Batak Toba Research Articles

Jakarta Toba Batak Subject Position in Toba Batak Mangongkal Holi Discourse: Laclau Discourse Analysis

A secondary burial practice known as Mangongkal Holi originated in the Toba Batak people. For hundreds of years, the Toba Batak tribe has incorporated this ceremony completely. Mangongkal Holi, unlike other Indonesian burial customs that have been successful in attracting tourists like the Ngaben and Rambu Solo celebrations, is going through an existential crisis, as evidenced by the somewhat less intense manner in which it is currently being practiced. The purpose of this study is to examine how the discourse around the Mangongkal Holi rite contributes to the development of Toba Batak cultural identity. In-depth interviews with Toba Batak tribal members served as the source of the research's data, along with a literature review. This study uses Ernesto Laclau's insight analysis as its analytical framework. According to the findings, the Mangongkal Holi ritual was articulated into four nodal points: reverence for ancestors, indifference to other religions, prestige, and unity. Based on the subject position analysis, the individuals from Jakarta Toba Batak demonstrate that there is a contingency of identity for Jakarta Toba Batak in the Mangongkal Holi discourse brought on by the individual's involvement with traditional institutions. The Mangongkal Holi rite seeks to promote clan harmony among those Jakarta Toba Batak people who have a close relationship with adat. It is no longer relevant to the social reality of Jakarta, which stresses efficiency in all aspects of life, such as time and money efficiency, for Jakarta Toba Batak people who are far from the Mangongkal Holi ceremony.

The Investigating the Oppression of Toba Batak Women: Call for Empowerment and Woman Leadership

This research has been developed around the two contrasting views/themes of the Toba Batak women's oppression and call for women's empowerment and leadership. It initially explored the philosophy of the Toba Batak society while identifying the forces of Toba Batak women's suppression. It has examined and critically analyzed the Toba Batak society and its patriarchal culture. It has been discovered that the Toba Batak women are subordinated because of an attitude or disposition dictated and perpetuated by the cultural belief systems, especially the social system of the clan (marga), which places women under the authority of men. Consequently, women are considered mere objects to men, particularly in childbearing, because they must be available to produce male children; otherwise, they suffer exclusion from the clan system, including being a leader. In order to gather data and explore the problem more deeply, this research uses a case study and a qualitative method through a literature study. Rethinking Toba Batak Philosophy and family practices involves rethinking the Toba Batak kinship arrangement and embodying it through substitute liberating, non-discriminating practices. In order to construct space to promote equality between men and women in Toba Batak society, the rethinking and counter-acting of patriarchal Toba Batak philosophy and family practices is essential and fundamental. This way, a cultural analysis will create a more appropriate proposal for addressing women's subjection. A culturalist approach (like promoting newer beliefs through habitual alternative practices) may be similarly called forth to foster women empowerment.

Aesthetic Values of Batak Toba Gondang Sadinding Music Performances at Gondang Sianjur Mula-mula Community

Gondang Sabangunan is one of a musical ensemble type that functions as an accompaniment to traditional ceremonies of the Toba Batak people. The Gondang Sabangunan performance by Gondang Sianjur Mula-Mula community has different form characteristics compared to other forms of Gondang. The performance of Gondang Sabangunan by Gondang Sianjur Mula-Mula community still maintains the use of original musical instruments amidst the rampant changes in the form of Gondang Sabangunan performances that use a mixture of modern musical instruments such as electric keyboard. The Gondang Sabangunan performance of the Gondang Sianjur Mula-Mula community is interesting to be studied more deeply to see the form and the aesthetic values of Gondang Sabangunan. This paper aims to find out the form and aesthetic value of Gondang Sabangunan. This article uses qualitative methods with an aesthetic approach The results of the discussion found that the form of three parts in the Gondang Sadinding performance related to traditional rituals, traditional ceremonies and social systems of the Batak people, while the aesthetic values found were pure values and extra aesthetic values based on Dalihan Na Tolu as the philosophy of kinship of the Batak community.

