Batak People Research Articles

Mangupa Lahiron Daganak sebagai Representasi Penghayatan Iman Kristiani Umat Suku Batak Toba

In this article, the author would like to express his appreciation for the faith of the Toba Batak Catholics in the parish of St. John the Baptist, Perawang Riau, Padang Diocese, related to the Mangupa Lahiron Daganak tradition carried out in the Toba Batak tribal community. The Mangupa Lahiron Daganak tradition is one of the ceremonies to welcome and give thanks for the birth of a child in the Toba Batak family. This tradition is no longer carried out completely by Toba Batak Catholics in the parish of Saint John the Baptist Perawang Riau. Several instruments are used in the ritual of the Mangupa Lahiron Daganak ceremony. The function of this instrument is to make the ceremony run smoothly, wisely, and meaningfully. The instruments used in the ceremony contain symbols that are meaningful in people's lives. The purpose of this paper is to find and interpret the symbols in the Mangupa Lahiron Daganak ceremony, not only from a social point of view but more on theological meanings that can strengthen the appreciation of the faith of Catholics, especially the Toba Batak people. The results showed that the Toba Batak Catholics in the St. John the Baptist Perawang Riau parish were able to find social meaning, which was then transformed into an appreciation of the Christian faith, even though the Toba Batak people in the St. John the Baptist Perawang Riau parish no longer held the full Mangupa Lahiron Daganak ceremony.

Masyarakat Jawa Di Desa Sidomulio Kabupaten Padang Lawas Tahun 2007-2018

This study discusses the life of the Javanese people in Sidomulio Village, Barumun Selatan District, Padang Lawas Regency. This research aims to explain the life of the Javanese people in Sidomulio Village. Researcher Sources were obtained through literature studies in the form of articles, journals, study documents in the form of a collection of photographs displayed in the Sidomulio village head's office as well as field studies by means of interviews and observations. In the discussion there is much that we know that the arrival of the Javanese to Sidomulio can be said to be gradual. In 1945-1946 Sidomulio Village was pioneered by a prominent figure, Mr. Marsidin, Mr. Kasmin, Mrs. Kasiah, Mr. Suanda and their friends who were Javanese who moved to Sidomulio. The driving factors for Javanese migration in Sidomulio Village are geographical location, demography and the economy, while the pull factor is that there is still a large area of ​​land available for them to work on. The Javanese live with various aspects of their lives, so that the dominance of Javanese identity is found in Sidomulio Village. The Javanese interact well with the Mandailing community, as can be seen from the harmonious kinship between the two tribes. The harmonious relationship between the Mandailing-Javanese Batak people is shown when the Mandailing Batak people have a celebration, inviting the Javanese to attend it.

Analysis of the Level of Education and Training on the Work Productivity of the Community Making Ulos Fabric in the Huta Raja Ulos Weaving Village

Kampung Tenun Ulos Huta Raja developed into a village that contains cultural values, especially for the culture of the Batak people, and was rearranged by completing various infrastructures and several facilities such as clean water and sanitation, attractive landscapes, and providing training to local residents so that at the same time they This study uses quantitative research. Based on the results of data processing, the first hypothesis is rejected, which means there is a negative and significant effect of the level of education (X1) on work productivity in Ulos village. Then, based on the hypothesis testing criteria, the second hypothesis is partially accepted, which means there is a positive and significant effect of community training (X2) on work productivity in Ulos village.

Analisis Semiotika pada Lirik Lagu O Tano Batak Karya Siddik Sitompul

This research thesis is a study that aims to describe semiotics and describe icons, indexes and symbols in the lyrics of the song "O Tano Batak" by Siddik Sitompul. The type of this research is the method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method by understanding the word that is the object of research. The results of this study include the Semiotics contained in the song "O Tano Batak" by Siddik Sitompul, namely icons, indexes, and symbols. The O Tano Batak song is a song originating from the North Sumatra region, especially the Batak tribal area. The lyrics of this song are presented to remind us of our hometown in Batak Land. Ancestral land, the land of origin of the Batak people. It is sung as a release of homesickness because the lyrics of this song are an expression of Batak youth who have migrated and longed for the atmosphere at home, namely in Batak Land.

