Basis Of University Research Articles

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ПАБЛИК-АРТ ПРОЕКТОВ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ И ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОЙ СРЕДЕ

Combining educational environment with art has a long tradition within university museums, which are a valuable research resource, responsive to the needs of teaching, research and educational activities. At the same time, today not every school, university or research center has or can afford such museums. The article discusses innovative formats of interaction between educational institutions and artistic practices through public art — contemporary art practice, intended for the unprepared audience and implying the demonstration of art in a public, non-institutional environment. The article reveals the essence of the concept of public art, its evolution from understanding itself as an object to procedural and social practice; indicates the communicative, cultural and symbolic potential of public art in the formation of environments, communities, in the promotion of innovative ideas on the basis of universities or other educational institutions on the example of projects implemented at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow International University, Skolkovo Innovation Center. The conclusions of the article are the practical recommendations for creating public art projects on the territory of modern educational and research centers, based on communicative, site-specific, socially engaged approach.

Historical and Legal Features for the Development of Legal (Law) Education in 30-40s of the XX Century

Historical and legal features for the development of legal (law) education in the pre-war period on the territory of modern Ukraine, as well as the state of regulatory provision of the educational process in higher educational institutions have been studied. The genesis of Ukrainian legal education has been analyzed and the state of training of legal personnel for state authorities has been characterized. Some features of the University education system and unification policy of the Soviet government have been highlighted. The disadvantages and advantages of the development of legal education in the studied period have been outlined.
 It has been substantiated that on the eve of the Second World War there was the system of University legal education in Ukraine, which emerged on the basis of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Odesa and Chernivtsi Universities. The Soviet model of higher education of the outlined period proved itself to be a system which was accompanied by repression and arbitrariness of the authorities, imposition of Marxist ideology and lawlessness in all spheres of public life, which affected the educational activity of law faculties.
 There were two opposite tendencies in 30s and 40s of the XX century: on the one hand, the return to University legal education, the normative consolidation and streamlining of the educational process, the increase in the quantitative indicators of the training of lawyers for various sectors of the national economy; on the other hand, the reorganization of a number of higher educational institutions, including those which had law faculties and emerged in independent Ukraine after 1917, namely the Kyiv Ukrainian People’s University and the Ukrainian State University in Kamianets-Podilskyi, and unjustified Stalinist repression, the imposition of Marxist ideology.

STATE OF STUDENTS HEALTH AND HEALTHSAVING TECHNOLOGIES: REGIONAL EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES

The problem of health of students of higher education institutions of different regions of Russia at the present time is considered. The most common diseases of students are noted: diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems. Most authors point to an increase in the incidence of students from junior to senior courses, but a number of studies indicate the reverse trend, which can be explained by increasing the adaptive capacity of students. The characteristics of risk factors for students’ health, including those associated with the educational process, are given. Some risk factors are attributed to ineradicable: high psycho-emotional and mental stress, periodic violation of the daily regimen. The appearance of a high level of stress on the body of students is most typical during the examination session, which contributes to the development of neurotic states. It is possible to minimize the disposable risk factors, for example, characterizing the lifestyle (motor activity, food), and also the organization and availability of medical care for students. The main reasons that encourage students not to seek help in medical institutions, but, on the contrary, to self-medicate are highlighted. Modern health-saving technologies used by different educational organizations are analyzed. It was proposed to create integrated health-saving programs on the basis of universities, including physiological and hygienic substantiation of the schedule of classrooms, monitoring the health status and morbidity of students, creating the necessary infrastructure for physical education and sports. Examples of universities in different regions of Russia with established health Centers and successfully implemented health-saving technologies are given.

Research of the formation and development of FabLab as a form of interaction of science and manufacture in Ukraine

The object of research is the process of interaction between science and production on the basis of the development of FabLab in Ukraine, the subject is the theoretical and applied bases of the formation and development of FabLab. During the processing of the research problems, the authors applied the methods and approaches: a systematic approach, methods of grouping and generalization, the method of retrospecting, methods of analysis and synthesis. The prerequisites for the emergence and spread of FabLab in the world are considered, a retrospective analysis of their development is carried out and the current state is assessed. The principles of creating FabLab are studied (requirements for the organizational structure of laboratories, management approaches, specific features of production and training activities, commercial and non-commercial functioning models, legal aspects, definition of a set of tools and tools for invention, features of FabLab created on the basis of universities, etc.). The problems of formation and reasonable prospects for the development of FabLab in Ukraine are analyzed. In particular, FabLab is considered as important elements of the innovation infrastructure of the region, designed to provide answers in the early stages of innovation. From such positions in the work, the possibilities that FabLab in Ukraine can provide are investigated. First, to promote a balanced solution of the problem of creating new jobs in the region, creating new innovative structures. Secondly, to organize the space where innovative products are generated, embodied in prototypes and tested that becomes the basis for business development on innovative principles. Thirdly, to increase the level of training of future specialists through the use of unique resources FabLab. Fourth, to promote the growth of the level of successful employment of students, interest and involvement of schoolchildren in the choice of engineering specialties, stimulation of youth entrepreneurship, and the like. Based on the results of the analysis of macroeconomic indicators, the work substantiates the role of FabLab in Ukraine in the context of the challenges of the modern technological world in revising traditional approaches in production, management and other areas of activity.

ОСНОВНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ НАУКИ, ОСВІТИ І БІЗНЕСУ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТУ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

Purpose. The aim of this project is the analysis of tendencies concerning the integration of science, education, and business on the basis of universities in Ukraine, as well as detection and production of recommendations for optimizing this process. Methodology. The methodology is based on the usage of an integrated approach, which allowed summarizing results of investigations regarding this topic. Despite that, were also used methods of general scientific researches, such as analysis, synthesis, and systematization. The basis for the initial information was literary and online sources. Results of researches. The main directions for the development of a modern innovative environment in the world and in Ukraine were thoroughly considered. On the basis of two universities was carried out a comparative analysis towards the interaction of the «science – education – business» system. On the example of innovative development in the field of tourism has been developed a model for the integration of science, education, and business. The role of universities was estimated as key links between the state, science, and business. Scientific novelty. The research stands on the fact that innovative development in the field of tourism, and its subsequent commercialization, was considered through the prism of the integration of science, education, and business on the basis of the university. The practical significance. The materials of this article can be used in the development of innovations in the field of tourism and their further promotion on the market.

A National Comparison of Pre-service Elementary Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs about Mathematics: The case of Turkey

The aim of present study is to reveal pre-service elementary mathematics teachers’ (PEMTs) beliefs about mathematics in national perspective and to compare the regional differences. The sample of study was composed of 1418 PEMTs enrolled in 21 different universities as 4 th year students in Turkey. 12 regions determined in Nomenclature of Territorial Units or Statistics (NUTS) Level 1 were considered during the selection of sample universities. As data collection tools, “beliefs about the nature of mathematics”, “beliefs about mathematics learning” and “beliefs about the achievement in mathematics” scales which were developed in TEDS-M study and contain a total of five factors were used. The collected data were analyzed to descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA test using SPSS packet software. The findings indicated that PEMTs commonly have dynamic views toward nature of mathematics in the context of universities and regions. However, the static view representing the traditional aspect of mathematics also had a reasonably high percentile. Significant differences among universities and regions were determined in terms of beliefs about nature of mathematics, learning mathematics and mathematics achievement. To identify the possible reasons of the differences, it is suggested to carry out in-depth qualitative investigations to examine the variables such as courses and their contents, classroom applications in education faculties on the basis of universities and regions.

«SPIRIT OF INFORMATSIONALIZM» - THE RESPONSEOF THE UNIVERSITY CORPORATE CULTURE TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE MODERNITY

The article belongs to a conceptual type. It uses theoretical hypotheses and suggestions to clarify the development of functional aim and content of modern university corporate culture. The aim is to answer the question about the causes of tension between academic culture and corporate culture once we review dual cultural basis of the modern university combining traditional academic and corporate cultures. Do their different vectors and disagreements threaten to turn university into economic corporation? The main research method is comparison which suggests the need to see the content of corporate cultures of classical and modern universities in comparative analysis. The aim of modern university corporate culture is to improve its competitiveness because it needs to answer pragmatic requirements of modern situation. From the point of view of discourse it is found in corporate lexics, which frequently uses such words as «commerce», «product - price relations», «educational service», «academic capitalism», etc. This brings imbalance to classical cultural basis of the university which has traditionally been oriented towards spiritual service to high ideals preferring theoretic fundamental knowledge. Fragility of academic culture shows itself in appearing (under the influence of corporate culture) danger of shifting university development towards its transformation into economic corporation. At the same time corporate culture potential is not limited to its commercial and economic characteristics and present day reality challenges university not only with pragmatic issues. In its attempt to survive and remain humane network world with its tendency towards impersonal nature, disconnection and alienation has claimed professional and personal identity with such characteristics as interaction, trust and cooperation. That is what modern philosophers, sociologists and psychologist mean when giving discourse description of such culture in «patchwork» construction (M. Castels). Because of its: «patchwork» nature the culture requires “lubricant”, “super - glue”, trust (F. Foukoyama) and «mutual understanding» (K. Gergen) and, as M. Castels says «informationalism spirit». All this is intrinsic to corporate culture the managerial function of which is to organize university life according to relevant challenges. The reason why such a great attention is paid to university corporate culture nowadays in its market discourse understanding is that modern society which dynamically spreads pragmatic and mercantile approach to all spheres of life has transferred education (including university education) to the same language. The novelty of the article is in identifying humanitarian content of the modern university corporate culture and its justification as a potential for complementary connection of university modernization processes of economic type and traditional classic component. Conclusion can be interesting for university education managerial structure. The answer of the modern university to the question presented in the article title is initiated by creation of its new cultural basis which has dual nature. On the one hand traditionally high academic culture supports classical «university idea» [1] of selfless service and remains a characteristic feature of university education, bringing in “an invisible element” of spiritual life [2] - unique humanitarian spirit. On the other hand modern sociocultural challenges dictate the need for the second component of university cultural basis: corporate culture orienting it towards economic, material and pragmatic interests. Contradictions between cultural basis components creates tension which underpins transformations typical of modern university and leads to questions concerning its future. Will university remain as it is or turn into economic corporation producing specialists necessary for different spheres of social reality created because of public labor division? This question is widely discussed nowadays and the answers usually sound like «this or that». Yet we would like to shift our discussion to the level of actual content of this notion which gave rise to this discrepancy and brought tension to university cultural foundations. Otherwise we will have to ask the question about what corporate culture is and if it really is so opposed to traditional classic that there is a threat of university transformation. Are the elements of university cultural basis really so opposing and divergent?