BASE FULL REDUPLICATION IN TOBA BATAK: A STUDY OF GENERATIVE MORPHOLOGY

The objective of this paper is to explore base full reduplication in Toba Batak from the perspective of generative morphology. The theory applied in this study is Halle’s model (1973). The basic principle in generative morphology is that the process of word formation can generate actual words and potential words. According to generative morphology, the mechanism of word formations will be postulated in the list of morphemes, word formation rules, filter, and dictionary. The method of this study is qualitative descriptive; it is a method that describes language phenomena naturally without any exception or manipulation. The results reveal that there are six types of base full reduplication in Toba Batak i.e. nominal base full reduplication, verbal base full reduplication, adjectival base full reduplication, adverbial base full reduplication, numeral base full reduplication, and interrogative base full reduplication. The process of forming the base full reduplication is by reduplicating the base lexemes. Therefore, the two base lexemes are put together side by side to generate base full reduplication. There are no processes that take place in the filter because the step-by-step processes find neither any idiosyncrasies such as phonological, semantics, and lexical idiosyncrasies. The processes of base full reduplication in this study are inflectional. The grammatical and lexical meanings of the base full reduplication vary, depending on the meanings of the reduplicated base lexemes.

HARMONISASI HUKUM PIDANA ADAT BATAK TOBA DENGAN SISTEM HUKUM PIDANA NASIONAL

Since the time of their ancestors, the Toba Batak Indigenous People have known a mutually agreed upon norm/rule that serves as a guide in living their lives. The Toba Batak Indigenous People have long had an arrangement that functions to enforce the norms/rules that have been in force in their community if there is a violation of the mutually agreed norms. The Toba Batak Indigenous Criminal Law contains noble values ​​regarding the purpose of the criminal law being created. The National Criminal Law System, which we now know in general, is regulated in the recently published Criminal Code (KUHP), which is the result of the work of the Indonesian people with a national and customary character who seeks to break away from colonial values. further study its application. This research is a normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches to achieve a research objective which is to harmonize the values ​​of the Toba Batak customary criminal law with the values ​​of national criminal law.

PERUBAHAN BUDAYA PRA-NIKAH ETNIK BATAK TOBA DI DESA SAITNIHUTA

The development of science, technology and the introduction of religion into Indonesia has led to socio-cultural changes in society. This study aims to determine the changes that occur in Toba Batak customs due to the influence of Christian teachings in the village of Saitnihuta. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Collecting data in this study are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there are several pre-marital cultures that have been forgotten and are no longer practiced in Saitnihuta village, such as Mamele Sahala Ni Ompu and Maniti Ari. The changes that have occurred due to the development of science, technology and Christianity are not only in the pre-marriage of the Toba Batak ethnic group, but in many other cultures. However, this article will only discuss in detail the changes in pre-marital marriages of the Toba Batak ethnicity in the village of Saitnihuta.

Analisis Struktur Melodi dan Makna Lagu “Sayur Kol” Karya Punxgoaran

Purpose: This research discusses about analysis of the melodic structure of Sayur Kol by Punxgoaran. Sayur Kol was published in 2017. The theoretical basic used in this research is William P. Malm's theory to get a musicological study, and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic theory to explain the meaning of this song. The song Sayur Kol by Punxgoaran was performed in the Batak language with Rock and Punk nuances with drums, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Method: In this thesis, the writer uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Results and Discussion: The results of the study of the melodic structure of the Sayur Kol song are Song Form with 2 parts consisting of A (a, a'), B (b, b') and the song Sayur Kol performed by Punxgoaran consists of the Intro, the beginning, continuation part, chorus part, interlude part, and outro part. Implication: The meaning contained in song Sayur Kol is about the personal story of the creator, Guido Virdaus Hutagalung, expressing a picture of the situation of the people of North Sumatra when they meet each other and strengthen the relationship between fellow tribes, especially the Toba Batak tribe. Punxgoaran loves and supports the preservation of Batak Cultural Arts.

The Function And Meaning Of Umpasa In Toba Batak’s Traditional Wedding Ceremony

This study seeks to reveal the menaing and function of umpasa in Toba Batak’s wedding ceremony.This qualitative research method is based on qualitative content analysis (Marying, 2010). Theresearch data is 40 umpasa of Toba, taken by recording and video-taping 5 wedding ceremoniesheld in Medan. The findings show that the meanings and functions of the umpasa are also closelyrelated to the wedding process of the Toba Batak society and also to Toba Batak’s philosophy.Umpasa is used in Toba Batak’s traditional wedding ceremony to refine and beautify the language.This shows a sense of mutual respect between host and invited guests, especially between hula-hula(the wife giver) and boru (the wife receiver). Of all the umpasa presented at the Toba Bataktraditional wedding ceremony, the meaning and function of umpasa is usually used to show:blessing, respecting, praising, advising, thanking, agreeing, expecting, opening and closing.