Exploring Belief Values in Batu Umang Folklore: A Cultural Analysis of Durin Tani Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency

This research delves into the belief values embedded in the Batu Umang folklore of Durin Tani Village, located in the Sibolangit District of Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Through a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, the study uncovers the intricate web of cultural, social, and historical factors that have shaped these belief values, shedding light on their origins, evolution, and contemporary significance. The cultural context of the Batak people in Durin Tani Village plays a central role in the development of these belief values, with a deep reverence for nature and a harmonious relationship with the environment at its core. Social dynamics, including close-knit community bonds and shared values of unity and collective responsibility, have reinforced these belief values, fostering a sense of community cohesion. The historical backdrop of Dutch colonialism, trade, and migration has left an indelible mark on the folklore, imbuing it with stories of resilience and adaptability in the face of historical challenges. This research contributes significantly to the fields of folklore and cultural anthropology, highlighting the preservation of cultural heritage, community cohesion, and the adaptability of cultural traditions. It also underscores the universal nature of storytelling and belief systems, providing insights into the interconnectedness of culture, society, and history in shaping the belief values of a unique community. Ultimately, this study celebrates the enduring spirit of Durin Tani Village and its timeless cultural heritage, offering a deeper understanding of how local narratives can provide insights into the universal human experience.

Manghopol:Pendampingan Keindonesiaan terhadap Orang Sakit di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan

Manghopol is a ritual performed to provide consolation to people who are grieving. In his understanding, Manghopol is embracing or providing comfort to someone who experiences disturbances in the three components of human life as previously explained. In general, the main aspect that is carried out in the manghopol ritual is giving boras si pir ni tondi. In his understanding, Boras si pir ni tondi is a medium for the Batak people to provide assistance to grieving people. boras si pir ni tondi means that the person who receives the rice is prayed for to become na bolon to give a strong tondi in dealing with his grief.

Filsafat Pancasila Dalam Konsep Filosofis “Dalihan Na Tolu” Masyarakat Adat Batak Toba

Dalihan Natolu is understood as an identity and way of life that regulates the kinship system and is a determining factor in Batak cultural customs. This paper has two objectives, namely: to seek and discover the philosophical foundations of Dalikan Natolu; and displays how Dalihan Natolu’s “das sollen” and “das sein” are in the “now” era. Dalihan Natolu is the embodiment of the nature of human life itself and is the result of the search for the meaning of life for the Toba Batak people. Dalihan Natolu is the embodiment of the nature of Debata Natolu (the three Gods). However, there have been shifts, deviations in values ??and changes in perspective regarding the positions of the three functional groups in Dalihan Natolu, namely Hulahula, Dongan Sabutuha, and Boru.

Jakarta Toba Batak Subject Position in Toba Batak Mangongkal Holi Discourse: Laclau Discourse Analysis

A secondary burial practice known as Mangongkal Holi originated in the Toba Batak people. For hundreds of years, the Toba Batak tribe has incorporated this ceremony completely. Mangongkal Holi, unlike other Indonesian burial customs that have been successful in attracting tourists like the Ngaben and Rambu Solo celebrations, is going through an existential crisis, as evidenced by the somewhat less intense manner in which it is currently being practiced. The purpose of this study is to examine how the discourse around the Mangongkal Holi rite contributes to the development of Toba Batak cultural identity. In-depth interviews with Toba Batak tribal members served as the source of the research's data, along with a literature review. This study uses Ernesto Laclau's insight analysis as its analytical framework. According to the findings, the Mangongkal Holi ritual was articulated into four nodal points: reverence for ancestors, indifference to other religions, prestige, and unity. Based on the subject position analysis, the individuals from Jakarta Toba Batak demonstrate that there is a contingency of identity for Jakarta Toba Batak in the Mangongkal Holi discourse brought on by the individual's involvement with traditional institutions. The Mangongkal Holi rite seeks to promote clan harmony among those Jakarta Toba Batak people who have a close relationship with adat. It is no longer relevant to the social reality of Jakarta, which stresses efficiency in all aspects of life, such as time and money efficiency, for Jakarta Toba Batak people who are far from the Mangongkal Holi ceremony.

Aesthetic Values of Batak Toba Gondang Sadinding Music Performances at Gondang Sianjur Mula-mula Community

Gondang Sabangunan is one of a musical ensemble type that functions as an accompaniment to traditional ceremonies of the Toba Batak people. The Gondang Sabangunan performance by Gondang Sianjur Mula-Mula community has different form characteristics compared to other forms of Gondang. The performance of Gondang Sabangunan by Gondang Sianjur Mula-Mula community still maintains the use of original musical instruments amidst the rampant changes in the form of Gondang Sabangunan performances that use a mixture of modern musical instruments such as electric keyboard. The Gondang Sabangunan performance of the Gondang Sianjur Mula-Mula community is interesting to be studied more deeply to see the form and the aesthetic values of Gondang Sabangunan. This paper aims to find out the form and aesthetic value of Gondang Sabangunan. This article uses qualitative methods with an aesthetic approach The results of the discussion found that the form of three parts in the Gondang Sadinding performance related to traditional rituals, traditional ceremonies and social systems of the Batak people, while the aesthetic values found were pure values and extra aesthetic values based on Dalihan Na Tolu as the philosophy of kinship of the Batak community.

