharmacological actions, which was recently reported for curing nephrotoxicity and obesity. Many new diseases are appearing in day-to-day life, whereas treating the disease with allopathic medicines prone to a lot of side effects to avoid such kind of discomforts in patient Ayurveda, Unani, homeopathy, siddha medicines play a vital role. In future investigation researchers procuring herbal plants will increase because for their safety and efficacy purposes.

Spatiotemporal trends in floral visitation and interaction networks reveal shifting niches for bats in a Neotropical savanna.

Flower-vising bats are important components of tropical pollinator communities, yet little is known about the structure of their pollination networks and how resource availability through time (seasons) and space (habitat heterogeneity) affects the extent to which bats interact with plants within a community-wide context. This information is key for the conservation of threatened nectarivore species, such as the Cerrado-endemic Lonchophylla dekeyseri, for which data on its specialization on floral-resources is scarce. Within a seasonal and heterogeneous savanna in the central Brazilian Cerrado, we performed a year-round assessment of an inclusive assemblage of flower-visiting bats (both nectarivores and other guilds that can also feed on nectar) within a savanna-edge-forest gradient, the phenological trends and spatial distribution of bat and their resource plants, and the resultant temporal and spatial interaction networks between bats and plants in order to associate network structure to resource availability. Clear spatiotemporal trends emerged in the community. Nectarivores dominated the flower-visiting niche outside forests and were prolific floral visitors, resulting in networks with lower specialization and modularity. These bats diverged into savanna foragers active during the wet season and the wet-dry transition, and edge foragers active mostly during the dry season. The latter group encompassed L. dekeyseri, which visited mostly Bauhinia species. Frugivores took over as main floral visitors within forests, as well as during peak dry season, when fewer fruits were available, resulting in more specialized and modular networks. Our work shows that the turnover of floral resources across seasons and vegetation types has a defining role in bat-plant interactions and relates to network structure, as bat trophic guilds interact with plants in distinct habitats and times of the year. Frugivores dominate the flower-visiting niche in certain temporal and spatial subsets of the network, which calls for the inclusion of this guild in future studies. Moreover, the high visitation to Bauhinia species by L. dekeyseri during the dry season might reduce competition with other nectarivores and is relevant to the management of the species, although more data is needed on its resource consumption on a larger time frame and across its geographic range.

NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals Effects of Water Stress in the Primary and Specialized Metabolisms of Bauhinia ungulata L. (Fabaceae)

Bauhinia ungulata is a plant used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Phytochemical studies revealed flavonoids and the saccharide pinitol related to hypoglycemic activity of the Bauhinia species. To determine the effects of water deficit on ecophysiological parameter and metabolite fingerprints of B. ungulata, specimens were treated with the following water regimens under greenhouse conditions: daily watering (control), watering every 7 days (group 7D), and watering every 15 days (group 15D). Metabolite profiling of the plants subjected to water deficit was determined by LC-HRMS/MS. An NMR-based metabolomics approach applied to analyze the extracts revealed increased levels of known osmoprotective and bioactive compounds, such as D-pinitol, in the water deficit groups. Physiological parameters were determined by gas exchange in planta analysis. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in gas exchange under severe drought stress, while biomass production was not significantly different between the control and group 7D under moderate stress. Altogether, the results revealed that primary and specialized/secondary metabolism is affected by long periods of severe water scarcity downregulating the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites such as pinitol, and the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol. These results may be useful for guiding agricultural production and standardizing medicinal herb materials of this medicinal plant.

