Batch Extraction Research Articles

Removing BaP from soil by biochar prepared with medicago and corn straw using batch and solid-phase extraction method.

Low-cost materials with a highly efficient adsorption capability prepared from corn straw and medicago (abbreviated to CB and MB), which can effectively remove benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) from contaminated soil, were prepared at a temperature of 350 °C under limited-oxygen conditions. The appearance traits, contents of C, H, N and functional group types of CB and MB were obtained by SEM, elemental analysis and FT-IR. Through the batch method, it was found that the adsorption of BaP by CB and MB was in accordance with pseudo-secondary kinetics because the correlation coefficients are 0.855 with CB and 0.948 with MB, respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacity in the fitting (CB: 78.2 mg kg-1, MB: 88.8 mg kg-1) was consistent with the actual measurement (CB: 79.8 mg kg-1, MB: 89.3 mg kg-1). Freundlich and Langmuir equations can well describe the isothermal adsorption data of CB and MB due to the correlation coefficients all being greater than 0.87. Soil samples treated with ASE were separated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with different biochar contents in packed columns. It was found that the contributions of CB and MB to the removal of BaP increased from 58.5% and 60.4% to 80.6% and 82.1%, respectively, which could effectively reduce BaP in polluted soil.

Interaction of Indigo carmine with naturally occurring clay minerals: An approach for the synthesis of nanopigments

Dyes are organic colorants used in textile, paint, printing and many more industries for different purposes, especially to make the products more attractive. However, these organic compounds can not be removed easily from water bodies due to their non-biodegradable nature. In this context, this paper aims at the application of clay minerals and their organo forms which were used to remove the anionic dye, Indigo Carmine from aqueous media at different conditions such as pH, contact time and initial concentration by employing batch extraction method. Synthesis of organo clay was done through ion-exchange method using cationic surfactant (Cetylpyridinium chloride). The adsorbents (before and after adsorption of dye) were characterized using different analytical techniques like X – Ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy. During the study, it was found that the efficiency for uptake of anionic dye was more for organo clay (Organo Montmorillonite − 330 mg g−1 and Organo Bentonite − 468 mg g−1) at favorable acidic condition as the surface of Montmorillonite and Bentonite become positively charged after interaction with surfactant results in electrostatic interaction between dye and organo clays. As there was no significant change in diffraction peak of adsorbent after interaction with dye suggested the surface interaction of dye which was further supported by FT-IR studies.

Removal of cobalt (II) ions from aqueous solution by Peganum Harmala seeds

The batch extraction of cobalt [Co(II)] ions from an aqueous solution, utilizing the seeds of Peganum harmala has been evaluated in this study. After gathering Peganum harmala, the plants are beaten to separate the seeds, after which the seed undergo a fine filtration process to remove any debris. The prepared adsorption material is defined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption process is conducted an incubator in 50 mL flasks. The studied process variables included pH, contact time, Co(II) concentration, adsorbent dose and reaction temperature. Co(II) is assessed with the use of a UV-vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 512 nm. Optimal Co(II) removal is noted at a pH of 6; increased alkalinity resulted in the generation of cobalt hydroxide. When contact time is increased from 5 to 40 min, the removal of Co(II) ions increased from 8 to 88%. This represented the maximum adsorption of Co(II) into Peganum harmala. After this time, equilibrium was achieved, with no further Co(II) extraction occurring. The higher the dose of adsorbent, the higher the degree of Co(II) ion removal; increasing the adsorbent from 0.1 to 0.4g/L result in an increase in extraction from 60 to 84%. A larger dose of adsorbent, up to 0.5 g/L, diminished further Co(II) ion subtraction. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm show a superior model fit compared with the Freundlich isotherm.