Ethnomathematics: Mathematical Concepts in Sigale-Gale Statues

This study aims to investigate the mathematical concept of the Sigale-gale statue so that it can be utilized as an instructional resource in mathematics. The study employs qualitative approaches using an ethnographic approach. The researcher served as the data collector for the study, and the informants were the Batak people. Primary data-gathering methods include observation, interviews, documentation, and comprehensive literature reviews. The data analysis technique is descriptive analysis in the form of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results revealed that the Sigale-gale Sculpture contains mathematical concepts such as plane geometry, spatial geometry, reflection transformation, dilation transformation, and angles. Ethnomathematics can be an innovation as well as a breath of fresh air in the classroom learning process so that the methods used are not monotonous, ethnomathematics-based learning models, student worksheets, and visual videos that illustrate mathematical concepts on the Sigale-gale Statue are used, thereby increasing student motivation and interest, and student learning outcomes are also increasing.

Ulos Sebagai Simbol Berkat dalam Budaya Batak Toba dan Relevansinya bagi Gereja Katolik

In every ethnic life, there are various ways in which humans can express their faith. The symbols contained in the customs help humans to concrete their faith. For the Batak people, ulos is a symbol that expresses who they believe in, while the mangulosi event is a sign of giving blessings, blessings, and prayers. Therefore, between Catholic culture and faith there are theological similarities and relationships, especially regarding blessings. The purpose of this paper is, that the author wants to explore the meaning of ulos as a symbol of blessing in the Toba Batak marriage and its relevance in the Catholic faith. Also, it provides an understanding of the use of ulos in marriage as one of the Batak ancestral heritages that are maintained and lived by the Toba Batak people until now. The type of research used by the author is qualitative research. While the research method used in this study is the phenomenological method. The result obtained is that ulos become a means of blessing that is used by Allah to bless his fellows. Therefore, ulos is very relevant to be used both in community life and in religious life

Citra Perempuan Kolonial dalam Kehidupan Beragama di Sumatera Timur, 1870-1942

The opening of tobacco plantations in East Coast Sumatra in 1870 became a major factor in the creation of ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity in there. All the Malays there were Muslim, then the Europeans came with their Christianity, which was followed by most of the Batak people, the Indians brought Hinduism and Sikhism, and the Chinese brought Buddhism. East Coast Sumatra is a pluralistic region, but there has never been a conflict between ethnicities or religions. Very interesting. However, the reality of the religious life of the people at that time had never been revealed in detail. Furthermore, during the 1930 census it was recorded that there were 4.293 Europeans in Medan and 2.001 of them were women, but their presence in the religious sphere has not been exposed. Therefore, this study aims to narrate the image of colonial women in religion in East Coast Sumatra. The images of colonial women in this study are all forms of mental, spiritual, and daily behaviour expressed by women in religion, including the outward appearance that appears in women and their religious activities in East Coast Sumatra in the period 1870-1942. This study uses the historical method, and the primary data are the Dutch Colonial Government Report (verslag),Volkstelling 1930, maps, newspapers, bulletins and magazines, photographs depicting the religious life of the people of East Sumatra in the period 1870-1942.

Gereja HKBP dalam Mempertahankan Identitas Kultural Diaspora Etnis Batak Toba di Kota Denpasar

Huria Kristen Batak Protestant (HKBP) is a Protestant Christian church in the Toba Batak ethinc group. HKBP cannot be separated from the life of the Toba Batak people. although basically the HKBP is a fellowship of Christians from all ethnic groups and groups. This study discusses the role of the church in an effort to maintain the cultural identity of the Toba Batak diaspora in Denpasar. and implications for both the congregation and the community around the church. This study uses the Functionalism Theory from Talcott Parsons and Symbolic Interaction Theory from Herbert Blumer. Qualitative research methods through data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation as well as using inductive data analysis techniques. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Protestant Batak Christian Huria Church (HKBP) played a major role in maintaining the cultural identity of the Toba Batak diaspora in Denpasar. The implication of establishment of the Protestant Batak Christian Huria Church (HKBP) in Denpasar is the emergence of an exclusive and inclusive attitude from the congregation.