Antioxidants from Bauhinia and Future Research Gap

Flower buds of Bauhinia are utilized as a human means of nourishment, and the stem and leaves serve as feed for livestock across the world. This chapter highlights the medicinal importance of various parts of Bauhinia plants. Bauhinia plants’ edible regions are an excellent source of phytochemicals that have notable potential as antioxidants. Various phytochemical compounds that include Saponins, glycosides (kaempferol-3-glucoside), cardiac glycosides, sterols (β-sitosterol), tannins, phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids (Lupeol), quinones, flavanones and flavonoids reside in these plants. These plants exhibit powerful potential as antioxidants for lipid-reducing, metal-reducing, free radical scavenging activities and metal-chelating. These also demonstrate an encouraging impact on glutathione peroxidase activity, an antioxidant enzyme. Moreover, they inhibit tyrosinase activity. Moreover decreased the levels of different liver markers (ALT, AST and ALP), and antioxidant enzymes and shift them to normal levels. Among the several Bauhinia genus species that have been explored for their antioxidant potential and phytochemical constitution, Bauhinia variegata seeds, leaves and florets have superior antioxidant and phytochemical properties. Other Bauhinia genus species that are packed with antioxidants and phytochemicals include Bauhinia vahlii, Bauhinia strychnifolia Craib, Bauhinia rufescens, Bauhinia racemosa and Bauhinia purpurea. Moreover, many factors influence the anti-oxidant potential of medicinal plants but up to the study of the year 2023, only the impact of solvent on the Bauhinia species’ antioxidant potential has been studied, it is a necessity that upcoming research must focus on the research on remaining factors for maximum yield of antioxidants from this antioxidant-rich plant. The antioxidant capacity and phytochemical composition of Bauhinia plants render them the most suitable candidates for use in therapeutics and dietary supplements.

Anatomical and histochemical characterization of stem and leaves of Bauhinia pulchella Benth. (Fabaceae).

Bauhinia pulchella Benth. (Fabaceae), is native to Brazil and popularly known as pata-de-bode. In folk medicine, it is used to treat diabetes. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated different properties, such as cytotoxic and antioxidant, and different chemical constituents, such as essential oil, triterpenoids, steroids, among others. In order to highlight the morphological differences of the species B. pulchella from the others of the genus, and its pharmacological potential, the present study aimed to carry out the anatomical and histochemical characterization of the stem and leaves of B. pulchella. Usual methods in plant anatomy were used in the preparation of semi-permanent slides containing cross sections of the stem, petiole and leaf blade and paradermal sections of the leaf blade for analysis in light microscopy and polarized light. Histochemical tests were also performed to localize the metabolites in the stem and leaf blade. The stem of B. pulchella has a cylindrical outline, the bark is composed of 7-8 layers of cells and discontinuously distributed sclerenchyma; petiole presents flat convex contour, prominences in the adaxial region, concentric amphicrivral vascular bundle, surrounding a small concentric anfivasal intramedullary bundle, adaxially two accessory bundles and tector trichomes; leaf blade with anisocytic and tetracytic stomata on the adaxial surface and anisocytic, tetracytic and anomocytic on the abaxial surface; and midrib with plain-convex outline, 1-2 layers of collenchyma and covering trichomes. Characteristics that differ from other species of the genus Bauhinia. Alkaloids, phenolic compounds, lipophilic compounds, lignin, triterpenes, steroids and tannins were observed in the species. The results are fundamental for the pharmacobotanical standardization of the studied species.

A new species of Bauhinia (Cercidoideae, Leguminosae) from the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil

Bauhinia andrade-limae is a new species of Leguminosae endemic to the Atlantic Forest domain, occurring in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. The new species is morphologically similar to Bauhinia membranacea, both sharing largely ovate bilobed leaves with an obtuse apex, generally with nine main veins and lenticulate stems. B. andrade-limae differs from B. membranacea by the chartaceous leaves with a cordate base and congested lobes in at least 1/3 of the total length, upper and lower sides glabrous; flower buds up to 5.3 cm long in anthesis and glabrous, reticulate legume with woody valves. A detailed description with distribution, photographs and an illustration of the new species is provided.

BAUHINIA SPP. (PATA-DE-VACA) AND ITS BIOLOGICAL POTENTIALITIES – LITERATURE REVIEW

The genus Bauhinia popularly known as “pata-de-vaca”, “unha de vaca”, “unha de boi”, “unha de anta” e “casco de vaca” is widely used in the form of teas and other herbal preparations. The aim of this literature review was to show the diversity and biological potential of Bauhinia species for health promotion. A search was carried out for articles listing some species of medical interest. The pharmacological activities of B. forficata were also highlighted in articles published in the last twenty years using the PubMed database. Research has shown that Bauhinia is used as a hypoglycemic and antidiabetic agent, diuretic, cholesterol reducer, in the treatment of cystitis, intestinal parasites, elephantiasis, tumors and other ailments, including infections and painful processes. In the last eleven years, 86% of the works carried out with B. forficata used the plant collected or acquired in Brazil, predominantly publications from the southern region of the country where almost 60% reported activity on diabetes and its complications and/or antioxidant effect. Despite the literature pointing out the great medicinal potential of Bauhinia in chronic diseases and their complications, there is still a need for more translational research.