Comparative analysis of the characteristics of the fracture systems of the Yaojia and Quantou Formations in the X Oilfield

With the gradual industrial development of the Fuyu oil formation in the X oilfield and the frequent occurrence of set losses in the stratigraphic parts of the Nengjiang Formation, the importance of the overall characterisation of the fracture system has increased significantly. By establishing an integrated model of the fracture system from the Nengjiang Formation to the Quantui Formation, research work such as batch extraction of fracture elements and comparative analysis of the characteristics of the fracture system in the X Oilfield was carried out. The study shows that the Yaojia Formation to Quantou Formation fault system, vertically, has a multi-phase fault inheritance relationship; when the faults formed at a later stage develop, the faults formed at an earlier stage are revived again and grow together with the later faults, and the development pattern of the present-day faults is the result of multiple phases of tectonic movements and the cumulative development of faults.

Liquefied dimethyl ether based multi-stage extraction for high efficient oil recovery from spent bleaching clay.

With the increasing production of spent bleaching clay (SBC), the recovery of the waste oil in SBC is becoming an important and urgent needs for our environment and economy. In this research, we have developed a new effective recovery technique to recover oil from SBC by use of liquefied dimethyl ether (DME). Over 65wt% oil and 81% wt.% oil are efficiently recovered from SBC under equilibrium single-stage extraction conditions and multi-stage extraction conditions, respectively based on the systematically investigation to the effects of the DME/SBC ratio, extraction time, stirring speed and extraction stage number on oil recovery via a batch extractor. Compared with using other extraction solvents, the extraction solvent DME can be reused without heating and therefore significantly reduce the energy consumption during the oil recovery process. In addition, the quantitative oil extraction relationship is derived from the adsorption equilibrium model and is well verified by experimental results. The results show a great potential for using this oil recovery technique in SBC as well as in the large amount of oily sludge and oil sands.

Pilot scale production, extraction and purification of a thermostable phycocyanin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble blue pigment-protein primarily harvested from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. PC is in high demand from several industries, but its narrow stability range limits potential applications. Here, a pilot scale (120 L total) batch production, extraction and purification process for thermostable PC (Te-PC) from a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 'Olive' strain expressing the PC operon cpcBACD from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 on a self-replicating vector is presented. Batch cultivation without antibiotics had no impact on growth or Te-PC production and optimisation of growth conditions resulted in Te-PC contents of 75.3 ± 1.7 mg g DW−1. Wet biomass was harvested following chitosan-based flocculation with a 97 ± 2% efficiency, and Te-PC was extracted by high pressure homogenisation. Subsequent purification by heat-treatment and two-step ammonium sulfate precipitation removed chlorophyll and allophycocyanin contamination, resulting in Te-PC purities of 2.9 ± 0.7 and a mean Te-PC recovery of 84 ± 12%.

Cnicus benedictus Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel: Extraction Optimization and Biodiesel Yield

Cnicus benedictus fruits were used as raw material to extract oil, and the resulting oil was converted into biodiesel. Two extraction methods were tested: batch extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction. Response surface methodology was considered for the optimization of the process efficiency. The selected key independent variables were temperature, extraction time, and solid/liquid ratio for batch extraction and ultrasound intensity, temperature, and extraction time for the ultrasound assisted extraction, respectively. The optimal working conditions are different for the two extraction techniques, with respect to temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and extraction time, respectively, leading to higher extraction efficiency in the case of the ultrasound-assisted extraction. Cnicus benedictus oil obtained under the optimal extraction conditions was further esterified with methanol under acid catalysis to yield biodiesel. The biodiesel was characterized through 1H-NMR and the main fuel properties were determined.

Process development for isolation of dietary eugenol from leaves of basil (Ocimum sanctum) in combination of optimization of process variables and modeling by artificial neural network

Dietary eugenol helps prevent free radical-induced and lifestyle-related chronic illnesses such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and aging. A technique for extracting eugenol from green basil (Ocimum sanctum) leaves is created using a combination of extraction variable optimization and the organization of an artificial neural network (ANN) model. For thermally degradable bioactive eugenol, solvent extraction is the recommended separation method. With the following optimum variables: polarity of the solvent of 0.009, the solid-solvent ratio of 1.0 ​g/20 ​mL, stirring speed of 200 ​rpm, extraction temperature of 40 ​°C, and extraction duration of 40 ​min, a yield of 5.39 × ​10−3 ​kg eugenol per kilogram dried leaves of basil was found. At 10 ​min of batch extraction, the highest throughput of eugenol was found to be 5.4 ​× ​10−3 ​kg ​m−3 ​s−1. Additionally, experimental data are used to construct the yield prediction model. The statistical parameters that are obtained in model evaluation encourage the use of the predicted model for the commercialization of eugenol isolation.

