Batak Community Research Articles

REFORMULASI KEDUDUKAN JANDA CERAI MATI DALAM HUKUM WARIS ADAT BATAK PERSPEKTIF GENDER

The Toba Batak Community's customary law is one of the customary laws that is still alive with a kinship system that follows the father's lineage (patrilineal) which differentiates the position of sons and daughters. This research uses empirical methods. The results of the research explain that the position of widows and daughters in the Toba Batak tribe according to customary law is not as heirs, but based on the Supreme Court decision no. 179K/Sip/1961 Dated 23-10-1961 based on a sense of humanity and general justice, as well as on the nature of equal rights between women and men, the equal position between men and women can be seen in Presidential Instruction No. 9 of 2000 concerning Gender Mainstreaming in National Development. The Position of Divorced Widows in Batak Customary Inheritance Law. Gender Perspective. In the patrilineal kinship system adopted by Batak society, men are placed in a higher position. Societies that adhere to a partial kinship system of women have a very low position, so it is necessary to reformulate the position of women in the field of customary law, by establishing a national customary law of inheritance that is bilateral in nature

Kearifan Lokal Marsiadapari: Refleksi Ekologis Dalam Marhobas Pada Pesta Batak

Mutual cooperation is also a local wisdom of the Toba Batak community, which is often referred to as Marsiadapari, a mutual cooperation activity carried out by the Toba Batak community in providing labor assistance without giving wages to the people who help them. Marsiadapari is carried out voluntarily to help each other in the community around their rice fields who need help. The aim of the research is to find out the local wisdom of Marsiadapari carried out in Marhobas at Batak Feasts and to find out the Modernization of Marsiadapari: Ecological Reflections in Marhobas at Batak Feasts. The method used in this research is a qualitative method based on case studies and literature studies and uses reliable and accurate sources such as journals, books and the Bible. Marsiadapari: ecological reflection in marhobas at Batak festivals is local wisdom that has long existed, but with the rapid modernization that is creating many changes, Toba Batak people need to be more critical in responding to current modernization, not to turn a blind eye to the modernization of local wisdom of the Batak community Toba, and can also maintain the ecology of Marhobas at the Toba Batak party.

Tabu (Pantang) Saling Berbicara Dalam Masyarakat Batak Karo Desa Lau Penghulu

The aim of this research is to digitize the "Rebu" taboo of the Karo Batak community on the internet. The steps of the ADDIE theory become a process of digitizing the "Rebu" taboo for the Karo Batak community. analysis, design, development, iv, implementation, and evaluation are some of them. This research uses primary and secondary data sources. Primary data comes from interviews with Karo traditional community leaders, while secondary data comes from books. A web page about the “Rebu” taboo among the Karo Batak people is the output of the research. The website was subjected to expert material and design testers for linguistic testing before digitization. As recommended by experts, the website will be upgraded and digitized at the same time.

Analysis Of Dalihan Na Tolu In Conflict Resolution In The Toba Batak Community: Case Study In Medan City

The aim of this research is to find a policy model for resolving social conflicts based on local wisdom in the Toba Batak community in Medan City. This research includes models and social conflict resolution based on the local wisdom of the Toba Batak community, with consensus and principled negotiations in resolving conflicts and strategic efforts adopted by dalihan na tolu elements to resolve conflicts. The consensus and negotiation model is an effort used to raise public awareness of the existence of the traditional principles of dalihan na tolu in conflict resolution. The wisdom model shows that there is public awareness and understanding of the great potential of local wisdom in conflict resolution in urban areas, namely mutual respect, solidarity and kinship and this forum is always present in the customs carried out by the Toba Batak people in their daily lives. The method for reducing conflict and weakening the pretext of na tolu is seen by building a commitment to togetherness and supporting public leaders such as ulama, traditional leaders and other community leaders to mediate between parties in conflict, as well as the need for a dual role of religious leaders in spreading the values ​​of peace and wisdom. local to strengthen the dalihan na tolu in the midst of the people or society. An analysis of the causes of conflict is seen through the resolution model in Toba Batak society with the patterns or functions of dalihan na tolu in conflict resolution in the city of Medan. The results of this research reveal that dalihan na tolu is a forum for consensus and principled negotiation in resolving conflicts in the Toba Batak community in Medan City where the actors in it wisely become the driving force in the consensus.

