Baudrillard Research Articles

Prestige over Profit: The Practice of Digital Entrepreneurship among Millennial Generation in Indonesia

Digital entrepreneurship has recently become a trend in cyberspace and it is often associated with the millennials who were previously said to be the least entrepreneurial generation. The millennials are digital natives who tend to follow a trend because of globalization which opens up unlimited public spaces. This article aims to examine the motives of the Indonesian millennial generation in doing digital entrepreneurship through qualitative research methods and Jean Baudrillard's post-modern theory approach. The required data were collected through interview and observation methods. This article argues that the main motive of Indonesian millennials in digital entrepreneurship is not profit-seeking, but rather prestige-seeking by following trends on social media so that digital entrepreneurship develops among millennials. The results of the study show that the tendency of being social media trend followers has encouraged Indonesian millennials to run digital entrepreneurship. The millennials tried to follow the trend of digital entrepreneurship to express their identities in the public sphere to create a good image of themselves. By doing so, they expected to be considered prestigious members of digital society with higher social status.

Waste and historicity in the Anthropocene

ABSTRACT This article argues that historical existence in the Anthropocene is constituted by waste. As both act and product waste increasingly dominate natural, social, and political environments. The Anthropocene as a threshold in natural history then is inseparable from the profusion of waste that has accompanied its rise. Our insatiable wastefulness and our reforming of the planet with trash in turn create distinct consequences for historical consciousness and historical theory. Historical thinking and historical writing must reckon with waste in its physical and metahistorical registers. Key to this challenge is the thought of Georges Bataille, who attempted to reorient political economy by centering waste in place of production. With expenditure at the center of human existence, twenty-first-century historians can undertake an analogous restructuring of historical knowledge. Waste constitutes a central experience of sovereignty. In wasting, the consumer attains momentary sovereignty over self, world, and history. This article also examines Jean Baudrillard’s articulation of the end of history as a moment of refusal in order to sketch how waste has emerged as a historical condition. As a consequence of this connection, it also considers how the historicity of waste might reshape the self-understanding of historians as they take stock of the Anthropocene. (7724 words)

Hiperrealitas Belanja Online Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Hyperreality indicates that the old reality has died and been replaced by a new reality where this can be seen from the pervasiveness of pseudo reality which is difficult to distinguish from the real one. This pseudo reality is an e-commerce’s world where many people find it easy to access and get a product of what they need only through internet devices and smart devices that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. Students are probably one of the e-commerce users who get a lot of convenience and can also save time when accessing e-commerce platforms on their smart devices. This study uses a qualitative approach with the type of phenomenological research where researchers identify human experiences about a particular phenomenon that is being studied. Collecting data using the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subject itself involved students from the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Data analysis using the Moustakas method. This study uses the theory of hyperreality from Jean Baudrillard which explains that there are three stages of the subject before entering hyperreality, namely the stages of simulation, simulacra, and simulacrum. Simulation is an e-commerce, simulacra is the equivalent of sign manipulation that requires a reference model to identify oneself, while in simulacrum the subject has lost his identity because he has become the reference model of himself. Based on the results of research on e-commerce that occurs among students, there is a hyperreality that occurs due to lifestyle factors that always align with their friendship environment and are also influenced by activities on social media where users are always offered product display advertisements. Hyperreality can be seen from those who have consumptive behaviours where they buy an item not based on what they need, but based on their sheer desire to affirm their social class. Keywords: Hyperreality, E-commerce, Simulation, Simulacra, Simulacrum

HYPERREALITY GAME ONLINE MENJERUMUSKAN GAMER MENJADI HYPER-LIFE?