The Batak-Christian Theology of Land: Towards a Postcolonial Comparative Theology

Comparative theology has focused much on exploring and comparing the theological contents of world religions. In contrast, some of the works have yet to address the social matrix and lived experience of practitioners. This paper aims to offer a postcolonial comparative theology that considers the notion of subjectivity rather than neutrality, the appreciation of theology as a "living tradition" rather than mere "text," and the emphasis on the historical matrix of power rather than a framework of conceptual construction. The purpose is to provide a comparative theology of land in the indigenous religion and Christianity of the Batak people of Indonesia. In discussion with Bungaran Simanjuntak, Kim Knott, and Najeeba Syeed, among others, this paper will elaborate on the theological idea of land, particularly the Batak notion of huta (village) by tracing its historical transformation from the precolonial to the postcolonial. I argue that in the postcolonial context of the Global South, a comparative theology of land cannot be pursued without considering the colonial matrix of power formative to people's lived experience of the land and the theology that is presently practiced.

Migrasi Batak Toba ke Medan Sebelum Era Otonomi: Antara Alasan Ekonomi dan Pendidikan

Migration of the Toba Batak people to Medan began at the end of the 19th century, but the flow of migration up to independence was relatively slow. However, after independence it increased so that in 1981, 1988 and 2000 it became the second order. Of course, the reason for the transfer can be different in terms of push factors and pull factors. The purpose of this research is to find out the causal factors why the Toba Batak people entered Medan since several decades ago until the era of autonomy. The research was conducted in five districts from March to August 2022. Sampling was carried out by accidental sampling and snowball sampling with a total of 200 families as respondents. All respondents were born in North Tapanuli Regency who came to Medan in the 1950-2000 period. The results of the study show that the two main factors causing the displacement are educational reasons in the first place and economic reasons in the second place. In contrast, in previous studies, economic reasons were in first place while educational reasons were in second place. The conclusion from this research is that in the era of autonomy and the era of tourism development, the potential for Lake Toba and the surrounding area to become a very valuable asset to realize the expectations of the central government, namely to make Lake Toba a national and foreign tourist destination.

Representasi Nilai Budaya Suku Batak Pada Film Ngeri- Ngeri Sedap Karya Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk

Film is a means of mass communication that is in demand by many people, besides that, film is able to provide information that is easily accepted by all walks of life. This study aims to determine the Representation of the Cultural Values of the Batak Tribe in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap by Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk. As for this study, the researcher formulates the problem in this thesis into two, namely: (1) What are the iconic signs, indexes and redaction symbols in Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk's Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap film. (2) How is the representation of the cultural values of the Batak tribe in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap by Bene Dionysius Rajagukguk. To answer the two formulations of the problem, the researcher conducted a study using Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotics theory. This research is a non-stakeholder qualitative research. The form of analysis used is Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotic theory using three types of signs, namely icons, indexes and symbols. The data for this study were collected through an analysis of each scene or scene in the Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap film. The results of this study indicate that the representation of the cultural values of the Batak people in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap is shown through everyday scenes carried out by the characters Pak Domu, Mak Domu, Domu, Sarma, Gabe and Sahat. Symbols of cultural values of the Batak tribe are manifested through the use of language, clothing and customs. the meaning of the cultural symbol depicted in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap is the culture of the Batak tribe which is very thick with its cultural values that have been passed down from generation to generation, so that it is able to become a guideline in carrying out social life. Keyword: Representation, Cultural Values, Batak Tribe, Semiotic Analysis, Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap Films.

Melayu Islam dan Batak Kristen: Labelisasi Keagamaan Terhadap Identitas Kesukuan di Sumatera Timur pada Awal Abad Ke-20

This article discusses the religious labelling of ethnicity on Malay and Batak identities in East Sumatra in the early 20th century. The labelling refers to the mention of Malay as Islam and Batak as Christian. The labelling of religious identity strengthened along with the start of Dutch East Indies colonization of East Sumatra. The colonization of the Dutch East Indies changed various religious social lives between the inland people who were often called the Bataks with the coastal people called the Malays. Significant changes to the labelling have occurred since the arrival of European zending to the North Tapanuli region and influenced the social life of the Batak people in the inland at the end of the 19th century. Meanwhile, the Malay identity as Islam has become an inseparable unit, even before the colonization of East Sumatra. This article uses the historical method. Heuristics or collection of sources for this article are primary and secondary sources that discuss social situations in the contemporaries. Furthermore, source criticism and interpretation of historical facts will be carried out using theories or concept from the social sciences. the results of the study show that the religious labelling of Malay and Batak identities has two different poles. Malay as an Islamic identity that occurs because of labelling carried out internally. The Malay community identifies itself as Islam which means that Malay is the same as Islam. Meanwhile, Batak identity as a Christian is more likely to emerge due to external consequences. The attitude of the Dutch East Indies colonial politics that wanted to orbit Batak culture has formed various institutions that are mostly filled by zending parties. Therefore, the Batak identity as a Christian is more likely to be carried out by people outside the Christian religion, even though the person who does it is a Batak ethnic but having Islam as his/her religion.