Development of a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for quantification of lupeol from different parts of Bauhinia acuminata.

The goal of the study was to determine how much lupeol was present in different Bauhinia acuminata samples. Lupeol was analyzed using a unique (verified) high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Separation of various compounds was achieved on silica gel (66 F 254) plates with toluene and methanol (99:1) as the mobile phase, followed by derivatization with Liebermann-Burchard reagent (r2 = 0.996). The proposed approach demonstrated a satisfactory linear relationship in the concentration range of 4-8 μg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 63.84 ng/spot and 208.57 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed method was a simple and precise procedure that provided good resolution with other constituents of extracts. The validated HPTLC method described was simple, dependable, and practical and could be useful for standardizing and evaluating the quality of herbal material and formulations containing various Bauhinia species. The leaf, stem, unsaponified matter leaf, and stem petroleum ether extract had good amounts of lupeol (25.75, 38.25, 1.65, and 1.75, respectively). This research will be helpful for the quantitative determination of lupeol from herbal formulations as well as useful for further studies in this area.

The complete chloroplast genome of Bauhinia racemosa Lam. (Fabaceae): a versatile tropical medicinal plant

Bauhinia racemosa Lam. (1783), a versatile medicinal plant, belongs to the family Fabaceae (subfamily Cercidoideae). In this study, we analyzed the complete chloroplast genome to facilitate its use in genetic research. The complete chloroplast genome of B. racemosa was found to be 155,501 bp long, including two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,446 bp, which are separated by a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,295 bp and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,314 bp. The overall GC content is 36.4%. The genome of B. racemosa contains 129 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, 8 rRNAs, and 1 pseudogene (rps19). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that B. racemosa forms a monophyletic clade with the other four Bauhinia species (B. brachycarpa, B. purpurea, B. blakeana and B. variegata var. variegata).

Review on chemical constituents of Bauhinia species

Review on chemical constituents of Bauhinia species

Rediscovery of Bauhinia conceptionis (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae), a rare and endemic species of Colombian legume from Chocó - Colombia, after eighty years

During a series of botanical fieldtrips in the rural areas of the municipality of Quibdó in the Pacific region of Colombia, between 2017 and 2018, a very small population of Bauhinia conceptionis Britton & Killip (Leguminosae: Cercidoideae) was detected. Bauhinia conceptionis, a rare and endemic species of Colombian legume was described based on specimens collected by W. A. Archer in 1931. Since then, the species has not been recorded again. Bauhinia conceptionis is distinguished from other Colombian species of Bauhinia by the following combination of characters: leaves suborbicular and bilobed for less than 1/5 their length, leaf base cordate and apical lobe rounded, stigma oblique – capitate, bud up to 5.5 cm long, and distribution restricted to the Chocó area. The stigma, anther and fruits are described for the first time, since the original description. We report the rediscovery of this species in its natural habitat, surroundings of La Concepcion River, area municipality of Quibdó, in a disturbed area of tropical rainforest subject to strong anthropogenic pressures including illegal logging; additionally, new taxonomic information of this specie is provided.

Chromatography Conditions Development by Design of Experiments for the Chemotype Differentiation of Four Bauhinia Species.

The extensive use of medicinal herbs to traditionally treat disease persists for generations, and scientific evidence on plant-derived extracts has indicated their numerous biological activities. The Bauhinia, popular known as cow’s paw (“pata de vaca”), with more than 60 native species, are extensively used in Brazilian popular medicine for the control of diabetes. Therefore, in 2009, B. forficata, B. variegata and/or B. affinis were included in the Brazilian National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to SUS (RENISUS - Brazil). In this context, this work reports the results of the chemical differentiation of B. forficata, B. variegata, B. longifolia, and B. affinis using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry and unsupervised chemometric tools. Chromatographic conditions were optimized by using the design of experiments (DoE) and chromatographic knowledge. Furthermore, the chemical profile of the studied species was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis that differentiated the four species of Bauhinia, and 55 compounds were also inferred by MS2 experiments, some of them for the first time in B. affinis. In this manner, this work provides important information that could be used in quality control, development of new pharmaceuticals, and food products based on Bauhinia leaves, as well as to explain ethnomedicinal properties, pharmacological and toxicological actions.