This paper aims to explore Jean Baudrillard's thoughts on hyperreality theory which is used as a tool to examine the phenomenon of gamer hyperreality. According to the author, this is important considering the growing online game and its impact not only on social but also on the death of its players. This paper uses a literature study approach with the main source of the work of Jean Baudrillard. This paper concludes that: first, online games are a tangible form for gamers. Second, humans as a concrete form have become abstract as a result of online games. Third, games are algorithm manipulation, and this is what causes gamers to become addicted to playing online games. Fourth, hyperreality gives birth to hyperlife for gamers so that they have neglected social responsibilities. Keywords: Hyperreality, game online, gamer, hyperlife

Cool premonitions: Jean Baudrillard’s America version 2.0

Jean Baudrillard’s highly controversial book America (published in French 1986, English translation 1988) constitutes the point of departure for an undergraduate class writing project which began in 2020. Students were encouraged to respond to the following prompt: what would an America 2.0 look like today in the midst of the Trump presidency? Here we have assembled and arranged the numerous fragments contributed by the students and the editors as a collaborative enterprise in thinking and writing differently.

Singularity and the Open-Ended Crisis

Abstract The study aims at investigating the phenomenon of crisis in the intersection of three areas: simulation, singularity and temporality. The argument develops a theory of the singular crisis whose instances are demonstrated and proved by the American thriller, Take Shelter (2011, Jeff Nichols). The applied concept of crisis is based on the argument that any critical period is treated by models derived from earlier crises. The theoretical background to the simulated operating mechanisms of the crisis is Jean Baudrillard’s and Gilles Deleuze’s appropriations of simulation and simulacra. In case the simulated problem-solving patterns fail in a critical period, the singular characteristics of the crisis can be observed. Based on examples taken from the film, the article argues that reaction to any given crisis is essentially built up by both hyperreal patterns governed by simulation and singular elements that simulation cannot account for. The description of the temporal nature of crises is heavily dependent on interpretation, thus their temporal span is observed from the vantage point of their singular characteristics. The study argues that crises are characteristically open-ended but their endpoint is predominantly designated in hindsight to render the crisis as a finished time period for the sake of manageability.

Online Shop dan Tren Gaya Hidup Shopaholic di Kalangan Mahasiswi

The increasing development of online shops is one of the factors in the occurrence of shopaholic behavior. Shopping through online shops is also conducted by women, especially female students, in the village of Dadapan Lamongan. This study examines how the typology of the shopaholic lifestyle for women, especially female students, in the village of Dadapan and what factors influence women in the village of Dadapan to become shopaholic perpetrators. This study uses a qualitative method with phenomenological approach in understanding the lifestyle changes behind their actions in online shopping. The data were analyzed using the theory of consumption society Jean Baudrillard. There are several findings from this study: 1) There are several shopaholic typologies experienced by women in Dadapan village, namely, the shopaholic type who does not lose to others, the shopaholic type follows trends, the shopaholic type has impulsive symptoms on the spot, and the last is the shopaholic type that is similar. 2). Online shopping addiction can shape changes in the lifestyle of women in Dadapan Village. The factors that cause the shopaholic lifestyle are because they always follow the development of products in the online shop and always monitor the latest products in the online shop. The rise of online shop sites has also caused women in Dadapan Village, especially female students, to behave shopaholic.

The Fear of Freedom in Hyperreality and its Adverse Effect on Identity in Bret Easton Ellis’ American Psycho

Neoliberal ideology immensely celebrated individual and collective freedom, yet fell short of realizing that freedom itself can sometimes be the cause of fear and anxiety. In seeking to “liberate” the processes of capital accumulation, neoliberalism essentially created a form of hypercapitalism: a relatively new form of capitalism marked by the advancement in technology, media, and virtual reality. This economic system lead to a fragmentation of social life by allowing commercial or business interests to penetrate every aspect of human experience, leading to, what Jean Baudrillard called, a hyperreal mode of existence. In Bret Easton Ellis’ American Psycho (1991), the notorious Wall Street banker, Patrick Bateman follows an apparent decline from a cynical misanthrope to a psychotic serial killer within the free-market hyperreal environment of the Reagan era. The novel portrays a nightmarish vision of freedom, the unbearable anxiety it creates, and individual’s psychological urge to flee from it. Through three socio-psychological mechanisms, Erich Fromm calls, automation conformity, authoritarianism, and destructiveness, Patrick attempts to flee from the freedom that brings anxiety with itself. Although these unconscious attempts are employed to sooth Patrick’s loneliness and alienation, they do not solve the underlying problem. The cost is a crisis of Patrick’s individuality, subsequently forfeiting all comprehension of his own selfhood and identity.

CINEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE MUMBAI MAFIOSI IN ‘BLACK FRIDAY’ - A SIMULATION OF REALITY

The organised crime syndicate of the commercial capital of India, Mumbai, is renowned for its notoriety and blasphemy. The den of the most heinous dons, Mumbai, has suffered a lot in terms of loss of lives and property. Extortion, prostitution, human smuggling, and human trafficking are some of the menaces that Mumbai faces even today. The 1993 bomb blasts is one such incident which shuddered the faith of human beings in the almighty. The loss of several innocent lives, public and private property cannot be recovered ever. The relatives of the dead victims still feel the chill down their spine, when they revisit those fearsome lanes of memories. This event was so massive in its form that the entire world was shaken. In the year 2002, veteran journalist and author, S. Hussain Zaidi penned down the events of this mammoth attack in his book, Black Friday. His detailed research on the entire episode along with the police encounters and arrests, is laudable. This was later adapted by filmmaker, Anurag Kashyap in his movie, of the same name, where he depicted the series of events through the lens of his imagination. This research is an attempt to study the film with relation to the original work of Zaidi. The different camera shots, angles, make-up, dialogues and narration techniques used to create a simulacrum or hyperreality will be the focus of the research. The researcher will also explore the aestheticism of realistic cinema. The paper is based on the theoretical framework of Jean Baudrillard’s ‘Simulacra and Simulation’, auteur theory and realistic cinema of Andre Bazin and Andrew Sarris.

Al-Amidi's Critical Thinking and Its Implications to The Discussion of Postmodernism Literature Criticism

<p>This research aims to elaborate al-Amidi's critical thinking and express its implication in the discourse of postmodernism literary criticism. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection uses reading and note-taking techniques. The triangulation used in this research is data triangulation. The data analysis method in this research uses content analysis and hermeneutics methods with elements of interpretation, description, and comparison. The results of this research indicate that al-Amidi's critical method has implication in postmodernist literary discourse on the objectivity aspect of simulation in the narrative of a character based on Jean Baudrillard's assumptions. That is, although postmodernist literature tends to subjectivity to the author, it does not completely forget the basic structure that builds a literary work through a very deconstructive process of meaning. Because in essence, postmodernism has never really been separated from modernism which tends to be objective. If al-Amidi is more inclined to criticism of poetry, then postmodernist literature is more visible in literary works in the form of prose, such as short stories and novels.</p>

Analisis Hiperrealitas pada Film Aquaman sebagai Komoditas Kekuatan Kapitalis

Film has the power to construct a person through the symbols it sends in each scene. In addition to the construction of meaning, film also has the power to fold and manipulate reality into nothing more than a narrow screen. This is known as hyperreality. Aquaman is a DC fantasy film that tells the story of the perfection of the hyperreal world of Atlantis. This study aims to analyze the hyperreality in the Aquaman film in order to build awareness that the visualization of the world of Atlantis is a commodity by capitalist forces. The researcher used a qualitative method with Roland Barthes' Semiotics analysis technique. The theory in this study uses the Theory of Simulacra and Hyperreality by Jean Baudrillard. Barthes' semiotics is used to observe the entire content of the film and analyze the meaning of denotation, connotation, and myth to find out its suitability with Baudrillard's thinking. The results show that this film is closely related to the concept of hyperreality which has passed through a series of 4 imaging phases. Hyperreality in the Aquaman film refers to everything that is "beyond reality" which is shown by (1) The Fictional Love Story of Two Worlds, (2) The Consumption of the Mythical Trident Fantasy Weapon, (3) The Presence of the Superpower Figure of the Fiction Figure Aquaman, (4) Visualization of the World Fantasy of Atlantis, and (5) Use of Technology in presenting the fantasy of Atlantis. Through the presentation of the Aquaman film, hyperreality is capitalism's way of offering technological sophistication and fantasy for profit and leading the masses to consume Aquaman's commodities. Society needs to prioritize logical rationality in viewing the imagination of a film

