Batubara District Research Articles

Tuberculosis risk factors in children with smear-positive tuberculosis adult as household contact

Background Children in household contact of adults with smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) are at higher risk of TB infection. Screening of these children is a main strategy for eliminating childhood TB.Objective To determine risk factors of TB among children in household contact with smear-positive adult TB patients.Methods This case-control study was conducted in 5 public health centers at Batu Bara District, North Sumatera. We studied children from birth to 18 year-old living in the same house as adults with smear-positive TB. A tuberculosis scoring system was used to diagnosis TB in the children. Associations between risk factors and the incidence of TB were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and logistic regression tests.Results We enrolled 145 children who had household contact with smear-positive adult TB patients. Subjects were allocated to either the case group [TB score >6; 61 subjects (42.0%)] or the control group [TB score <6; 84 subjects (58.0%)]. Bivariate analysis revealed that nutritional status, immunization status, number of people in the house, sleeping in the same bed, and duration of household contact had significant associations with the incidence of TB. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, nutritional status and duration of household contact were significant risk factors for TB, with OR 5.89 and 8.91, respectively.Conclusion Malnutrition and duration of household contact with smear-positive adult TB patients of more than 6 hours per day were risk factors for TB among children.

Obesity and functional constipation in children

Background Functional constipation is a common pediatric problem in both developed and developing countries. In the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity itself leads to many health problems, including functional constipation. Studies correlating obesity to functional constipation have thus far mostly originated from developed countries.Objective To assess for a possible correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children in a developing country.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Mukhlisin Islamic Boarding School, Batu Bara District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, between July and August 2015. The subjects were 150 students aged 12 to 17 years. Questionnaires were used to determine functional constipation and filled by direct interview. Obesity was determined by body mass index. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results Of 150 children, 49 had functional constipation; and 18 of the 49 were obese. The mean age of children with constipation was 14.7 (SD 1.07) years (95%CI 14.1 to 14.7) and their mean body weight was 53.8 (SD 15.10) kg (95%CI 49.4 to 58.1). The prevalence for functional constipation in obese children was 58% There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation (prevalence ratio=4; 95%CI 1.72 to 8.94; P=0.001), indicating that obese children had 4 times higher risk of having functional constipation.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children.

Obesity and functional constipation in children

Background Functional constipation is a common pediatric problem in both developed and developing countries. In the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity itself leads to many health problems, including functional constipation. Studies correlating obesity to functional constipation have thus far mostly originated from developed countries.Objective To assess for a possible correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children in a developing country.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Mukhlisin Islamic Boarding School, Batu Bara District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, between July and August 2015. The subjects were 150 students aged 12 to 17 years. Questionnaires were used to determine functional constipation and filled by direct interview. Obesity was determined by body mass index. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.Results Of 150 children, 49 had functional constipation; and 18 of the 49 were obese. The mean age of children with constipation was 14.7 (SD 1.07) years (95%CI 14.1 to 14.7) and their mean body weight was 53.8 (SD 15.10) kg (95%CI 49.4 to 58.1). The prevalence for functional constipation in obese children was 58% There was a statistically significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation (prevalence ratio=4; 95%CI 1.72 to 8.94; P=0.001), indicating that obese children had 4 times higher risk of having functional constipation.Conclusion There is a significant correlation between obesity and functional constipation in children.

Analisis Kompetensi Guru Biologi SMA Se-Kabupaten Batu Bara

The objective of this research was to observe the pedagogic, professional, personal, and social competence of high school biology teachers in Batu Bara district. The population in this research were all of biology teacher in high school of Batu Bara district as many 22 people. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with a sample of 22 teachers, 90 students from 9 schools were each taken 10 students, 3 lecturers as validator expert. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative. Data were collected using questionnaire of observation, test comprehension, student assessment, teacher and student questionnaires. The results showed that pedagogic competence was appropriate, with the highest result in the mastery of the learning (4,85±0,357) and pre-learning (4,32±0,862) but still in appropriate criteria, from the test given to teachers on average 57,72 % of teachers can answer the test given by the highest score successfully answered 39 questions with 78% comprehension level of the lowest value just answer 11 questions with a level of comprehension 22%.In the professional competence of the teaching materials scored significantly higher values ​​(116.05 ± 6.973) and the lowest value (38.91 ± 3.350) suggesting that teacher professional attitude towards the teaching materials they provide.The results of a questionnaire assessment of teachers and students questionnaire also showed the results of personal competence and social competence biology teacher in Batu Bara District was very well.At the personal competence, the average value of the total aspects of the assesment (77.68 ± 5.867) and assessment of students with an average value (89.77 ± 4.350), and on the social competence, the mean value of the total aspects of the assessment (85.09 ± 3.829 ) on the teacher questionnaire, as well as the mean value (87.53 ± 3.706) in the student questionnaire.This study has implications for the importance of sustainable development for high school biology teachers in Batu Bara district.

Kesiapan Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling Menjalani Penilaian Kinerja Guru

The aim of this research is to reveal the readiness of guidance and counseling teachers toward Teacher’s Performance Assesment (TPA) at the quality of their understanding and attitude by using quantitative-descriptive method.The subject of this research is all guidance and counseling teachers at State Senior High Schools and State Vocational High School in Batu Bara District, North Sumatera Province. The number of the research subjects is 33 persons. Semantic differential model scale is the instrument being used in this research to measure the understanding and attitude of research subjects toward TPA.Statistic technique of Mann Whitney U is used to compare the data of two independent samples, and of Kruskal Wallis One Way Anova is used to compare the data of more than two independent samples, and Correlation Product Moment to see the correlation of the data.Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the readiness scores of research subjects toward TPA are not in good category

A framework study of school facilities performance in public primary school of Batubara district in Indonesia

School facilities have the important role to ensure the quality of teaching and learning with respect to achieve quality of education. The performance of school facilities significantly affected on student achievement. Therefore, the study on measuring school facility performance is basically important to be taken in order to provide appropriate teaching and learning environment. This paper aims to discuss about framework on measuring the performance of school facilities in public primary school in Batubara district in Indonesia. The concept of facility conditions that identified by Schneider is applied as a basis to measure school facilities performance. The proposed framework is structured through distributed questionnaire spread over Batubara district in order to find the level of school facilities performance from stakeholder perspective, in this case for those who work in school that using facilities. The level of school performance will be ranged from poor to excellent. The results are expected to be used as a guide for school to improve school facilities in public primary school in Indonesia concurrently leading to the improvement of the quality of education in Indonesia in the future.