Basis Of Physical Characteristics Research Articles

VADER: Probing the Dark Side of Dimorphos with LICIACube LUKE

Abstract The ASI cubesat LICIACube has been part of the first planetary defense mission DART, having among its scopes to complement the DRACO images to better constrain the Dimorphos shape. LICIACube had two different cameras, LEIA and LUKE, and to accomplish its goal, it exploited the unique possibility of acquiring images of the Dimorphos hemisphere not seen by DART from a vantage point of view, in both time and space. This work is indeed aimed at constraining the tridimensional shape of Dimorphos, starting from both LUKE images of the nonimpacted hemisphere of Dimorphos and the results obtained by DART looking at the impacted hemisphere. To this aim, we developed a semiautomatic Computer Vision algorithm, named VADER, able to identify objects of interest on the basis of physical characteristics, subsequently used as input to retrieve the shape of the ellipse projected in the LUKE images analyzed. Thanks to this shape, we then extracted information about the Dimorphos ellipsoid by applying a series of quantitative geometric considerations. Although the solution space coming from this analysis includes the triaxial ellipsoid found by using DART images, we cannot discard the possibility that Dimorphos has a more elongated shape, more similar to what is expected from previous theories and observations. The result of our work seems therefore to emphasize the unique value of the LICIACube mission and its images, making even clearer the need of having different points of view to accurately define the shape of an asteroid.

Evaluation on the Effect of Silica (DE) for Growth and Quality of Mango Kesar

An experiment was conducted during 2012-2014 at Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Gokak (Karnataka), India to study the effect of silicon on yield and quality of mango cv. Kesar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments replicated five times. The results revealed that, the highest yield per tree (140.93 kg/tree) was recorded in the treatment supplemented in (T5) Half of RDF + DE 600 kg/ha which significantly more than the compared to control during 2012-2013, 2013-2014 and pooled data. It was noticed that the (T7) RDF + DE 300 kg per hectareas RDF + DE 300 kg/ha was best on the basis of physical characteristics like increased in length, diameter and volume of the fruit, and the treatment was significantly higher than the untreated control mango fruits. The treatment also helped in better chemical characteristics like increased TSS, total sugars, and reducing sugars and optimum physiological loss in weight, resulting in improved keeping quality at ambient conditions (25-350C, 50-60% RH). The T7 treatment was judged as the most effective soil application for the mango cv. Kesar that helped in increasing the quality of the mango fruits during storage even after 18 days of storage. The same treatment was also found to be more effective and significantly more than the compared to control during 2012-2013, 2013-2014 and pooled data with respect to organoleptic parameters for the mango cv. Kesar.

Racism and mental health and the role of mental health professionals.

The concept of "race" and consequently of racism is not a recent phenomenon, although it had profound effects on the lives of populations over the last several hundred years. Using slaves and indentured labor from racial groups designated to be "the others," who was seen as inferior and thus did not deserve privileges, and who were often deprived of the right to life and basic needs as well as freedoms. Thus, creation of "the other" on the basis of physical characteristics and dehumanizing them became more prominent. Racism is significantly related to poor health, including mental health. The impact of racism in psychiatric research and clinical practice is not sufficiently investigated. Findings clearly show that the concept of "race" is genetically incorrect. Therefore, the implicit racism that underlies many established "scientific" paradigms need be changed. Furthermore, to overcome the internalized, interpersonal, and institutional racism, the impact of racism on health and on mental health must be an integral part of educational curricula, from undergraduate levels through continuing professional development, clinical work, and research. In awareness of the consequences of racism at all levels (micro, meso, and macro), recommendations for clinicians, policymakers, and researchers are worked out.

Synthesis And Spectral Study Of Cr(Iii), Mn(Ii), Ni(Ii) And Cu(Ii) Complexes Of Schiff Base Derived From Diacetylmonoxime With Thiourea

Transition metal complexes of Cr(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) of the Schiff base; 1-((2E,3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene)thiourea were synthesized and characterized on the basis of physical characteristics, molar conductivity, micro-analytical data(CHN), magnetic moment measurements, Mass spectra, 1HNMR, IR and UV-Vis spectrum data. The elemental analysis data showed the complexes are in 1:1 [M:L] ratio. The molar conductance values revealed the complexes of Cr(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) are electrolyte in nature while the Cu(II) complex is non-electrolyte. The results of magnetic moment measurements showed that, the complexes of Cr(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have unpaired electrons. The electronic spectral results of the Schiff base ligand and its complexes suggested that, the Cr(III), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes have an octahedral structure.