Islamic Legal Values in the Angkola Batak Community Marriage Onang-Onang Dance Tradition, Sumatra, Indonesia

The issue of customary law and Islamic law is always used with a social conflict approach in society. However, the occurrence of marriage in the Angkola Batak community is interesting and unique, there is a tradition of oanng-onang poems in the marriage procession which reflects socio-cultural values. This research uses a normative juridical research type with a statute approach, namely examining norms, both from the shari'a and customary law aspects, and a comparative approach, namely a comparative approach between customary law and shari'a and the source of legal material in the form of nash. The results of this study show that the meaning of the Onang-Onang poem is an expression of heart longing for the mother (parents) and her lover, but it is also used in happy situations, including traditional ceremonies and contains religious values contained during the onang-onang tradition procession. Meanwhile, the authors argue that the validity of the tradition is not only socio-cultural but the religious value in Islamic law is inseparable from the role of parents and family, as well as relatives who become educational spaces in instilling attitudes and behavior in line with Islamic teachings, namely Q.S. Luqman verse 17.

The Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan Batak Statue As A Source Of Inspiration For The Creation Of Painting Artworks

The author's fascination inspired the creation of this work with the Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan Batak statue, a significant element of Batak culture, notable for its shape, history, and function. This statue portrays seven individuals supporting each other, diminishing in size, set against diverse backgrounds. The research seeks to visualize the form, history, and applicability of the Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan statue from the distant past to the present day, manifesting as paintings accompanied by descriptions of their meanings and the techniques employed in their creation. The author produced 12 paintings in this study using acrylic and oil paints on canvas. These artworks feature human figures and primitive Batak figurative statues, characterized by stylized forms, set against a simple village backdrop that serves as a historical context for Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan. Historically, this statue was employed by leaders in traditional Batak community events. The author combined three techniques—plaque, chiaroscuro, and bravura—to infuse the paintings with dynamic impressions, contrasts, and vitality. Notably, the chiaroscuro technique was employed to balance dark and light, utilizing paint colors derived from raw umber and yellow ocher combined with primary colors to evoke a vintage atmosphere. The outcomes of this research comprise 12 paintings, each titled uniquely, reflecting the author's interpretation of the Tungkot Tunggal Panaluan statue in the realm of fine art. These works offer a profound insight into the statue's form, history, and function, contributing significantly to the author's impact on the evolution of painting.

Implementation of An-Nadhofatu Minal Iman in Building Clean and Healthy Living Behavior

Environmental cleanliness is one of the main factors for a clean, healthy, and comfortable life. Avoid various kinds of diseases that are desired by everyone. In maintaining the cleanliness of the environment, not only ourselves, but also the community, and also the government. The lack of public attention to the environment is very familiar today. Cleanliness is part of faith is a sentence that is not heard in the ears of every human being. The sentence is the meaning of the hadith which reads "An Nadhofatu Minal Iman". In North Padang Lawas Regency, there is an advice or philosophy, namely Poda Na Lima. Poda Na Lima consists of five elements found in the Angkola Batak community or the Mandailing tribe. The results of the study are observations made by Regular Community Service Program students at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra for the period 2021-2022 located in Siringki Jae village, Halongonan District, North Padang Lawas Regency, and there are still many people who do not realize the importance of clean and healthy living behavior and do not keep the environment clean.

The Horrifying Film Sedap Message Marks Awareness of Family Communication in the Toba Batak Community

The Horrifying Film Sedap Message Marks Awareness of Family Communication in the Toba Batak Community

Persistensi Sistem Nilai Dalihan Na Tolu dalam Ruang Rumah Tinggal Masyarakat Batak Perantauan di Yogyakarta

Title: The Persistence of the Value System of Dalihan Na Tolu within Residential Spaces of the Overseas Batak Communities in Yogyakarta The research begins with a community entity moving from old to new residential space. This study focuses on the overseas Batak community who migrated with the urge to achieve hagabeon, hamoraon, and hasangapon. Yogyakarta has become one of the destinations for the migration of the overseas Batak community. The study aims to discover how the Dalihan Na Tolu value system is reflected in the architectural patterns of the Batak community's homes in Yogyakarta. The data sources included physical evidence found in residential homes, reconstructed spatial arrangements based on observations and interviews with individuals who have been displaced from their homeland (specifically Tapanuli, North Sumatra), as well as notes and writings about the history, social, and cultural conditions of the Batak community in Yogyakarta. The gamma map technique was used to analyze the spatial depth level and position of the three functional groups in Dalihan Na Tolu. The principle of Dalihan Na Tolu persists through spatial adaptation, placing hula-hula positions in areas with high connectivity and away from circulation pathways. The persistence of the Dalihan Na Tolu value system is an attitude of respect for hula-hula.

