Batch Recycle Reactor Research Articles

An infrared study of isomerization of cyclo-olefins over zinc oxide

Infrared studies of olefin hydrogenation and isomerization over zinc oxide have led successfully to greater understanding of the nature of adsorption and reaction mechanisms on metal oxide catalysts. Previous studies have shown that, for the simplest olefin, ethylene, the mode of adsorption is via a π-bonded species; hydrogenation occurs through a half-hydrogenated ethyl radical intermediate. In addition for propylene, two adsorbed species occur—a π-bonded complex and a π-allylic species. Hydrogenation occurs via the π-bonded complex, whereas isomerization of (deutero) propylenes proceeds through the π-allylic complex. The complexity of the system increases markedly as the complexity of the olefins increases. This paper describes the results of an extension of these studies to cyclo-olefin systems which include cyclobutene, methylenecyclobutane, and cyclopentene. For cyclopentene, infrared studies indicate that the dominant adsorbed species appear to be π-bonded species. For cyclobutene, studies suggest that apparently ring opening accompanies adsorption. Infrared evidence indicates a strong similarity between the adsorbed species and that from 1,3-butadiene. For methylenecyclobutane, exoendo isomerization leads to 1-methylcyclobutene with a common π-allylic intermediate. Volumetric and ir adsorption studies substantiate the results. For example, strong evidence exists for the presence of two π-bonded species which are precursors of the π-allylic intermediate from their respective directions. In addition, catalytic batch recycle reactor studies indicate the system has an apparent activation energy of 14.0 ± 1.0 kcal/mole.

Briefs - "Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Benzene Hydrogenation in a Batch Recycle Reactor"

Briefs - "Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Benzene Hydrogenation in a Batch Recycle Reactor"

Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Benzene Hydrogenation in a Batch Recycle Reactor

Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Benzene Hydrogenation in a Batch Recycle Reactor