Game in Philosophy of Jean Baudrillard: Limits of Understanding

This paper analyzes the essence of the phenomenon of the game in the philosophy of J. Baudrillard. The conceptual core of the study consists of the following aspects: game as a sign of reality, game as a game, in reality, game with reality through the media, and game as a postmodern carnival. The study led to the following conclusions: the game is an integral part of the leading concepts and themes in the philosophy of Baudrillard, such as implosion, apotropia, singularity, hyperreality, simulacra, etc.; the interpretation of the essence of the game in the philosophy of the French philosopher changes depending on the plane of the research; the game escapes definition, fitting into the various contexts of the topics raised, being a phenomenon with an ambiguous status; the game has conceptual boundaries within various themes, but acts as a transgressive phenomenon.

COMMODIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS THROUGH THE PRACTICE OF ISLAMIC LIFESTYLE ON HIJABERS IN KEDIRI

Globalization not only affected the development of science and technology but also the socio-religious life of society. In this study, religious symbols are reproduced into a phenomenon in the form of a trend or Islamic lifestyle applied by Hijabers Kediri. This study was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection carried out in 3 ways: observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were the chairman and members who play an active role in the Hijabers Kediri community. Sources of data were in the form of primary and secondary data sources. This study was analyzed using the Theory of Consumption Society by Jean Baudrillard. So the results obtained are that the consumption community has been represented concretely by Hijabers Kediri through the Islamic Lifestyle that they applied, where hijab is a consumptive cultural lighter for Muslim women. It was no longer a religious symbol used to cover aurat as outlined in Islamic law. However, it is a fashionable need to use the hijab. The use of famous brands is carried out not based on need but an urge to do "updating" so that they are not alienated in their social groups.

GAYA HIDUP KONSUMTIF SEBAGAI DAMPAK ADANYA ONLINE SHOP DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA SOSIOLOGI ANGKATAN 2021

Hadir nya aplikasi online shop adalah salah satu dampak dari globalisasi. Aplikasi online shop ini memudahkan banyak orang untuk berbelanja, terutama para remaja. Tak terkecuali mahasiswa Sosiologi angkatan 2021 Universitas Negeri Malang. Maka dari itu kami mengambil judul penelitian Gaya Hidup Konsumtif sebagai Dampak Hadirnya Online Shop di The presence of an online shop application is one of the impacts of globalization. This online shop application makes it easy for many people to shop, especially teenagers. No exception for Sociology students batch 2021, State University of Malang. The purpose of this study was to find out changes in student lifestyles as a result of the online shop among students majoring in Sociology batch 2021, State University of Malang. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with open interview data collection techniques and literature study. After interviewing several students, it can be concluded that online shopping is very popular because it is easy and has many choices. Besides that, online shopping can also save time. However, this shopping habit has a negative impact among students, namely a consumptive lifestyle that is difficult to avoid. The emergence of a consumptive lifestyle as a result of the existence of an online shop is in line with Jean Baudrillard's theory of consumption society, where current consumption is not based on need but based on desire.