Kedudukan Anak Perempuan dalam Mewaris pada Masyarakat Batak Toba di Desa Simpang Mesuji

In the Toba Batak Indigenous People (patrilineal kinship) the position of men is very prominent and strong, so that the heirs in the Toba Batak Indigenous People are only men, not women because girls will marry and leave their relatives. However, there have been developments and changes to the inheritance of the Toba Batak Community which have occurred due to various factors. Research objectives 1) To find out and analyze the position of daughters in inheriting in the Toba Batak Community in Simpang Mesuji Village, Simpang Pematang District, Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province and 2) To find out and analyze the factors that influence changes in inheritance distribution in the Toba Batak Community in Simpang Mesuji Village Simpang Pematang District, Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province. The research uses empirical legal research methods, to see how the law works in society. Girls have a position in inheriting to the Toba Batak Community in Simpang Mesuji Village, Simpang Pematang District, Mesuji Regency, Lampung Province. The factors that influence the changes in the division of inheritance in the Toba Batak Community in the village are the factors of education, religion, justice, and compassion.

Identifying Turn-Taking Strategies in Toba Batak Wedding Traditional “Mangulosi”: A Case on Conversation Analysis

This research is to find out theturn taking strategies that used by the participants in Batak Toba mangulosi cultural event. Phenomenon is not little of the Toba Batak community does not include even custom events not executing the process Mangulosi during their marriage because they assume that This Mangulosi event is a waste of time and money.The purpose of the research is to find out the types of strategies in Toba Batak Traditional Mangulosi. The researchers collected the data by using video. This research uses qualitative descriptive method.This theory describes three types namely Taking the turn (starting up, take over, interrupting), Holding the turn (filled pause, silent pause, meta-comments), Yielding the turn (prompting, appealing, giving up.The result of this research shows that there are 27 data with the different percentage such as; Hesitant Start (8%), Clean Start (8%), Uptakes (8%), Link (8%), Alert (4%), Meta-Comments (-), Filled Pause (10%), Silent Pause (12%), Repetition (24%), Prompting (10%), Appealing (8%), Giving up (8%).This research is expected to provide more information to readers that they need to pay attention to what the speaker needs and when it should be delivered.

Penghormatan Terhadap Leluhur: Perspektif Masyarakat Batak Kristen Terhadap Ritual Mangongkal Holi Di Desa Sinom Hudon Tonga

The aim of this research is to find out the meaning of respect for ancestors contained in the mangongkal holi ritual of the Christian Batak community. The research method used is qualitative research with a socio-theological approach. The current understanding of the Christian Batak community regarding the mangongkal holi ritual is very different, especially after the arrival of Christianity to Batak land, some think that this ritual contains animism or something else and there are also those who think that this ritual is contrary to Christianity. This ritual cannot be said to be in conflict with Christianity, but on condition that in the ritual there is no hasipelebeguon or things related to ancestor worship because in essence, as a Christian Batak society, they must be able to balance ritual and religion. This research explains what the meaning and purpose of the mangongkal holi ritual is for the Batak people, how the ritual and things related to mangongkal holi are carried out and their relationship with Christianity, and this research also explains how ancestors are respected biblically and also in Toba Batak ways. The result of this research is to examine socio-theologically the mangongkal Holi ritual by taking the example of moving Joseph's bones, which is about how respect for ancestors is depicted.

Kedudukan Anak Perempuan dalam Warisan Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Budaya Batak Toba Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Pangaribuan Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara

The problem of inheritance is a discussion that has been discussed clearly and in detail in the Al-Qur'an and Sunnah on how to resolve it. However, along with developments over time, there are bound to be problems that arise in resolving inheritance issues among society. Not only in this day and age, even during the time of the Prophet SAW there were often disputes between his heirs. This thesis discusses the Position of Girls in Inheritance According to the Compilation of Islamic Law and Toba Batak Culture, where the Toba Batak Culture says that girls are not heirs. The method used is empirical juridical, which uses empirical facts that examine applicable legal provisions and what happens in reality in society. The nature of the research used is descriptive, where research only describes the situation of facts or incident. Based on the research results, the application of Islamic inheritance law in the Toba Batak Community in Pangaribuan sub-district, North Tapanuli district has not used Islamic law as its inheritance law, but still uses customary law. Toba Batak heirs in Pangaribuan sub-district, North Tapanuli regency usually hold deliberations to resolve this either only with their families or with traditional elders.

