Battelle Research Research Articles

Complex Network Analysis of Surface Electromyography Shows Impaired Global Structure of Chronic Stroke Survivors with Hemiparesis

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To investigate the use of high-density surface electromyography (EMG) and complex network analysis to quantify upper extremity motor impairment in chronic stroke survivors with hemiparesis. EMG can provide insights into the residual neuro-muscular activity during attempted functional movement. Using network analysis, we can determine how different muscle regions interact to create complex motion and the associated deficits after stroke. <h3>Design</h3> In three two-hour sessions, we led participants through attempted functional movements of the hand, fingers, and wrist while recording EMG activity using the NeuroLife® Sleeve, a 150-electrode wearable forearm garment. <h3>Setting</h3> Studies were conducted within Battelle's research facilities in Columbus, Ohio. <h3>Participants</h3> Six chronic stroke survivors (>6 months post-stroke) with moderate UE impairment (UEFM: 7-38). <h3>Interventions</h3> Not applicable. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Global efficiency and local clustering of the functional EMG networks. Global efficiency measures the ease of traversal of the network topology, with many regions in close coordination with each other showing increased efficiency. Local clustering measures the amount of electrode triads that appear in the network architecture, a measure of local microstructure. <h3>Results</h3> We find that network graphs from participants show differing topological structure that relates to the level of impairment of the participant. Specifically, participants with moderate to severe hand impairment had lower global network efficiency and local clustering when compared to mild-impairment participants or able-bodied controls. These results show that differences in network topology are sensitive to the pathophysiology that follows stroke. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Complex network analysis of surface EMG can provide a novel, quantifiable assessment of the extent of deficit in subjects with chronic stroke. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> None.

Reducibility of the quantum harmonic oscillator in d-dimensions with finitely differentiable perturbations

In this paper, the d-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator with a pseudo-differential time quasi-periodic perturbation iψ̇=(−Δ+V(x)+ϵW(ωt,x,−i∇))ψ,x∈Rd is considered, where ω ∈ (0,2π)n, V(x)≔∑j=1dvj2xj2,vj≥v0&amp;gt;0, and W(θ, x, ξ) is a real polynomial in (x, ξ) of degree at most two, with coefficients belonging to Cℓ in θ∈Tn for the order ℓ satisfying ℓ ≥ 2n + β, 0 &amp;lt; β &amp;lt; 1. Using the techniques developed by Bambusi et al. [Anal. PDE 11(3), 775–799 (2018)] and Rüssmann [“On optimal estimates for the solutions of linear partial differential equations of first order with constant coefficients on the torus,” in Dynamical Systems, Theory and Applications, Lecture Notes in Physics Vol. 38 (Rencontres, Battelle Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 1975), pp. 598–624], this paper shows that for any ϵ small enough, there is a set Dϵ⊂(0,2π)n with a big Lebesgue measure such that for any ω∈Dϵ, the system is reducible.

Comment

The latest report from Battelle's research of interest to coatings chemists is that applications and benefits of their Free Volume Microprobe (FVM), a new analytical technology for polymers and coating science, will be explored in a proposed multiclient programme.

The demand for gold by industry: The European and American markets

Little information on the consumption of gold in technological or decorative applications is published. The International Gold Corporation therefore recently commissioned detailed surveys in Western Europe and the U.S.A. with the objective of acquiring quantitative data on two markets which together account for a major fraction of the total demand for gold for fabrication. The present article relies heavily on the results of these studies which were conducted by Michalopoulos and Parker, of Washington, D.C., C.G. Wedgewood and Co., of London, and Battelle Research Centre, of Geneva.

The demand for gold by industry

Little information on the consumption of gold in technological or decorative applications is published. The International Gold Corporation therefore recently commissioned detailed surveys in Western Europe and the U.S.A. with the objective of acquiring quantitative data on two markets which together account for a major fraction of the total demand for gold for fabrication. The present article relies heavily on the results of these studies which were conducted by Michalopoulos and Parker, of Washington, D.C., C.G. Wedgewood and Co., of London, and Battelle Research Centre, of Geneva.