Carbon Based Kajal Formulations: Antimicrobial Activity and Feasibility as a Semisolid Base for Ophthalmics

Study aimed to prepare and evaluate carbon based kajal formulation and carry out its comparative evaluation with the marketed formulations of kajal.
 Initially, carbon soot was deposited on Aloe vera mucilage spreaded on a copper plate, in specifically designed apparatus. Subsequently, sun dried plate was allowed to expose to the flame of cow ghee for 1 hr. Soot which was deposited on the copper plate was scrapped and Characterization of Soot by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD and EDX was carried out and kajal was prepared by adding few drops of cow ghee to it. The kajal was compared with the five marketed kajal formulations available in India, on the basis of physical characteristics their antibacterial potential was also assessed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
 All the formulations exhibited almost similar physical characteristics. The prepared kajal showed pH (7.06±0.13). The antimicrobial activity of the marketed formulations was comparatively less than that of freshly prepared exhibiting zone of inhibition 13.05±0.11, 20.08± 0.13 and 22.06±0.18 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli respectively. EDX spectra, revealed that the cow ghee soot have the weight percentage of carbon and copper as 79.20 and 17.10% respectively and Confirmed the absence of Lead (Pb). The eye irritation test (OECD 405) also showed no any irritation, redness, watering of the eye or swelling was not observed for prepared formulation in test animal. Prepared Kajal can be safely used for beatification and also in the treatment of eye diseases especially in pediatrics.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Transition Metal Complexes of [NN] Donor Benzenesulfonamide Based Schiff Bases

The new sulfonamide Schiff based ligands have been prepared by refluxing 7-Methylquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and Halobenzenesulfonamide in methanol for 46 hours. The transition metal complexes of Cu, Co, Ni and Zn are synthesized and characterized on the basis of physical characteristics, micro-analytical data, 1H-NMR, FT-IR spectrum and electronic spectrum data. The FT-IR spectrum data suggest that Schiff base ligand behave in bidentate manner as coordinated with transition metals through nitrogen of azomethine group and of nitrogen of quinolone group. 1H-NMR data confirmed the formation of the complexes. The biological screening effect of Schiff base and their metal complexes are studied against gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion technique. While electronic spectrum data confirmed the octahedral geometry of complexes. The biological activity show that complex exhibit higher antibacterial activity than that of Schiff base against tested

A New Quinolizidine Alkaloid from Sophora flavescens

We studied the alkaloid constituents and bioactivity of Sophora flavescens (Leguminosae). The constituents were isolated with silica gel column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC, Sephadex LH-20, and MPLC packed with MCI gel, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical characteristics and spectral data. Compounds 1 and 5-8 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480 cell lines. Ten alkaloids were obtained, and their structures were identified as 17 beta-hydroxysophoridine (1), matrine (2), sophocarpine (3), sophoridine (4), isomatrine (5), 7,11-dehydromatrine (6), mamanine (7), sophoranol (8), oxymatrine (9), and oxysophocarpine (10). Compound 1 is a new alkaloid, and compound 7 was isolated from the Sophora flavescens for the first time. None of the compounds were cytotoxic to five human cancer cell lines.

Genetic Data and Civil Rights

Well-settled legal doctrines prohibit employers from discriminating against job applicants on the basis of physical characteristics such as race, sex, age or disability. However, the full implications of genetic testing were inconceivable during the promulgation of those doctrines. Technological advancements and social trends in the interpretation of genetic testing create the need to further delineate the legal boundaries of the employer’s power to make hiring decisions on the basis of genetic information. Although the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) took effect in 2009, there continues to be a steady increase in the reported instances of genetic discrimination. This Article argues that GINA should be strengthened with the addition of a disparate impact cause of action. Currently, Section 208 of GINA explicitly prohibits disparate impact as a cause of action but that same section mandates the establishment of the Genetic Non-Discrimination Study Commission which is charged to start examining the developing science of genetics in 2014 and which will recommend to Congress whether to provide a disparate impact cause of action for GINA. This Article finds support for the addition of a disparate impact clause to GINA for the following reasons: 1) Ease of access to genetic testing and the insecurity of genetic information has increased the likelihood of genetic discrimination in employment; 2) The addition of a disparate impact clause is in line with the precedent set by prior employment discrimination laws; 3) The EEOC has declared that proof of deliberate acquisition of genetic discrimination is not necessary to establish a violation of GINA, likewise, proof of intent to discriminate should not be required to demonstrate that there has been genetic discrimination; 4) And finally, real world instances of genetic testing have shown that facially neutral testing may result in racial disparities.

