Basic Nature Research Articles

Submodule approach to creative telescoping

This paper proposes ideas to speed up the process of creative telescoping, particularly when the telescoper is reducible. One can interpret telescoping as computing an annihilator L∈D for an element m in a D-module M. The main idea in this paper is to look for submodules of M. If N is a non-trivial submodule of M, constructing the minimal annihilator R of the image of m in M/N gives a right-factor of L in D. Then L=L′R where the left-factor L′ is the telescoper of R(m)∈N. To expedite computing L′, compute the action of D on a natural basis of N, then obtain L′ with a cyclic vector computation.The next main idea is to construct submodules from automorphisms, if we can find some. An automorphism with distinct eigenvalues can be used to decompose N as a direct sum N1⊕⋯⊕Nk. Then L′ is the LCLM (Least Common Left Multiple) of L1,…,Lk where Li is the telescoper of the projection of R(m) on Ni. An LCLM can greatly increase the degrees of coefficients, so L′ and L can be much larger expressions than the factors L1,…,Lk and R. Examples show that computing each factor Li and R separately can save a lot of CPU time compared to computing L in expanded form with standard creative telescoping.

COVID-19 pandemic – Cocktail of variants, a study from Northern India

ABSTRACT Context: The aim of the study was to identify and monitor the circulating strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the samples received at our center and update the existing national and international genomic surveillance data. Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is no exception to the basic nature of the viruses ability to change and evolve. Since its first report in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, multiple variants of the virus have emerged and been reported. Five variants of concern have been recognized and reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which are associated with variable degrees of transmissibility and mortality. Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs received in viral transport medium at the Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory were processed for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for selective positive samples using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology, using MinKNOW software for data acquisition. Statistical Analysis: The clades were assigned using Nextclade v2.4.1 software. The statistical analysis was calculated using OpenEpi version 3, an open-source calculator, and two by two. Results: Variants reported over the study period included Alpha, Kappa, Delta, and Omicron. Delta dominated in the year 2021, while Omicron was the dominant variant in 2022. In both the dominant variants, asymptomatics contributed to around 30–40% of positives. Intensive care unit admissions and mortality were higher in the Delta variant, while vaccination history and travel history were higher in the patients with Omicron variant. Conclusion: The trend tracking of these variants has been important in view of public health, enabling early interventions to control the spread of the disease and foresight in preparation for the situation.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ СУДНОВОДІЇВ В УМОВАХ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Relevance: Under current conditions, the problem of ship navigation gains particular relevance – the formation of ecological competence of ship operators in the context of sustainable development, the study of important aspects of the interaction of vessels and the surrounding environment, particularly their impact on water resources, water pollution, emissions of harmful substances, and other ecological aspects. Objective: To determine the role of ecological competence of ship operators in the context of sustainable development. Methods: Theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization of scientific works on the issue of ecological competence of future professionals in the field of ship navigation and official documents – to define the theoretical and methodological bases of the phenomenon; study and generalization of the existing problem status with the aim of choosing pedagogical tools – for the development of ecological competence of ship operators; comparison – to identify various approaches to solving the researched problem; modeling – to justify the structural elements of the model for the development of ecological competence of ship operators. Results: Key characteristics of ecological competence and its components have been identified; ecological competence of ship operators is considered as a complex integrative characteristic of the personality, reflecting motives of ecological activity, possession of ecological knowledge and natural science bases, practical skills and abilities regarding environmental protection; the necessity of forming ecological competence in ship operators during their professional training has been substantiated, as it directly affects the conservation of the marine water state, protecting them from pollution. It is noted that under current conditions, when sustainable development has become one of the priority directions of global policy, the ecological competence of ship operators is a key factor in ensuring safe navigation, and ecological education in the maritime sector is an important tool for forming this competence in ship operators. Conclusions: Education acts as a catalyst for the development of sustainable thinking and practices in the maritime sector, promoting ecological safety and sustainable development in this strategically important industry; as the maritime sector continues to develop, the results of the conducted research emphasize the important role of education in preparing future ship operators to navigate the ecological complexities of the global maritime industry and to contribute to sustainable development and effective communication.

The Fedathi Sequence methodology and the training of reflective teachers

The Fedathi Sequence has been presented as a methodology that provides a change in the educator's attitude, leading him to overcome his epistemological and didactic obstacles. In this context, this research aims to identify the contributions of the Fedathi Sequence methodology in the conception and development of the reflective teacher based on a training action. Methodologically, the investigation, of a basic and exploratory nature, has a qualitative approach and elements of empirical research through semi-structured interviews and a training action, with the subjects of this research being a sample of five teachers participating in this training. In our analyzes we found that the Fedathi Sequence contributes through the development of reflective action in promoting a change in teaching posture that is aimed at improving pedagogical praxis.

Unlocking the Potential of Assisted Hatching in Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Narrative Review.