Lexical Change: Synonym and Homonym in Batak Toba Language in North Sumatra

This study focuses on language change, specifically the lexical change of the Batak Toba language in two different areas. This research aims to contribute to other researchers and governments related to the future of the local language in maintaining the local language itself. This research used a qualitative research method, specifically a case study, to analyze language aspects among people who use the Batak Toba language in their area. Miles and Huberman’s technique of collecting data was used in this research. The data was collected from two different Batak Language videos in two different areas. The video was transcripted and eliminated by identifying synonyms and homonyms using language change theories. The online Batak dictionary was used to verify the meaning of every synonym and homonym itself. From the data source, which is 25 (twenty-five) videos, the total of the synonym is 22 words, with the detail 14 words found through videos in Tapanuli Tengah and eight words found through Humbang Hasundutan. Similarly, the homonym between these two districts can also be found, with 3 (three) homonyms. Lexical change through synonyms and homonyms occurs because of convergence, cultural change, and lexical borrowing, second language learning, and relexification.
 Keywords: homonym, language change, synonym

Melestarikan Multikulturalisme Budaya Kesenian Simalungun Di Era Digitalisasi

The Simalungun tribe is one of the Batak tribes in the Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province. The Simalungun tribe is located between two cultures, namely the Toba Batak tribe and the Karo Batak tribe. Because the area of residence of the Simalungun Batak tribe is between the territories of the two Batak tribes, the Simalungun language is almost similar to the Toba and Karo languages. The Simalungun people's livelihood system is farming rice and corn, because rice is the daily staple food and corn is an additional food if the rice yield is insufficient. Buying and selling is carried out by bartering, the language used is the dialect. "Marga" holds an important role in matters of Simalungun custom. When compared to the Simalungun situation with other Batak tribes, it is much different. Simalungun has diverse language and culture and deserves to be preserved, through this article it will be written about what efforts we should make to maintain and preserve Simalungun culture in this digitalization era.

The Role of Marriage Guardian of the Same Clan in the Traditional Marriage of Batak Toba Muslims in Samosir Regency in the Perspective of Islamic Law

A marriage guardian (wali) occupies a very important role in marrying the bride to the prospective groom. There is often a unique case found among the Batak Toba Muslims in Harian District, Samosir Regency in that the lineage of a marriage guardian is not clear (cannot be proven genetically). Thus, if a bride belongs to a Samosir clan, the leader of Samosir clan can be the marriage guardian for the bride as long as he is a Muslim. This study aims to see the implementation of traditional wedding ceremony in the Batak Toba Muslim community, to see some factors contributed to this phenomenon, and to see the role of a guardian in a traditional wedding ceremony of Batak Toba Muslim in the perspective of Islamic law. After analyzing the data, it was found that many cases of marriage involving guardian of the same clan but different lineage were triggered by little understanding of Islamic marriage. Therefore, the office of religious affairs is suggested to be more active in raising people’s awareness of the important roles of a marriage guardian. In addition, for people whose marriage guardian is not from the same lineage should register their marriage with a wali hakim as their marriage guardian.

An Anthropological Perspective of Childbirth in the Batak Toba Tribe

This paper results from a study of the phenomenon born in the Batak Toba ethnic group. Birth in the Batak Toba society is a joy together. Not only family but even the surrounding community also rejoice. Batak Toba’s cultural values are a source of everyday behavior in the kinship system. Kinship is related to birth, which determines the position of the Batak Toba community. This study aimed to assess the process of giving birth and some of the rites performed and rarely performed in the Batak Toba tribe today. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research and literature review studies. Studies are written from various secondary sources, scientific journals, and anthropology based on the latest. The writing is carried out in a structured manner by classifying and developing various scientific sources based on the topics discussed. The analysis is carried out comprehensively to form a conclusion. The results show that the cultural practices carried out by the Batak Toba after giving birth are still carried out today. There are several themes: Postnatal care, childbirth care, efforts to maintain postnatal health, care for baby's organs, and the postnatal stages of children in the Batak Toba ethnicity, which are used for generations and traditional medicine is still running.