Soara Batak: The Batak People's Resistance Newspaper in the Colonial Period (1919-1932)

Newspapers have a very important position in the politics of the Indonesian independence movement. Soara Batak is the first independence movement newspaper published in Batakland. This newspaper became a medium of information and communication, for the political organization Hatopan Kristen Batak (HKB). The initial purpose of publishing this newspaper was to oppose Dutch colonialism and the threat of foreign plantation entrepreneurs who wanted to capitalize on Batakland for personal gain. This can be seen from the motto of this newspaper which is written: Oela tanom, Oelang digomak Oelando which means “Cultivate your land, so that the Dutch do not take it”. This newspaper's courage in criticizing the colonial rulers caused Soara Batak's movements to be closely monitored. Tuan M. H. Manullang and A. Soetan Soemoroeng, the dual HKB and Soara Batak received repressive measures from the colonial government for their bold and sharp writings. The presence of Soara Batak had an important role in the politics of the Batak people's movement, which succeeded in igniting the people's fighting spirit to want to oppose Dutch colonialism which was very oppressive.

Reducing Uncertainty in Interpersonal Relationships of Batak - Java Students in Yogyakarta

This study reveals the reduction of uncertainty in the interpersonal relations of Batak and Javanese students in Yogyakarta. The character differences between the Batak and Javanese people are strongly influenced by language, culture, and habits. The Batak people have a violent character, are temperamental, rude, and speak at a loud volume. In addition, they also have a character that is firm, honest, open, and does not beat around the bush. As for the Javanese, they have a character that upholds the philosophy that a person's self-esteem depends on speech and language so everyone must take care of what they say. The theory used in this study is uncertainty reduction from Berger and Calabrese. This study used descriptive qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, informants were determined using purposive sampling techniques, validity testing used source triangulation, and data were analyzed through several stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results of the data findings obtained an illustration that each pair of informants had a different process of reducing uncertainty. The pair of informants AW and KS is more significant in reducing uncertainty than the pair of informants LD and LF. Factors that influence the significance include the existence of socialization skills and the number of meetings between LD and LF, gender equality, and experience similarities between AW and KS.

The Effect of Interleukin-2 -330 T/G Polymorphism in People with Schizophrenia Among The Batak and Javanese Ethnic Groups.

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder involving multiple genes with mild to moderate effects and non-genetic risk factors such as environmental and psychological influences that alter brain chemistry. Significant reduction in interleukin-2 production by peripheral lymphocytes is an immunological finding replicated in schizophrenia across various countries. Investigations on the interleukin-2 -330 T/G polymorphism in people with schizophrenia (PWS) are still minimal, and the study location involves only a few countries with different results. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of interleukin-2 -330 T/G polymorphisms in people with schizophrenia among the Batak and Javanese ethnic groups in Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra. This study used purposive non-probability sampling to recruit people with schizophrenia with 120 Batak and 120 Javanese subjects who were hospitalized at Prof. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. The interleukin-2 -330 T/G polymorphism was examined by the PCR method. The results showed that the genotype frequency of the Batak people with schizophrenia is as follows: GG 11.7%, TG 53.3% and TT 35%. Furthermore, the group of Javanese people with schizophrenia is as follows: GG 23.3%, TG 44.2% and TT 32.5%. The OR for the genotypic comparison of GG was found to be 2.154 with 95% CI 0.992-4.678, p=0.053, while that of the TG genotype was 0.892 with 95% CI 0.505-1.574 and p=0.693. The T allele was higher than the G allele in Batak and Javanese ethnic groups, as demonstrated by p=0.713, OR=0.919 with 95% CI 0.641-1.318. There is no statistically significant difference between the occurrence frequency of alleles. In addition, there is no significant relationship between the GG and the TG genotype of the interleukin-2 - 330T/G polymorphism in people with schizophrenia among the Batak and the Javanese ethnic groups.