Extractive Fermentation for Recovery of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances Derived from Lactococcus lactis Gh1 Using PEG2000/Dextran T500 Aqueous Two-Phase System

This work aimed to optimize the parameters affecting partitioning of a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) from Lactococcus lactis Gh1 in extractive fermentation using polyethylene glycol (PEG)/dextran aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). This system was developed for the simultaneous cell cultivation and downstream processing of BLIS. Results showed that the molecular weight of PEG, PEG concentration, and dextran T500 affect the partition coefficient (K), purification factor (PF), and yield of BLIS partitioning. ATPS composed of 10% (w/w) PEG2000 and 8% (w/w) dextran T500, provided the greatest conditions for the extractive BLIS production. The K (1.00 ± 0.16), PF (2.92 ± 0.37) and yield (77.24 ± 2.81%) were increased at selected orbital speed (200 rpm) and pH (pH 7). Sustainable growth of the cells in the bioreactor and repeated fermentation up to the eighth extractive batch were observed during the scale up process, ensuring a continuous production and purification of BLIS. Hence, the simplicity and effectiveness of ATPS in the purification of BLIS were proven in this study.

Development of an E. coli strain for cell-free ADC manufacturing.

Recent advances in cell‐free protein synthesis have enabled the folding and assembly of full‐length antibodies at high titers with extracts from prokaryotic cells. Coupled with the facile engineering of the Escherichia coli translation machinery, E. coli based in vitro protein synthesis reactions have emerged as a leading source of IgG molecules with nonnatural amino acids incorporated at specific locations for producing homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). While this has been demonstrated with extract produced in batch fermentation mode, continuous extract fermentation would facilitate supplying material for large‐scale manufacturing of protein therapeutics. To accomplish this, the IgG‐folding chaperones DsbC and FkpA, and orthogonal tRNA for nonnatural amino acid production were integrated onto the chromosome with high strength constitutive promoters. This enabled co‐expression of all three factors at a consistently high level in the extract strain for the duration of a 5‐day continuous fermentation. Cell‐free protein synthesis reactions with extract produced from cells grown continuously yielded titers of IgG containing nonnatural amino acids above those from extract produced in batch fermentations. In addition, the quality of the synthesized IgGs and the potency of ADC produced with continuously fermented extract were indistinguishable from those produced with the batch extract. These experiments demonstrate that continuous fermentation of E. coli to produce extract for cell‐free protein synthesis is feasible and helps unlock the potential for cell‐free protein synthesis as a platform for biopharmaceutical production.

Development of a microwave‐assisted solvent extraction process for the extraction of high‐value carotenoids from Chlorella biomass

AbstractThe commercial production of carotenoids as bioactive commodities from microalgae has been severely limited due to the nature of the microalgal outer cell matrix. Microwave technology offers a rapid method for obtaining larger amounts of these biochemical compounds. The process facilitates cell‐wall rupture, releasing the inner cell components. Chlorella biomass, raised in an outdoor raceway pond, is used for downstream extraction of carotenoids by following the microwave‐assisted solvent extraction (MAE) approach. The response surface modeling (RSM) strategy was employed to optimize the two independent parameters, power and extraction time, with a two‐level central composite design (CCD). Acetone, hexane, methanol, hexane : acetone (1:1), hexane : ethanol (7:3) were used as solvents of choice. Acetone gave a total carotenoid yield of 0.061 ± 0.003 mg gm−1 under optimum microwave power and time; 130 W and 1.69 min. The optimized yield from hexane was 0.00173 ± 0.005 mg gm−1 with an exposure time of 1 min to 100 W. The total carotenoid yield of the methanol‐based extraction batch was 0.0371 ± 0.004 mg gm−1 with 157 W and 1 min of extraction time. The solvent mixtures of hexane : acetone gave 0.0398 ± 0.002 mg gm−1 (185 W for 1.7 min) and hexane : ethanol gave 0.0383 ± 0.004 mg gm−1 (195 W, 1.6 min), respectively. The results indicate a satisfactory outcome to the process. They also show microwave‐based extraction to be a fast, economic, reproducible, and repeatable method in comparison with the conventional strategies used for recovering the sensitive natural pigments. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Statistical optimization of extraction column parameters for the zinc (ll) solvent extraction by D2EHPA in a continuous mode