Reproductive Health in the View of the Toba Batak Ethnicity

Reproductive health is a complete physical, mental and social well-being in all matters including the reproductive system and function, and the reproductive process and is not just a condition that is free from disease and disability. Everyone must be able to have a satisfying and safe sexual life for himself, also be able to reduce and fulfill his desires without any obstacles, when, and how often to have children. Inland communities who are still lacking in understanding reproductive health knowledge and lack of adequate facilities for health checks, enhance adolescents' understanding of the process of change that occurs in themselves, especially young women facing menarche, need to provide health information and also understanding from their closest people, family and friends. the social environment becomes a support system. The importance of receiving news about early menopause and how to deal with early menopause so that there is no excessive anxiety.

Design of Ulos Weaving Handicraft Centre in Samosir Regency with Green Architecture Approach

Indonesia is famous for its rich culture, especially the traditional fabrics of each region. North Sumatra is one of the contributions to that cultural heritage. Weaving Ulos or 'Kain Ulos' is an ancestral cultural heritage that is a symbol of the Batak Toba community in the form of long scarves whose existence decreases dramatically and can experience extinction. The lack of a place or container to preserve Ulos is one of the issues to consider. The design of this ulos weaving craft center must pay attention to the facilities, design concepts, and application of green architecture to the building. The aim is to design suitable support facilities for ulos weaving craft centers, making the ulos weaving craft center as one of the containers to preserve ulos weaving to improve the economy of the surrounding community and apply green architecture to the design to preserve the surrounding environment as well. The process of design approach used in this design is qualitative descriptive. Method by analyzing data collected through field observations to the location of craft centers and literature studies. Energy savings become important points that will be applied to the design of the craft center, such as utilizing sunlight, rainwater and also minimizing artificial air conditioning. Samosir is a strategic and supportive location to apply a green architectural approach in the design of this craft center.

Ulos Sebagai Simbol Berkat dalam Budaya Batak Toba dan Relevansinya bagi Gereja Katolik

In every ethnic life, there are various ways in which humans can express their faith. The symbols contained in the customs help humans to concrete their faith. For the Batak people, ulos is a symbol that expresses who they believe in, while the mangulosi event is a sign of giving blessings, blessings, and prayers. Therefore, between Catholic culture and faith there are theological similarities and relationships, especially regarding blessings. The purpose of this paper is, that the author wants to explore the meaning of ulos as a symbol of blessing in the Toba Batak marriage and its relevance in the Catholic faith. Also, it provides an understanding of the use of ulos in marriage as one of the Batak ancestral heritages that are maintained and lived by the Toba Batak people until now. The type of research used by the author is qualitative research. While the research method used in this study is the phenomenological method. The result obtained is that ulos become a means of blessing that is used by Allah to bless his fellows. Therefore, ulos is very relevant to be used both in community life and in religious life

Kategori dan Peran Tematis Argumen Klausa Verbal pada Bahasa Batak Toba

This paper describes the types of thematic role categories of verbal clause arguments in the Toba Batak language (BBT). This syntactic study is conducted through a qualitative approach with a listening technique in collecting oral and written data. Then the data is processed through commensurate and 'agih' methods, which are described through distributional and informal methods. The results show that the category of verbal clauses in BBT is divided into two parts: verbal and non-verbal. Verbal clauses consist of (1) transitive clauses, which are divided into medial active clauses, passive clauses, and reciprocal clauses; (2) intransitive clauses; and (3) semi-transitive clauses. Transitive clauses have the structure of P+O+S and S+P+O. Intransitive clauses are structured P+S and P+S+Ket. Furthermore, semi transitive clauses have S+P and S+P+Ket as their structures. The category of non-verbal clauses in BBT, namely clauses with non-verbal predicates, have nominal, numeral, adjectival, and adverbial (prepositional phrases) as categories in their predicates. The thematic role of BBT verbal clause arguments consists of two macro roles as actor and undergoer, while the special thematic role consists of agent, stimulus, experiencer, theme, locative and patient. This research is further expected to positively impact the development of BBT.