The Role of Minangkabau and Batak Families in Medan

Background. The family has a pattern of relationships or rules of behavior and is a social institution that has a system of norms and procedures for completing important tasks. The family is an important social institution in Indonesia, where the family has a set of norms and rules to accomplish important tasks in the family. Families play an important role in shaping a person's character and social behavior in society. The main task of the family is to pass on traditions, attitudes, behaviours and values by creating an environment conducive to positive interaction and socialization between the child and their environment. The Minangkabau community in Indonesia, originating from West Sumatra, has a matrilineal kinship system, which emphasizes childcare by the mother and guidance from the mother's brothers. In contrast, the father's role is to provide for the family. The Batak community has a patrilineal kinship system, where kinship relationships are based on the father's lineage. In Batak tradition, men have a higher status than women, and only men are allowed to make decisions in family discussions.
 Methods. This study is quantitative in nature using descriptive methods. The population of this study was 600 Minangkabau families and 480 Batak families in Medan with a sample of 169 people, of which 86 people from the Minangkabau tribe and 83 people from the Batak tribe. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire.
 Results. The results showed that mothers from the Minangkabau tribe were in the very good category at 73.3% and the Batak tribe respondents were in the very good category with a total of 72.3%.
 Conclusion. The role of mothers from the Minangkabau and Batak tribes is in the excellent category.
 Keywords: Mother's Role, Family, Minangkabau, Batak

Redeeming Ulos Batak through Christian Religious Education and its Implications

Ulos is a local cultural product of the Batak community worn during every traditional ceremony. However, since the preaching of the Christian Gospel in the late 18th century in Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia, the presence of Christianity has grown rapidly and influenced the social and cultural life of the Batak people, especially in the use of ulos. Initially, the use of ulos was not considered problematic, but later, with the arrival of various Christian denominations that had different beliefs from what was taught in the church before, conflicts arose. The purpose of this research is to examine how the use of ulos has caused conflicts with Christianity. This article uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis and synthesis of thoughts on the relationship between Christianity and culture. The instruments used for analysis and synthesis include literature studies, observations, and interviews with Batak cultural figures. The main findings are as follows: first, positioning ulos as a traditional weaving that can be used as a unique form of local wisdom; second, using ulos within the framework of building socio-cultural relations for the Batak people and other ethnic groups; third, creating and using ulos as an example of teaching material for the redemption of local culture in a contemporary context. The analysis and synthesis results recommended by the author regarding the use of ulos as one of the teaching materials in the Christian Religious Education curriculum for the cultivation of local wisdom values for church congregants and students in schools.

Akulturasi Hukum Islam Dan Kearifan Lokal: Kajian Pergeseran Tradisi Sanksi Hukum Adat Kawin Semarga Masyarakat Batak Angkola

This research aims to examine the shift in the tradition of sanctioning the Semarga Marriage Customary Law in Sibuhuan, Padang Lawas. This research is qualitative research by identifying the existence of factors that cause clan marriages to occur and customary sanctions for perpetrators of clan marriages in the community in Sibuhuan. The results of the research show that the factors that cause clan marriages to occur in Sibuhuan are caused by two factors, namely the influence of Islamic religious teachings which do not prohibit clan marriages, but there are special rules in marriage according to Islam who cannot marry. In general, the perpetrators of clan marriages choose the rules. according to the teachings of Islam. Meanwhile, the second factor is due to the lack of understanding of the people in Sibuhuan about Batak customs which do not allow marriage within the clan because it will have an impact on Batak traditions. Meanwhile, there are several types of customary sanctions for perpetrators of marriage with the same clan, namely, (1) customary sanctions for prospective parents-in-law; (2) A woman who is married to her husband's surname must change her surname by asking for the surname from the husband's mother through the Adat process; (3) The surname of the groom's mother must be given to the bride and only applies to herself; (4) If there is a male child in their offspring in the future, the male child is not permitted to take bone boru and (5) cannot take part in the traditional banquet served at anyone's wedding party, before doing these four things. The conclusion obtained from this research is that intermarriage often occurs because the Angkola Batak community in Sibuhuan prioritizes religious teachings over customs and lacks understanding of Western customs. Then the traditional sanctions against perpetrators of intermarriage in the Angkola Batak Community in Sibuhuan still exist today, although they are not too heavy for the perpetrators.