A new flavonol C-glycoside and a rare bioactive lignanamide from Piper wallichii Miq. Hand.-Mazz

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical constituents of Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz. and evaluate their biological activity. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical characteristics and spectral data. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibitory activity of the compounds were evaluated. Five compounds were obtained and identified as 8-C-β-D-glucopyranosylkaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 1, 2-dihydro-6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxy-1-(3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N1, N2-bis-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2, 3-naphthalene dicarboxamide (2), goniothalactam (3), aristololactam A IIIa (4) and piperlonguminine (5). Compound 1 was a new flavonol C-glycoside, 2 was a rare lignanamide, which was isolated from the family Piperaceae for the first time, and compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, 2 showed potent DPPH-scavenging activity, with IC50 of 31.38 ± 0.97 μmol·L−1; Compounds 2, 3, and 4 showed AChE inhibitory activity at 100 μmol·L−1, with inhibition rates of 28.57% ± 1.47%, 18.48% ± 2.41% and 17.4% ± 3.03%, respectively.

A new 1, 10-secoguaianolide from the aerial parts of Artemisia anomala

AimTo study chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae). MethodsThe constituents were isolated with silica gel, ODS column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical characteristics and spectral data. ResultsEight compounds were obtained, and their structures were identified as 3β-ethoxytanapartholide (1), (4S*, 5S*)-dihydro-5-[(1R*, 2S*)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl]-3-methylene-4-(3-oxobutyl)- 2(3H)-furanone (2), ligucyperonol (3), cyperusol C (4), santamarin (5), 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 10a -pentahydroxyguaia-11(13)-ene-12, 6a-olide (6), balanophonin (7), methyl 3-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl) propanoate (8). ConclusionCompound 1 was a new artifact, 4 and 8 were isolated from the genus Artemisia for the first time, and compounds 2–3, 5–7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from the stems of Celastrus orbiculatus

AimTo investigate the chemical constituents from the stems of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. MethodsThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical characteristics and spectral data. ResultsEleven compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as 3β-hydroxy-2-oxoolean-12-ene-22, 29-lactone (1), 2, 6-dimethoxybenzoquinone (2), 3-oxoolean-12-en-28-oic acid (3), 3-oxo-24-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4), 23-hydroxybetulonic acid (5), vanillic acid (6), 23-hydroxy-3-oxoolean-12-en- 28-oic acid (7), syringic acid (8), oleanolic acid (9), β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11). ConclusionCompound 1 is a new triterpene; compounds 2-5 and 7 were isolated from this genus for the first time and compounds 8 and 9 were firstly isolated from this plant.

Sexual Dimorphism and Personality Attributions of Male Faces

Individuals tend to judge personality traits on the basis of physical characteristics, particularly facial traits, although this phenomenon has been mostly studied in relation to the halo effect of attractiveness. However, there are other facial traits which may also have an impact on personality attributions; here, we focused on masculinity. We carried out principal component analysis (PCA) of 15 anthropometric measurements from 71 male faces, resulting in three components: Face Height (C1), Inner Face Breadth (C2), and Cheekbones-Jaw Prominence (C3). The targets' photographs were rated by 210 women and 177 men on scales for masculinity, attractiveness, and nine psychological characteristics (selected Cattell's factors): Warmth, Reasoning, Emotional Stability, Dominance, Liveliness, Rule-Consciousness, Social Boldness, Abstractedness, and Privateness. We found that masculinity correlated positively with ratings of Dominance and Social Boldness and that masculinity rated by men correlated positively with ratings of Emotional Stability and Privateness. We found no relationship between masculinity rated by women and the PCA components, while masculinity rated by men correlated negatively with C2 (possibly related to babyface features) and positively with C3 (which included features developed under the control of testosterone, such as jaw prominence). Our results imply sex differences in masculinity ratings. In particular, men used Cheekbones-Jaw Prominence and Inner Face Breadth as cues for masculinity judgments; on the other hand, women apparently perceive masculinity in a more holistic way.