The Battelle Memorial Institute's Human Affairs Research Centers

The Battelle Memorial Institute, which began operations in 1929 at its corporate site in Columbus, Ohio, is the largest multinational, public purpose, not-for-profit research organization in the world. Its 7,500 natural scientists, engineers, social scientists, and support personnel are engaged in a broad range of research which embraces the physical, life, and social/behavioral sciences. Battelle operates major research centers in Columbus, Ohio; Frankfurt, Germany; Geneva, Switzerland; and Richland and Seattle, Washington. Battelle's research volume in 1980 was $811 million, which included projects in 75 countries throughout the world. A major objective of Battelle is to benefit mankind by the advancement and utilization of science through technological innovation and educational activities and dissemination of knowledge through publications.Until the late 1960s, Battelle was known primarily for its research in the physical and life sciences (including the basic research and development of xerography in the mid-1940s). In 1971 the Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers (HARC) was created to do basic and applied research in the social and behavioral sciences. HARC is a multidisciplinary social science organization that conducts research and educational activities directed toward the solution of significant societal problems. Its staff of over 1 50, which is located in Seattle and Washington, D.C. and includes political scientists, policy analysts, sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, international affairs and defense specialists, urban planners, and statisticians, is one of the largest non-academic groups of social scientists in the United States.

The Battelle Memorial Institute's Human Affairs Research Centers

The Battelle Memorial Institute, which began operations in 1929 at its corporate site in Columbus, Ohio, is the largest multinational, public purpose, not-for-profit research organization in the world. Its 7,500 natural scientists, engineers, social scientists, and support personnel are engaged in a broad range of research which embraces the physical, life, and social/behavioral sciences. Battelle operates major research centers in Columbus, Ohio; Frankfurt, Germany; Geneva, Switzerland; and Richland and Seattle, Washington. Battelle's research volume in 1980 was $811 million, which included projects in 75 countries throughout the world. A major objective of Battelle is to benefit mankind by the advancement and utilization of science through technological innovation and educational activities and dissemination of knowledge through publications.Until the late 1960s, Battelle was known primarily for its research in the physical and life sciences (including the basic research and development of xerography in the mid-1940s). In 1971 the Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers (HARC) was created to do basic and applied research in the social and behavioral sciences. HARC is a multidisciplinary social science organization that conducts research and educational activities directed toward the solution of significant societal problems. Its staff of over 1 50, which is located in Seattle and Washington, D.C. and includes political scientists, policy analysts, sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, international affairs and defense specialists, urban planners, and statisticians, is one of the largest non-academic groups of social scientists in the United States.

The Battelle Memorial Institute's Human Affairs Research Centers

The Battelle Memorial Institute, which began operations in 1929 at its corporate site in Columbus, Ohio, is the largest multinational, public purpose, not-for-profit research organization in the world. Its 7,500 natural scientists, engineers, social scientists, and support personnel are engaged in a broad range of research which embraces the physical, life, and social/behavioral sciences. Battelle operates major research centers in Columbus, Ohio; Frankfurt, Germany; Geneva, Switzerland; and Richland and Seattle, Washington. Battelle's research volume in 1980 was $811 million, which included projects in 75 countries throughout the world. A major objective of Battelle is to benefit mankind by the advancement and utilization of science through technological innovation and educational activities and dissemination of knowledge through publications.Until the late 1960s, Battelle was known primarily for its research in the physical and life sciences (including the basic research and development of xerography in the mid-1940s). In 1971 the Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers (HARC) was created to do basic and applied research in the social and behavioral sciences. HARC is a multidisciplinary social science organization that conducts research and educational activities directed toward the solution of significant societal problems. Its staff of over 1 50, which is located in Seattle and Washington, D.C. and includes political scientists, policy analysts, sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, economists, international affairs and defense specialists, urban planners, and statisticians, is one of the largest non-academic groups of social scientists in the United States.

