Batch Electrolysis Research Articles

Concentration Profiles in Electrowinning Circuits: II . Time and Position Dependence of Metal Ion Concentration

A simple expression has been derived in part I for current efficiency of an electrowinning process as a function of metal‐ion concentration: . This semi‐empirical relationship is used in this paper to predict the concentration variation with time during batch electrolysis, and the steady‐state variation of concentration with distance in a flow‐through electrowinning circuit. A method of calculation is reported which allows prediction of the transient or steady‐state response of a flow‐through electrowinning system, for any assumed dependence of the cathodic current efficiency on metal‐ion concentration.

Properties and applications of electrodes covered with a porous diaphragm— 1. Mass transfer investigation

Properties and applications of electrodes covered with a porous diaphragm— 1. Mass transfer investigation

Electrical control and optimisation of the electrochemical batch reactor

Abstract For galvanostatic, potentiostatic and constant cell voltage control, parameters such as conversion degree, energy efficiency, space‐time yield, specific energy consumption and their time‐dependencies have been calculated for a diffusion‐controlled reaction in an electrochemical batch reactor. Comparison of the results showed that potentiostatic control is the most efficient operation mode, but that constant cell voltage control is more useful and provides a similar efficiency. Some results from model calculations were compared with those from laboratory experiments. A numerical optimisation procedure was applied to an electrochemical batch reactor with constant cell voltage control. The resulting optimum batch electrolysis time, the optimum conversion degree, and the minimum costs were calculated as functions of the initial reactant concentration, specific electrode surface area, costs of raw materials and investment costs.