Chemical Constituents from the Stems of Ilex pubescens var. glabra

Aim To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Ilex pubescens var. glabra. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the petroleum ether and EtOAc fractions and purified by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical characteristics and spectral data. Results Ten compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as 3- O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-stigmasta-5, 25-diene ( 1), 5, 25-stigmastadien-3-ol ( 2), 3β-acetoxy-28-hydroxyurs-12-ene ( 3), oleanolic acid ( 4), β-sitosterol ( 5), betulinic acid ( 6), pomolic acid ( 7), syringic acid ( 8), β-daucosterol ( 9) and esculetin ( 10). Conclusion Compound 1 was isolated from this genus for the fist time and compounds 2–9 were firstly isolated from this plant.

Visual Grading Characteristics (VGC) Analysis of Diagnostic Image Quality for High Resolution 3 Tesla MRI Volumetry of the Olfactory Bulb

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for olfactory bulb volumetry, comparing image quality obtained using different sequences on the basis of physical characteristics in combination with observer performance. Twenty-two healthy volunteers (11 men, 11 women; mean age, 25 years) underwent 3-T MRI of the frontal skull base in this prospective study. Imaging was performed using a constructive interference in steady state (CISS) three-dimensional Fourier transformation sequence, a three-dimensional T2-weighted (3D-T2w) sequence, and a two-dimensional T2-weighted (2D-T2w) sequence. The relative performance of sequences was assessed using visual grading characteristic analysis. Interobserver agreement was assessed using κ statistics. For evaluation of physical image quality characteristics, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated and compared using Wilcoxon's test. SNR and CNR measurements were correlated with visual grading results. Visual grading characteristic analysis showed significantly better image quality ratings for the CISS sequence compared to the 3D-T2w and 2D-T2w sequence, and the 2D-T2w sequence performed significantly better compared to the 3D-T2w sequence (P < .001). Interobserver agreement was substantial (κ = 0.66-0.73). Wilcoxon's test revealed significantly higher SNR and CNR values for the 2D-T2w sequence compared to the 3D-T2w and CISS sequences, and SNR and CNR values for the 3D-T2w sequence were significantly higher compared to those for the CISS sequence (P < .001 for each). Significant correlation between SNR and CNR and visual grading was found for the 3D-T2w sequence (SNR: ρ = 0.510, P = .015; CNR: ρ = 0.546, P = .009). High-resolution 3-T MRI resulted in excellent values for SNR and CNR, suggesting the appropriateness of the sequences for olfactory bulb MRI volumetry. Visual grading characteristic analysis revealed the CISS sequence to be the most suitable for olfactory bulb volumetry.

Physico-chemical characteristics of defatted rice bran and its utilization in a bakery product

Defatted rice bran (DRB), a byproduct of rice milling is a rich source of dietary fiber and minerals. In the present study, the physico-chemical characteristics, antioxidant potential of defatted rice bran (Laboratory-LDRB and Commercial -CDRB) and its utilization in preparation of bread were studied. The effect of incorporation of CDRB at varying levels (5, 10 & 15%) on the quality characteristics of bread including physical, rheological and sensory attributes were evaluated and the dietary fiber content and antioxidant activity were determined. The results indicated that LDRB had better nutrient profile, physical and antioxidant properties than CDRB. On the basis of physical characteristics, breads with 5% and 10% CDRB were found to be acceptable as such and those containing 15% were acceptable with addition of bread improvers. The dietary fiber content and total antioxidative activity of bread increased with increasing levels of CDRB, which also improved the shelf life. The results reveal that DRB can be incorporated in breads upto 10% and 15% as such or with bread improvers respectively, as source of fiber and natural antioxidant, as a functional ingredient.

Isolation and Identification of Rubisco Extracted from Spinach Leaves

This paper evaluates a laboratory process for extracting, isolating, and identifying rubisco, an essential protein found in plant cells and an important catalyst during photosynthesis. Isolating rubisco from other proteins also found in plants requires a carefully planned series of laboratory procedures to separate the proteins on the basis of physical characteristics including solubility, electrical charge, and molecular size. In this study, ammonium sulfate precipitation was used to extract proteins from a sample of spinach leaves and to separate the proteins into two samples with different solubility characteristics. These samples were then subjected to ion exchange column chromatography using buffers with a range of salt concentrations to produce fractions with varying electrical charge characteristics. The resultant fractions were then analyzed via protein electrophoresis to determine the molecular weight of the isolated proteins, which were compared against the known molecular weight of rubisco. Finally, the experimental results were analyzed to determine which parameters for the ammonium sulfate saturation procedure and the ion exchange column chromatography procedure were most effective at isolating rubisco for future scientific study.