Happiness by Design: Modernism and Media in the Eames Era by Justus Nieland

Reviewed by: Happiness by Design: Modernism and Media in the Eames Era by Justus Nieland Dan Bashara (bio) Happiness by Design: Modernism and Media in the Eames Era by Justus Nieland. University of Minnesota Press. 2020. 400 pages $160 hardcover; $39.95 paper; also available in e-book. "Do designers ever sleep?"1 In Happiness by Design: Modernism and Media in the Eames Era, Justus Nieland highlights the tirelessness of Charles and Ray Eames, their commitment to design as a force for social transformation, and their conviction that work is play and play is happiness. But this isn't just a book about the Eameses; in invoking the "Eames era," Nieland conjures an ensemble of designers, filmmakers, theorists, artists, and other cultural figures who contributed to the development and the texture of the American midcentury. At the core of the invigoratingly dizzying array of ideas in this book—communication, transparency, democracy, technophilia, organicism, and, yes, happiness—is film, and more specifically, film's role in the development of an interdisciplinary design discourse promising the good life. And we can't talk about any of these ideas, or any of these people, without talking about Charles and Ray Eames. Not for nothing does Nieland refer to the postwar power couple as "the happy protagonists of midcentury lifestyle media."2 Nieland has done mind-bogglingly exhaustive research into this moment, and the result is a dazzling intellectual history of a period marked [End Page 203] by creative ferment and interdisciplinary collaboration. One of the book's greatest strengths is the way it situates the Eameses within a vast network of transdisciplinary figures; far more than merely fleshing out the history of the titular couple, Nieland conjures a widespread and intricately connected milieu. Reading these microhistories often feels like finding out two of your closest friends knew each other independently of you, long before you met them. Eero Saarinen, Billy Wilder, and Norbert Wiener appeared together in a public affairs TV segment devoted to the Eameses? Maya Deren hung around with László Moholy-Nagy? Jean Baudrillard joined environmental protestors to interrupt Walter Paepcke's design conference? Nieland's talent not just for finding connections between far-flung figures, but also for transporting the reader to the places where they connected, brings this deeply theoretical work of historiography to immediate, tangible life. Through these stories, Happiness by Design develops a divergent, design-oriented film theory "shaped by a modernist aesthetics and ideology of information that crossed a range of disciplines and institutional agendas."3 Part of Nieland's project is to challenge the dominant idea of modernism at midcentury as willfully difficult, obsessed with medium specificity, and devoted to the personal expression of the artist. He foregrounds a modernism running parallel to this old story, one that is in almost every way its opposite: transparent instead of obscure, televised instead of cloistered, promiscuous instead of pure. It is a modernism of toys and chairs, of serious ideas expressed in whimsical photographs. It is not a modernism of austere contemplation; it is a modernism of happiness. Yet in all this discussion of happiness and the good life, Nieland doesn't shy away from the Eameses' complicity in larger and more overtly ideological projects of nation-building and corporate hegemony. If happy modernism was envisioned for everyone, it was also swept up in burgeoning technocracy and corporate managerial logics that threaten to discipline as much as they aim to liberate. He follows these tensions into design studios, conferences, and schools, tracing the development of a film theory that is rigorously interdisciplinary and immersed in the language of design. Chapter 1 is about chairs. But in exploring the Eameses' work in furniture, Nieland embraces the Eames ethos in his own scholarship: if you're talking about chairs, you're actually talking about everything. In his inventive readings of Eames furniture, as well as the films about that furniture, Nieland hits upon the core of the Eameses' worldview: they didn't care about things. They cared about the variety of things, the networks those things reached out to join, the permutations that arose when chairs and sofas met the people who sat in them. The chapter masterfully...

Fitness at a distance: towards marginal differences in global fitness

ABSTRACT This research paper studies fitness as a leisure activity in the context of Thailand. It considers fitness as the interplay between both consumption and production and globalisation and localisation. I conduct an autoethnography to study the effects of using a global fitness application on training my body and recreating self for fitness. My study thus focuses only on fitness as a form of home workout. I use Jean Baudrillard’s concept of the ‘consumer society’ to critically investigate how the global fitness culture and the quest for the ideal body affect the recreation of body and self, and how body and self in the local context appropriate the global fitness culture and the ideal body. I look only at relevant elements of Baudrillard’s theory, including socially created needs, the significations of the body and marginal difference, which I regard as social processes of recreating the body and the self. By drawing upon Baudrillard, I contend that home workouts reproduce the self with marginal difference and that significations of the body respond only to the models of the global fitness culture and the ideal body.