Authors

Authors

Controlled Rolled Steels for Offshore Pipeline

Controlled rolled X60, X65, and X70 steels, originally developed to meet the stringent requirements of arctic pipelining, have been used in offshore oil and gas pipelines. This paper discusses the technology and application of these acicular-ferrite and pearlite-reduced steels, which have been used successfully in several North Sea submarine pipelines. Introduction The last 10 years have seen a worldwide flurry of alloy design and development activity by manufacturers of large-diameter line pipe. This effort was stimulated by the discovery of large deposits of crude oil and natural gas in hostile environments. The North Sea as well as the arctic regions of North America and the Soviet Union require high-strength, tough, weldable steels, up to X70 quality, to meet severe installation and operating conditions. In the early 1960's, pipe manufacturers commonly offered large-diameter line pipe with only 52-ksi specified minimum yield strength. Wall thicknesses were usually no greater than 0.50 in. However, the new trend in the industry is to higher-strength, thicker-wall pipe. Large pipe, ranging from 30 to 48 in. in diameter and, in the Soviet Union, up to 56 in. in diameter, is being used. High operating pressures of 2,000 psig and above and pipelaying in water to depths well below 400 ft emphasize pipelaying in water to depths well below 400 ft emphasize the need for products with thicker walls. Pipe with wall thicknesses of 0.625.to 0.750 in. is already being used and 1-in.-thick pipe will be needed for future projects. projects. While pipe with 60-ksi yield strength (X60) is now in common use, products with higher strength (X65 and X70 grade) already have been placed in crude and natural gas transmission service. Several major projects planned for construction, including the Canadian Arctic Gas Pipeline in North America and the Stratfjord project in Pipeline in North America and the Stratfjord project in the North Sea, will use these higher-strength grades for technical and economic reasons. Installation and operation of oil or gas pipelines in cold, remote regions have led to an increase in toughness requirements by the pipeline designer. Battelle Research Laboratorie's drop-weight tear test (BDWTT) criteria are used to be sure that the steel will behave in a ductile manner. The operating temperature of the pipeline must be above the ductile-brittle fracture-appearance transition temperature (FATT). Extensive testing is carried out to assure that the pipeline operates above the BDWTT-FATT of the steel. To guard against fast-running ductile fracture, Charpy V-notch requirements, established by correlation with full-scale burst tests that simulate actual pipeline operating conditions, are often specified. Recently, in a program sponsored by the AGA, Battelle established the following empirical equation: Cv = 0.0108 (H)2 (Rt)1/3,......................(1) where Cv is the minimum, full-size Charpy energy in foot-pounds that will produce fracture arrest, H is the operating stress in ksi, and R is the pipe radius and t is the pipe-wall thickness, both expressed in inches. The specified minimum yield strength of the pipe multiplied by a suitable "safety factor" is equal to the operating stress, H. Eq. 1, using a safety factor of 0.72, which applies to natural gas transmission pipelines in the U.S., is shown graphically in Fig. 1. JPT P. 730

Idea‐generation for industrial firms—report on an international investigation

AbstractIn Germany a general interest in creativity and methods of idea‐generation for industrial use arose in the late '60s, although initially knowledge was largely confined to catchwords; additionally insufficient experience hampered the appropriate diffusion of idea‐generation techniques. For these reasons the Battelle‐lnstitut e. V. at Frankfurt in 1971 initiated an extensive experimental research project in the field of creative idea‐generation in industry. The most essential results from the research can be summarized as follows:1. Synopses of methods of idea‐generation in worldwide use enabled these methods to be grouped into six categories: Brainstorming methods (1), Brainwriting methods (2), Methods of creative orientation (3), Creative confrontation (4), Systematical structuring (5) and Systematical problem specification (6).2. Investigations enabled the optimum conditions to be specified for applying Brainstorming, Brainwriting, Synectics and Morphological Analysis (which have to be considered as key methods) in respect to e. g. group size, group structure, leadership style.3. Proposals were suggested for classifying problems into five different problem types (search, analysis, constellation, selection and consequence problems) together with recommendations on which problem type can be treated most efficiently with the available methods.4. Recommendations were made on how the various methods of idea‐generation can be integrated into complex problem‐solving processes.5. Original developments were reported of twelve alternative methods of idea‐generation by the Battelle research team, e.g. TILMAG (reported in this paper), Sequential Morphology, Visual Synectics and Hypotheses Matrix.The investigations also led to the conclusions that further research was particularly needed in problem classification, processes of analysing problems, procedures of evaluating ideas, and different techniques for prompting ideas.

Instrumented capsule for in-reactor fuel creep studies at high fission rates

An instrumented capsule for in-reactor creep studies of ceramic nuclear fuels at high fission rates has been designed, fabricated and succesfully operated. The capsule contains a device for loading the creep specimen in compression from 0 to 13,000 psi. The temperature is adjusted by means of both internal electrical heaters and a gas gap. The deformation of the specimen during creep is continuously measured by means of a constant gas flow, variable orifice device. Creep studies have been conducted in the Battelle Research Reactor on UO 2-22 w/o PuO 2 in the temperature range of 350 to 600°C, the stress range of 4000 to 8000 psi and the fission rate of 3.8 × 10 13 fissions/cm 3 sec. The creep rate under these conditions was found to be substantially increased as a result of the fission process.

Vacuum System for Irradiation Studies

An oil-free vacuum system capable of achieving vacuum levels of 10−6 Torr for in-pile experiments has been constructed at the pool-type Battelle Research Reactor (BRR). The pumping system which is mounted on a moveable bridge above the pool surface, consists of a 7500 liter/sec titanium sublimation pump and two 350-liter/sec triode-type ion pumps; system roughing is accomplished with a roots-type blower with a double-walled liquid nitrogen trap. Nine meters of 20.3-cm (8-in.) diam vacuum piping connect the pumping system to a test chamber at the core level. Test chamber geometry can be varied to fit either a 7.62×7.62-cm test cell or the core face. Neutron fluxes of 2×1013 neutron/cm2⋅sec (thermal) and 1×1013 neutron/cm2⋅sec (fast) are available and the maximum gamma rate is 108 R/h. Adjustments of desired gamma/neutron ratio are made by employing appropriate shielding at the core face. Irradiation effects on the performance of electro-mechanical components for space nuclear power systems have been studied at elevated temperatures (620–820 K) and a full-scale nuclear fueled thermionic diode is currently being prepared for irradiation in the system.