Modelling hydrological effects of wetland restoration: a differentiated view

The paper presents findings of a conjunctive hydrological and ecological study into habitat restoration and catchment hydrology. Physically-based, fully distributed hydrological modelling was coupled with spatial analysis and wetland scenario generation techniques to simulate potential effects of restoring lower, middle, and upper catchment wetlands. In the past, anthropogenic interference of this catchments' landscape for agriculture and settlement has left most wetland areas drained, and brought the natural functioning of the ecosystem into conflict with human needs. Many eco-hydrology studies conclude that such disturbances result in a more extreme hydrological regime. The study objectives were to develop and study innovative methods for habitat restoration, and understand the potential hydrological impacts of each approach. The study aims to analyze the scenarios and whether the hydrological response is influenced by the topological placement of the restoration sites. Land-use change scenarios are developed on the basis of physical characteristics and consider the credibility of transitions from current land-use. This study focused on the position of the wetlands in the catchment and hydrological typology. Wetland restoration scenarios are created for different geographical settings within the catchment. A distinction is made between groundwater dependent wetlands and wetlands that are influenced by in-stream water tables or surface water inundations. Results show that there is little effect on the total annual water budget. The results point to river valley rewetting as having the effect of decreasing the paved overland component of stream flow, and increasing the saturated zone flow component. It promoted groundwater recharge. There was no increase of peak flows due to headwater wetlands, contrary to some sources (Bullock & Acreman 2003). The catchments' actual evapotranspiration and root zone water responses were found to be varied over the analysis points, and were the consequence of a number of factors. As a second conclusion we point out the main knowledge gaps and demerits that could compromise the modelling exercise. Land-use classification for hydrological modelling is subject to important ambiguities. Different maps often have different class definitions and methods for classification. Many in-between land use/land cover types do not fit any particular class definition in map classification. Wetlands were often found to be classified as grassland, leaf forest, or open water. How do we deal with the diversity of wetland types and how to incorporate their specific hydrological behaviour in models? These issues will be thoroughly illustrated for the case of the Grote Nete and put in a larger perspective.

Documentation of a Gulf Sturgeon Spawning Site on the Yellow River, Alabama, USA

The Gulf Sturgeon Recovery Plan (USFWS, GSMFC and NMFS 1995) stressed the need to provide maximum protection to Gulf sturgeon spawning habitat. The approach employed by various Gulf sturgeon researchers, including ourselves, to document spawning has been to identify potential spawning habitat on the basis of physical characteristics and/or tracking data, collect eggs, and then raise the eggs in the laboratory until the point where the larval fish can be identified (e.g., Marchant and Shutters 1996, Sulak and Clugston 1998, 1999). However, collecting eggs in any appreciable number is usually difficult, and these eggs may not always be viable upon return to the laboratory. Molecular methods provide an alternative means of identifying the species represented by an egg. Notable examples related to sturgeon conservation include cases where molecular markers were used to verify the sources of commercially available caviar (DeSalle and Birstein 1996, Birstein et al. 1999).

Grading of Selected Barani Wheat Varieties on the Basis of Physical Characteristics

Grading of Selected Barani Wheat Varieties on the Basis of Physical Characteristics

Latent inhibition, visual pop-out and schizotypy: is disruption of latent inhibition due to enhanced stimulus salience?

The disruption of latent inhibition (i.e. conditioning rate to a preexposed (PE) stimulus elevated to the level of a non-preexposed (NPE) stimulus) within the schizophrenia continuum has often been attributed to increased attentional distractibility by irrelevant stimuli. It has not been established, however, whether such a putative distractibility is due to a tendency to treat any stimulus as salient on the basis of physical characteristics (enhanced stimulus salience). In order to test this possibility, extreme schizotypy scorers were selected from a larger sample of undergraduate students to take part in a two-experimental investigation. In Experiment 1, latent inhibition, as assessed in a visual search paradigm, was disrupted in high-schizotypy scorers, but was intact for low-schizotypy scorers replicating past findings. In Experiment 2, no evidence for an enhanced stimulus salience, as assessed in a visual pop-out task, was found for high-schizotypy scorers. Accuracy rate for both high- and low-schizotypy scorers followed the hierarchically differentiated pattern of the stimulus salience level, failing to support the hypothesis that high-schizotypy scorers tend to treat any stimulus as salient on the basis of physical characteristics. The obtained results suggest that the disruption of latent inhibition in high-schizotypy scorers is not associated with a tendency to experience any event (i.e. both PE and NPE stimuli) as perceptually salient.