Sans soleil by Chris Marker. The essay film and its cinematic thinking process: reflecting on postmodernity

ABSTRACT The essay film is defined by its capability to embody an audiovisual thinking process. Chris Marker’s Sans soleil/Sunless (1983) is undoubtedly one of the highest expressions of this filmic form, which reflects on postmodernity through the nature of images. This article aims to analyse the thinking in act of the film, using Jacques Rancière’s concept of sentence-image, and applying Gilles Deleuze’s theory of the time-image and the crystal-image. The cinematic thinking process forces the spectator to constantly transform the actual image/virtual image relationship of the film until it reaches a time-image and crystal-image of postmodernity. It is possible thanks to the shifts among the different subjectivities created by Marker and the interstices they generate. This shift also reaches a crystal-image as a materialisation of the postmodern concept of alterity as analysed by Paul Ricœur and Zygmunt Bauman. The reflection is constructed by means of an itinerary through four types of images and their screens – film image, television image, electronic image and video game image – in order to develop the image-memory-history axis and to generate an audiovisual reflection on postmodernity in total consonance with Jean Baudrillard’s theory of the image, Marc Augé’s of non-places and Fredric Jameson’s of the postmodern historicism.

Konsumsi Media Sosial Tik Tok pada Mahasiswa Universitas Sriwijaya Kampus Indralaya

This research is entitled "The Consumption of Social Media Tik Tok in Sriwijaya University Students, Indralaya". The phenomenon of using social media Tik Tok has become a trend in all circles, including students. The various filters and features provided by Tik Tok also make it easier for users to distribute their creativity, talents, hobbies and more, even Tik Tok users can spend hours watching and scrolling For Your Page (FYP). The research problem taken in this study is about the process of social media consumption in Sriwijaya University students and the self-image of social media Tik Tok users in Sriwijaya University students. This research was conducted with a qualitative method. The findings were obtained from primary data in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the theory of Hyperreality and Simulacra from Jean Baudrillard. The results of this study indicate that social media Tik Tok consumption among Sriwijaya University students is not only based on usefulness or need, but also on the basis of wanting to get social status and prestige, and they use Tik Tok to show differences (differentiation) which is a reference in lifestyle. Even farther, the results of the study also show that the self-image displayed by Sriwijaya University students is as a content creator of song lyrics, sholawat, comedians, entrepreneurs, and content creators whose image is based only on entertainment such as singing, dancing, and K-popers.

Materialism as a fatal strategy: Jean Baudrillard’s critical path of modernity

ABSTRACT Jean Baudrillard took the ‘object’ of everyday experience and developed it into the ‘Object’ that escapes the subject-object relationship, and in this way formulated a unique version of the theory of materialism. Taken in its extreme form, the later Baudrillard termed it the ‘fatal strategy’, that is, the strategy for eliminating the subject-object relationship by means of the endless proliferation of objects. This demonstrates the particular ways in which Baudrillard tried to respond to, criticize, and even shatter the subject-object relationship by completely subverting the logic of subjectivism. In his theoretical situating, the ‘Object’ will chase off the subject through ‘seduction’, ‘disappearance’, and ‘catastrophe’, and this ‘revolt of the object’ is in his view the only remedy for the crisis of modernity. In the author’s view, however, such ‘terrorism of objects’ does not occur groundlessly, and Baudrillard’s extremization of the ‘logic of the object’ should be viewed as resulting from the Marxism that was constantly evolving and deepening and its inheritance in the West, that were combined with the contemporary realities of capitalism.

A Library of One's Own

A Library of One's Own