Dekke Na Niarsik: Identitas Budaya Etnis Batak Toba di Pematangsiantar

The Batak Toba tribe has a very important traditional food for its people, namely dekke na niarsik. Dekke na niarsik is one of the traditional foods made from carp that is used in various traditional events of the Batak Toba tribe. Along with the development of the times, dekke na niarsik remains and continues to be consumed by the Batak Toba people, especially in Pematangsiantar City. The main problem of this research focused on the dekke na niarsik which is the cultural identity of the Batak Toba in Pematangsiantar city and the functions contained in the dekke na niarsik for the Batak Toba people in Pematangsiantar city. This research used the theory of the function of food by Foster and Anderson, and the theory of cultural identity by Myron Lustig. The findings of the research reveal that dekke na niarsik is a cultural heritage of the Batak Toba people in the form of culinary offerings. Dekke is award an odd number of times on each anniversary or event. Dekke na niarsik is given at the time of marriage, birth, seven months, adopting sidi, graduating from college, until the death ceremony. There for dekke na niarsik symbolizes the life cycle of the Batak Toba people from birth to the end of their lives.

Gereja HKBP dalam Mempertahankan Identitas Kultural Diaspora Etnis Batak Toba di Kota Denpasar

Huria Kristen Batak Protestant (HKBP) is a Protestant Christian church in the Toba Batak ethinc group. HKBP cannot be separated from the life of the Toba Batak people. although basically the HKBP is a fellowship of Christians from all ethnic groups and groups. This study discusses the role of the church in an effort to maintain the cultural identity of the Toba Batak diaspora in Denpasar. and implications for both the congregation and the community around the church. This study uses the Functionalism Theory from Talcott Parsons and Symbolic Interaction Theory from Herbert Blumer. Qualitative research methods through data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation as well as using inductive data analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Protestant Batak Christian Huria Church (HKBP) played a major role in maintaining the cultural identity of the Toba Batak diaspora in Denpasar. The implication of establishment of the Protestant Batak Christian Huria Church (HKBP) in Denpasar is the emergence of an exclusive and inclusive attitude from the congregation.

Migrasi Batak Toba ke Medan Sebelum Era Otonomi: Antara Alasan Ekonomi dan Pendidikan

Migration of the Toba Batak people to Medan began at the end of the 19th century, but the flow of migration up to independence was relatively slow. However, after independence it increased so that in 1981, 1988 and 2000 it became the second order. Of course, the reason for the transfer can be different in terms of push factors and pull factors. The purpose of this research is to find out the causal factors why the Toba Batak people entered Medan since several decades ago until the era of autonomy. The research was conducted in five districts from March to August 2022. Sampling was carried out by accidental sampling and snowball sampling with a total of 200 families as respondents. All respondents were born in North Tapanuli Regency who came to Medan in the 1950-2000 period. The results of the study show that the two main factors causing the displacement are educational reasons in the first place and economic reasons in the second place. In contrast, in previous studies, economic reasons were in first place while educational reasons were in second place. The conclusion from this research is that in the era of autonomy and the era of tourism development, the potential for Lake Toba and the surrounding area to become a very valuable asset to realize the expectations of the central government, namely to make Lake Toba a national and foreign tourist destination.

MAN AND WOMAN IDENTITY IN DALIHAN NA TOLU

This research derived from the phenomenon that men of Toba Batak must be respected more and are treated differently from women. To define the truth of the phenomenon this study analysed the ideology of Toba Batak; dalihan na tolu which is composed by (1) somba marhula-hula, (2) elek marboru, and (3) manat mardongan tubu by analysing the syntactic and semantic structure of it and adapted the ecolinguistic approach to defined man and woman identity by Arran Stibbe. The syntactic and semantic analysis on dalihan na tolu defined the identity of men and women as follows: (a) men as brothers in Toba-Batak community are leader, decision makers, they are positioned the highest in the ideology and have more arguments in doing their responsibility to love sisters. (b) Women as sisters in Toba-Batak community are the second position in the ideology and for both syntactic and semantically are proved have to be strictly respect brothers, they have less argument to do it. However, men and women of Toba-Batak, due to their contribution to ‘manat mardongan tubu’ are positioned the same.