KEY ASPECTS OF TEACHING «MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS» IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN ECONOMIC REALITIES

World experience training top managers of organizations demonstrates the need for its implementation on the basis of university education.Considering that in a turbulent transformation of society in Ukraine, the emergence variety of organizational structures that operate in the new environment, management of enterprises mainly engaged in unprofessional leaders and hundreds of thousands of individual entrepreneurs.There is an urgent need to create the conditions for this category of people to obtain professional managerial training.The article is to determine the key aspects of teaching «Management of Organizations».The possibility of acquiring within the course knowledge and skills regarding corporate forms of management, psychology manager changes, style of economic behavior, leaders reassessment of their role and place in the economic system caused great interest in the subject «Management of Organizations» – theory and practice of modern organizations. There is an objective need to upgrade the educational process, ie introduction of innovative approaches to teaching discipline. To solve these future challenges designed professional teaching «Management of Organizations».Against the background of the article proposed approaches to teaching the course «Management of Organizations» with a view to acquiring the most effective use of the competencies management organizations in the face of uncertainty, instruments of state influence on the activity of market economy future managers able to bring domestic enterprises the high level of efficiency and competitiveness thanks orientation to the market value of the global economy.Based on the outlined key aspects in the organization of training discipline «Management of Organizations», the future manager in the learning process following the requirements of the teacher can begin to prepare themselves for professional activities, develop skills, creative ability, competence, with just a toolkit forms of higher education participating in seminars, business games, analyzing work situations, as well as self-performing educational tasks – essays, term papers and tests.

Identifying students’ intercultural communicative competence at the beginning of their placement: towards the enhancement of study abroad programmes

A pre-placement questionnaire was completed by a cohort of 30 students participating in the Erasmus exchange programmes from the University of Salamanca, placed in British universities, and by a group of 25 Nottingham Trent University students hosted by diverse Spanish universities. The questionnaire was then analysed with the aim of providing a profile of their intercultural communicative competence (ICC), based on data about their self-perceived motivation and their intercultural awareness, knowledge, attitudes and skills, prior to their stay abroad. Despite the fact that their previous experience abroad, level of language proficiency and home university requirements for the placement differed, both groups shared a positive attitude towards the host country, considered themselves ready to adapt to new cultural environments, regarded misperceptions and solving conflicts as their greater challenge and expressed a willingness to grow personally and professionally. These data will inform a larger research project seeking to identify the factors that promote the acquisition of intercultural competences, as a basis for universities to equip students with tools aimed at overcoming obstacles that may pose an educational challenge for them and hinder the development of their ICC while on placement abroad.

Improvement of the mechanism of financial support small innovative enterprises based on universities

The Russia, like the advanced foreign countries, and develops innovative ways. In the article the questions of improvement of the mechanism of financial support of small enterprises, organized on the basis of universities. The authors analyzed the positive international and Russian experience in this field and recommendations are given based on the results of implementation of certain provisions of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov (Russia, Belgorod).

Aptitude tests versus school exams as selection tools for higher education and the case for assessing educational achievement in context

Advocates of using a US‐style SAT for university selection claim that it is fairer to applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds than achievement tests because it assesses potential, not achievement, and that it allows finer discrimination between top applicants than GCEs. The pros and cons of aptitude tests in principle are discussed, focusing on school‐proofness claims, concluding that it is invalid to assess suitability for university using measures purportedly immune to study, and unfair to allocate opportunities according to qualities acquired by chance. Considering empirical findings, aptitude tests’ claims to school‐proofness and their power to predict academic achievement – relative to achievement tests – are found wanting. Methods of evaluating pupils’ achievement within an educational context are discussed, including a national system for ranking university applicants that accounts for absolute achievement and educational context. Pupils’ ranks would form the basis of universities’ first sifts, allowing applicants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to compete fairly for university places.

Student small-scale enterprises on the basis of University

The article is devoted to formation of Student's marketing agency within frames of university. It allows to fix the knowledge received on theoretical rates of studied disciplines in practice. In addition it also carries out other functional loadings.