The efficiency of zinc(II) extraction with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) diluted in kerosene has been investigated in batch and continuous extraction columns, enabling a comparison between the performance of spray and packed column. The effect of pH of the aqueous phase, reaction time, and extractant volume ratio were considered as the operational variables in a lab-scale mixer-settler in batch mode. The optimum values for each variable were determined and used as the constant values in the pilot-scale continuous setup for optimization of the extraction process in the columns. A pilot-scale setup can provide more relatable results to industrial-scale production. The effect of dispersed phase flow rate, system temperature, nozzle diameter, and height of packing were investigated in continuous mode in spray and packed pilot-scale columns. To minimize the number of experiments, the response surface methodology (RSM) design of experiments (DOE) was adopted using five levels for each parameter. The effect of each variable and their binary and ternary interactions were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95%. Maximum zinc extraction efficiency in the batch mode was 93.63%, which occurred at the pH of 2, a reaction time of 25 min, and an extractant volume ratio of 15% (V/V D2EHPA to kerosene). Maximum zinc extraction in the spray and packed columns were 76.13% and 84.06%, respectively. Despite the lower extraction efficiency in the continuous mode, a considerably lower required organic to aqueous ratio make these setups more favorable over traditional mixers.

Transmission of amyloid-beta and tau pathologies is associated with cognitive impairments in a primate

Amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology transmission has been described in patients following iatrogenic exposure to compounds contaminated with Aβ proteins. It can induce cerebral Aβ angiopathy resulting in brain hemorrhages and devastating clinical impacts. Iatrogenic transmission of tau pathology is also suspected but not experimentally proven. In both scenarios, lesions were detected several decades after the putatively triggering medico-surgical act. There is however little information regarding the cognitive repercussions in individuals who do not develop cerebral hemorrhages. In the current study, we inoculated the posterior cingulate cortex and underlying corpus callosum of young adult primates (Microcebus murinus) with either Alzheimer’s disease or control brain extracts. This led to widespread Aβ and tau pathologies in all of the Alzheimer-inoculated animals following a 21-month-long incubation period (n = 12) whereas none of the control brain extract-inoculated animals developed such lesions (n = 6). Aβ deposition affected almost all cortical regions. Tau pathology was also detected in Aβ-deposit-free regions distant from the inoculation sites (e.g. in the entorhinal cortex), while some regions adjacent, but not connected, to the inoculation sites were spared (e.g. the occipital cortex). Alzheimer-inoculated animals developed cognitive deficits and cerebral atrophy compared to controls. These pathologies were induced using two different batches of Alzheimer brain extracts. This is the first experimental demonstration that tau can be transmitted by human brain extracts inoculations in a primate. We also showed for the first time that the transmission of widespread Aβ and tau pathologies can be associated with cognitive decline. Our results thus reinforce the need to organize a systematic monitoring of individuals who underwent procedures associated with a risk of Aβ and tau iatrogenic transmission. They also provide support for Alzheimer brain-inoculated primates as relevant models of Alzheimer pathology.