The Process of Recognizing Indigenous Communities and Establishing Customary Forests in North Tapanuli

Indigenous people are communally entitled to customary forests and are referred to as having customary rights. There are structural inequalities and the distribution of land that the government hands over to large corporations rather than to Indigenous People. This study focused on (1) How is the process of recognizing customary law communities and establishing customary forests in the Toba Batak community in the North Tapanuli Regency after the Constitutional Court's decision Number 35/PUU-IX/2012 and how the interactions of various regulations implemented? (2) How do regulations interact when they are used as the basis for recognizing indigenous people and establishing their customary forests? (3) Why are customary rules and state policies still used in the process of resolving forest claim conflicts in issuing decrees for establishing customary forests? This research was conducted by collecting data through field observations, in-depth interviews, and gathering relevant data and documents. This study is expected to provide a better understanding of the process of customary identification and the establishment of customary forests in North Tapanuli, as well as provide input to the government and relevant stakeholders to enhance the protection and sustainability of customary rights and the management of customary forests in the region.

The Onang-Onang in Muhammad Akbar's Wedding Party: Descriptive Case Study

Onang-onang and Martarombo in the Batak community (Angkola Tribe, Mandailing Tribe) still have perpetrators, just like Onang-onang” and martarombo may be present at Angkola-Mandailing people's weddings. The Onang-Onang discourse often contains sentences that contain literary value because the elements of the discourse are often in the category of rhymes and proverbs. This type of pantun/proverb is included as an old type of poetry genre. The poetry genre is a type of literary genre category. In general, only people from the Angkola and Mandailing tribes still practice the Onang-onang oral tradition. Meanwhile, people from other Batak tribes, such as the Toba tribe, do not carry out the Onang-Onang event at weddings. Meanwhile, the martarombo tradition of 'investigating origins based on the descendants of the 'dalihan na tolu' community applies or may be carried out by all Batak tribes. The focus of this article is a discussion of the maronangonang tradition as a type of art that is performed as a means of entertainment and to complement traditional events at weddings for people of the Angkola-Mandailing tribe which is a case study for Muhammad Ali Akbar Harahap's wedding on Jalan Suriadi Gang Balai. Adat Number 11, Pasar 4, Mabar Hilir Subdistrict, Percut Sei Tuan District, Medan City. Tarombo is an event to investigate the origins based on individual descendants of the Batak tribe according to the 'dalihan na tolu' community. Martarombo is carrying out an investigation into the origins based on individual descendants of the Batak tribe according to the principle of 'dalihan na tolu'.

Gotong (Men's Head Cover) for the Batak Simalungun Ethnicity

Writing this article is to reveal the rich meaning of the men’s head cover or gotong for the Simalungun Batak community. The use of gotong or head cover for men and what their meaning and function for millennials today, especially those living in urban areas, have a lack of understanding. Therefore, the author created this article to describe the history of gotong, the types of gotong and what the function and meaning of gotong for the Simalungun Batak ethnicity. This research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive method and uses semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Pierce and data collection is done by observation, interviews and literature study. As for data analysis, it was carried out of using data reduction, translation and drawing conclusions and suggestions. There were found 4 types of gotong namely gotong salalu or gotong parhorja, gotong dihar, gotong porsa and gotong potik/gotong somba. The functions of gotong as a head cover and also as a means of identity. The meaning of using gotong is as a symbol of maturity and being able to become a good leader and be responsible for the house that he leads as well as in community life. Keywords: Ethnic Simalungun, Gotong and Semiotics

The Ulos Silalahi Woven Fabric Serves As a Significant Cultural Attribute Within The Silahisabungan District, Located In The Dairi Regency

The tittle of this research is Weaving Ulos Silalahi as a Cultural Attribute in Silahisabungan District, Dairi Regency. The objective of this study is to investigate the process involved in creating Ulos Silalahi Woven fabric and its utilization as a cultural symbol in traditional ceremonies within the Silahisabungan District. The present study employs ethnographic research methods. The findings indicated that the production of Ulos Silalahi Woven Fabrics commenced with the Mangunggas, which involves the bending of threads. Subsequently, the Manorha process is undertaken to string the threads into a humpalan. Finally, the Matibobok process is employed to create intricate designs on the fabric. The term "manirat" refers to the traditional process of fabric production, namely the creation of cloth and tassels. The utilization of Ulos Silalahi weaved cloth persists in contemporary times, particularly during traditional gatherings within Silalahi I Village. Ulos Silalahi, a type of woven fabric, holds significant cultural value among the Batak community, particularly among the descendants of the Silalahi clan residing in the Silahisabungan sub-district. This fabric is utilized throughout many occasions, both celebratory and mournful in nature.