Authors and Papers

Authors and Papers

Factors Influencing the Effects of Reactor Radiations on Electrical Components

Experiments performed at the Battelle Research Reactor indicate that the output of electrical components is influenced by a radiation environment in several ways. Gamma radiation produces electron emission from metals, varying from 0.38 × 10−16 A/cm2 per R/h for aluminum to 6.1 × 10−16 A/cm2 per R/h for uranium. The gammas also ionize residual gas in the experiment test section and produce heating in the components. Thermal neutrons affect electrical components principally through reactions leading to the emission of beta particles. Fast neutrons and electrons (from various sources) sputter atoms from the surface of materials. The resistance of insulators may be drastically altered in a radiation field, principally by photoconduction. The magnitude of several of these effects of radiation is illustrated by a simple inpile experiment.

The Integral 9Be (n,2n) Cross Section

The integral 9Be (n, 2n) cross section was determined by using Be and BeO samples irradiated in the core of the Battelle Research Reactor. The value obtained was 460 ±60 mb for neutrons having energies above 2.7 MeV and a fission spectrum. Fast-neutron dosimetry was accomplished using iron, nickel, and titanium threshold detectors. The results are based on measurement of the total amount of helium produced during irradiation. Corrections were made for the small contribution from (n, α) reactions on 9Be and 16O.

Irradiation Studies of Ceramic-Coated Nuclear Fuel Particles

Irradiation studies of Al2O3-, BeO, and pyrolytic-carbon-coated fuel particles have been carried out in the Battelle Research Reactor. Alumina-coated UO2 particles were found to be capable of a high degree of fission-gas retention during irradiations to at least 10 per cent bumup at temperatures up to 1100 C, The use of thick Al2O3 coatings (about 60 microns) and porous UO2 particles (about 80 per cent dense) was determined to be necessary to prevent cracking of the coatings at low temperatures. Coarse-grained beryllia coatings on UO2 particles have cracked during irradiations at 100 C and during thermal cycling in elevated temperature irradiations, but better performance is expected with fine-grained material.Failure of pyrolytic carbon coatings on UC2 particles was prevented in low-temperature irradiations by using thick coatings (>100 microns), but at elevated temperatures it was learned that the coatings had to be multilayered as well. Very promising results were obtained for pyrolytic-carbon-coated UO2 particles, good performance being observed over the temperature range of 100–1050 C.

THE FIELD‐ION MICROSCOPE: 1. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Journal of the Royal Microscopical SocietyVolume 82, Issue 3 p. 179-184 THE FIELD-ION MICROSCOPE: 1. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT B. Ralph, B. Ralph Department of Metallurgy, University of CambridgeSearch for more papers by this authorD. G. Brandon, D. G. Brandon Department of Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Now at Battelle Research Institute, GenevaSearch for more papers by this author B. Ralph, B. Ralph Department of Metallurgy, University of CambridgeSearch for more papers by this authorD. G. Brandon, D. G. Brandon Department of Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Now at Battelle Research Institute, GenevaSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1964 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1964.tb05316.xCitations: 4 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume82, Issue3February 1964Pages 179-184 RelatedInformation

Capsule Irradiations of a Paste of Uranium—10 wt % Molybdenum Powder in NaK

Two in-pile capsule experiments have been performed to study the behavior during irradiation of a paste'' of fissionable particles settled at maximum density in a liquidmetal medium. The paste consisted of 150- mu nominal diameter, spherical particles of U-- 10 wt% Mo alloy in NaK and was irradiated to burnups of 0.0055 and 0.061 total at% in the Battelle Research Reactor. The irradiation capsule consisted essentially of a tube divided into two rtments by an orifice plate. The inside diameter of twin orifice tubes, projecting in either direction from the orifice plate, was such that the paste could flow by gravity from one compartment to the other. An underwater device to measure the gamma-ray emission from the irradiated fuel was used to check the mobility of the paste between increments of irradiation. The paste in the first experiment failed to flow after the first increment of irradiation, and examination of the capsule and particles failed to provide an explanation. The second experiment, performed after some refinements in procedure, was more successful. The mobility of the paste was demonstrated up to a burnup of 0.031 total at%, after which the flow became very sluggish even when assisted by vibration. Examination ofmore » the paste indicated that a buildup of oxide contamination in the capsule probably caused the sluggishness of the paste. There was no evidence in either experiment of particle agglomeration by a sintering or fission welding mechanism. (auth)« less