A New Strategy to Investigate the Efficacy Markers Underlying the Medicinal Potentials of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (OSB) is a well-known herbal medicine exerting various pharmacological effects and medicinal potentials. Owing to its complex of phytochemical constituents, as well as the ambiguous relationship between phytochemical constituents and varied bioactivities, it is a great challenge to explore which constituents make a core contribution to the efficacy of OSB, making it difficult to determine the efficacy makers underlying the varied efficacies of OSB. In our work, a new strategy was exploited and applied for investigating efficacy markers of OSB consisting of phytochemical analysis, in vivo absorption analysis, bioactive compound screening, and bioactive compound quantification. Using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, a total of 34 phytochemical components were detected in the OSB extract. Subsequently, based on in vivo absorption analysis, 14 phytochemical constituents in the form of prototypes were retained as potential bioactive compounds. Ten diseases were selected as the potential indications of OSB based on previous reports, and then the overall interaction between compounds, action targets, action pathways, and diseases was revealed based on bioinformatic analysis. After refining key pathways and targets, the interaction reversing from pathways, targets to constituents was deduced, and the core constituents, including tanshinone IIA, sinensetin, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and salvigenin, were screened out as the efficacy markers of OSB. Finally, the contents of these five constituents were quantified in three different batches of OSB extracts. Among them, the content of salvianolic acid B was the highest while the content of tanshinone IIA was the lowest. Our work could provide a promising direction for future research on the quality control and pharmacological mechanism of OSB.

Differentiation of oleoresin capsicum sprays based on their capsaicinoid profiles

Oleoresin capsicum (OC) sprays, often referred to as 'pepper sprays', contain a solution of active compounds, exerting an irritating effect on the human body. The active component of OC sprays are capsaicinoids, obtained by extraction from peppers. The profiles (quantitative relations) of natural capsaicinoids depend on the plant material, they were extracted from. Pepper spray is a non-lethal weapon that should only be used for self-defense but is often used by criminals to attack and incapacitate victims. Evidence related to these types of incidents, such as containers, clothes of victims or suspects, as well as traces of substances found at the scene, are submitted to the forensic laboratory. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the ingredients of the preparation (especially active components) and compare the traces found on objects from the victim or the scene of the incident with the preparation from the can or traces found on objects related to the suspect. The study aimed to investigate the possibility of differentiating OC gases based on capsaicinoid profiles recorded in GC-MS analyses. Sixty-four gases from 12 different manufacturers were purchased and tested.The likelihood ratio (LR) approach was applied to the data expressing the relative capsaicinoids contents computed by integrating GC-MS signals. Two hypotheses were assumed that stated either common or different origins of the samples. Several LR models have been developed, and their performance has been controlled by the number of false positives and false negatives as well as empirical cross entropy.The research results showed that differentiation was very successful, with more than 90% of correct responses. The results obtained show that OC sprays may be distinguished, even if they were produced by the same producer presumably if produced using different batches of pepper extract.

The co-occurrence of Zn-and Cu-based engineered nanoparticles in soils: The metal extractability vs. toxicity to Folsomia candida

The presence of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in soil gradually increases, among others due to the nano-agrochemicals application. So far, the co-existence of different ENPs in soil is poorly examined. Here, the metal extractability and toxicity of soils spiked (300 mg kg−1) singly and jointly with Zn- and Cu-based ENPs or metal salts were tested. The samples were aged for 1 and 90 days. The predicting available metal component of ENPs concentrations were determined by different methods including soil pore water collection and batch extractions with H2O, CaCl2 or DTPA. Survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida were also evaluated. The combined effect of ENPs on the extractability of metals was mainly found with DTPA characterized by the highest leaching capacity among the used extractants. In fresh soil, the mixtures of ENPs differentiated only DTPA-extractable Cu level, while aging resulted in changes in both Zn and Cu concentrations leached by CaCl2 or DTPA. However, the character of the combined effect was an ENPs- and soil type-dependent, whereas the mixtures of metal salts mostly provided higher Zn and Cu recovery than the individual compounds. The pattern of co-toxicity of metal-oxide ENPs was also time-dependent: the antagonistic and synergistic effect was observed in the samples after 1 and 90 days, respectively. However, the toxicity was weakly related with extractable concentrations in both single and joint treatment of metal compounds. The distinct joint effect patterns of ENPs imply the need for more in-depth investigation of mechanisms of activity of ENPs mixtures in soil.

Probing Universal Protein Dynamics Using Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry-Derived Residue-Level Gibbs Free Energy.

Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a powerful technique to monitor protein intrinsic dynamics. The technique provides high-resolution information on how protein intrinsic dynamics are altered in response to biological signals, such as ligand binding, oligomerization, or allosteric networks. However, identification, interpretation, and visualization of such events from HDX-MS data sets is challenging as these data sets consist of many individual data points collected across peptides, time points, and experimental conditions. Here, we present PyHDX, an open-source Python package and webserver, that allows the user to batch extract the universal quantity Gibbs free energy at residue levels over multiple protein conditions and homologues. The output is directly visualized on a linear map or 3D structures or is exported as .csv files or PyMOL scripts.

Quality analysis of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen extracts based on high performance liquid chromatography quantitative fingerprint and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification

酸枣仁具有显著的改善睡眠和抗焦虑等作用,其提取物在助眠类功能食品开发中应用前景广阔。但目前市场上酸枣仁提取物质量参差不齐,缺乏统一标准,企业在使用时面临较大的质量风险,因此亟须建立一种准确、全面的内控质量评价方法。针对酸枣仁提取物中黄酮和皂苷两类主要活性成分紫外响应差异巨大且水提物中皂苷成分含量低的问题,该研究建立了酸枣仁水提物HPLC定量指纹图谱方法,共标定了8个共有峰。通过对照品指认、文献比对以及高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱数据解析,8个共有峰均为黄酮类化合物,该方法可同时实现7种黄酮成分的半定量对比分析和斯皮诺素的含量测定;采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱,在正离子模式下,以多反应监测扫描方式可实现酸枣仁皂苷A和B的含量测定;最终以雷达图展现上述10种成分的半定量和定量数据。应用上述方法,该研究对比分析了实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物和15家供应商的15批提取物样品。结果显示,实验室自制的3批酸枣仁水提物虽然原料来自不同饮片企业,但总体差异性不大,而不同厂家提供的酸枣仁提取物样品成分含量差异巨大,提示不同厂家存在辅料稀释、理枣仁掺假和醇提或纯化富集等情况。该法为企业制定内控质量标准和筛选合格供应商提供了依据。

Ultrasound assisted curcumin recovery from Curcuma aromatica: Understanding the effect of different operating parameters

The present study deals with intensified extraction of curcumin from Curcuma aromatica by employing ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) approach also elucidating comparison with the conventional batch extraction to highlight the intensification benefits based on the usage of ultrasound. Understanding into the effect of operational parameters like type of solvent, extraction temperature, solid to solvent ratio and raw material size distribution as well as the equipment operating conditions as frequency and power on the extraction yield has been developed. Based on the results for extraction yield, the optimum conditions for UAE approach were 40 °C as temperature, 1:30 as solid to solvent ratio, 0.09 mm as the mean particle size, 240 W as ultrasonic power, 22 kHz as ultrasonic frequency and ethanol as the most suitable solvent. Under these optimum conditions, the highest extraction yield of 73.18% was achieved in 2 h whereas batch extraction for 14 h resulted in 52.31% yield clearly demonstrating the intensification due to ultrasound. Peleg's model was applied to explain the extraction kinetics of curcumin and the proposed model satisfactorily predicted the rates of extraction of curcumin. Overall, UAE proved to be a better technique in terms of lesser time, lesser heating requirement and additional extraction yield.

Intensification of imperatorin extraction from Aegle marmelos by ultrasound assisted three phase partitioning: Comparative studies and exploring its ethnomedicinal uses

The current work demonstrates the use of a hybrid technique where ultrasound was coupled with three phase partitioning (UA-TPP) to intensify the extraction of imperatorin from fruits of A. marmelos. The optimized parameters obtained were ultrasound time 30 min, ammonium sulphate mass fraction 30 % (w/v), biomass to solvent proportion 1:40 (w/v), biomass slurry to t-butanol proportion 1:1 (v/v), ultrasound power 120 W, and duty cycle 60% (6 sec on 4 sec off). The maximum extraction yield of imperatorin obtained was 5.44 mg/g using UA-TPP, which was much higher than the traditional techniques such as three-phase partitioning (TPP), Soxhlet, and batch extraction. The extraction time was also drastically reduced to 30 min in UA-TPP from 150 min compared to TPP. UA-TPP enhanced the extraction yield of imperatorin with a reduction in time and improved the ethnomedicinal properties such as total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity as compared to traditional extraction techniques.