The present study is set in the broad field of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and examines various procedures under assisted hatching (AH). It also reviews their effects on implantation success rates. The primary emphasis is on explaining who has benefited and how many have benefited from these interventions. The most important factor determining the success rate of ART is implantation. To increase these rates, we use AH in our clinics to enhance each embryo's chances at life and substantially improve overall results. This comprehensive review includes various approaches, such as chemical-based measures (such as applying Tyrode's solution) and mechanical techniques (such as zona drilling and partial zona dissection). The individual techniques are carefully scrutinized, considering their mechanical detailing, methods of applying therapeutic effects, and the appropriateness of matching present social circumstances. The review begins by analyzing the basic nature of AH as a medium for embryo implantation and then focuses on how this detailed view reveals the advantages and drawbacks of various methods. Moreover, the articles discuss improvements in AH technology and many of the most modern technological developments that can help fine-tune ART issues. A major problem with these methodologies is that they involve serious risks and legal complications. However, a broad assessment of these topics allows us to understand their impact on fertility treatments. This review is written as a guidebook for physicians and researchers working in reproductive medicine. It compiles all current knowledge, providing literature to build on successes that will make breakthroughs possible in ART. Indeed, this is a valuable reference for guiding us in navigating complex AH procedures. It advances ARTs step by step toward perfection.

Serrated polyposis syndrome: defining the epidemiology and predicting the risk of dysplasia.

Serrated polyposis syndrome is the most common polyposis syndrome that has neoplastic potential. However, the natural history, genetic basis, and risk of dysplasia and neoplasia of serrated polyposis syndrome are incompletely understood. The objective of this study is to define the epidemiology of serrated polyposis syndrome. Using this data, we aim to evaluate candidate variables for predicting the risk of dysplasia and neoplasia in sessile serrated lesions found in serrated polyposis syndrome patients. Finally, we aim to use this data to create and evaluate clinical prediction models for accuracy in predicting dysplastic sessile serrated lesions in serrated polyposis syndrome patients. This was a regional Australian single-centre retrospective cohort study. Data was prospectively collected data from the clinical record database of a regional Australian gastroenterology practice. All patients undergoing colonoscopy at Port Macquarie Gastroenterology between January 2015 and September 2021 were screened for this study. Collected data included patient demographic, endoscopic, and histopathological findings. Clinical and endoscopic multivariate logistic regression models were created to predict dysplastic sessile serrated lesions. Model performance was examined using the area under the receiver operating curve. In total 8401 patients underwent a colonoscopy procedure during the study period. Serrated polyposis syndrome was diagnosed in 247, representing a prevalence of 2.94% (mean age 67.15 years, 62.75% female). Logistic regression identified; older age at serrated polyposis syndrome diagnosis, a personal history of colorectal cancer, size of the largest sessile serrated lesions removed, and total sessile serrated lesions count as predictors of dysplastic sessile serrated lesions. The clinical and endoscopic model had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.75. Serrated polyposis syndrome is more common than previously described. The clinical and endoscopic variables identified in logistic regression have acceptable accuracy in predicting the risk of dysplasia, however other populations need to be studied to achieve generalisability and improve model performance.

Origin of urban form large siberian city irkutsk

The problem: the disclosure of the laws and features of the development of a large Siberian city will help to understand both its structure and the process of formation of a city-numerous form. The generation of the city involves the natural basis, the population in its pro-strange form, which is expressed in the growth of populated cells of the city. People satisfy the needs for housing, in places of employment, in social services, in a high-quality environment. The historical process of becoming an urban planning form is complex and contradictory. Currently, there is no formula that reveals the dependence of the urban planning form on the totality of development arguments: state policy, the interests of developers, the interests and needs of the population, contradictions that lie in the nature of the city’s investment. Purpose: to identify the prerequisites for explaining the urban planning form of Irkutsk by natural, historical, economic, socio-cultural and religious factors. Methods: identification of city-forming factors, historical process of seeds or primary cells of the planning structure, ways to increment this cell tissue along the axes of the planning framework, analysis of the evolution of the street network, forms of planning packaging of different areas of the city with different genetic codes. Results: the main regularities of origin of a town-planning form of the city of Irkutsk are revealed.

Scaling Implicit Bias Analysis across Transformer-Based Language Models through Embedding Association Test and Prompt Engineering

In the evolving field of machine learning, deploying fair and transparent models remains a formidable challenge. This study builds on earlier research, demonstrating that neural architectures exhibit inherent biases by analyzing a broad spectrum of transformer-based language models from base to x-large configurations. This article investigates movie reviews for genre-based bias, which leverages the Word Embedding Association Test (WEAT), revealing that scaling models up tends to mitigate bias, with larger models showing up to a 29% reduction in prejudice. Alternatively, this study also underscores the effectiveness of prompt-based learning, a facet of prompt engineering, as a practical approach to bias mitigation, as this technique reduces genre bias in reviews by more than 37% on average. This suggests that the refinement of development practices should include the strategic use of prompts in shaping model outputs, highlighting the crucial role of ethical AI integration to weave fairness seamlessly into the core functionality of transformer models. Despite the basic nature of the prompts employed in this research, this highlights the possibility of embracing structured prompt engineering to create AI systems that are ethical, equitable, and more responsible for their actions.

Advanced Query Functionalities in Natural Logic Knowledge Bases

Natural logics are formal logics characterized by expressions that bear a resemblance to simplified natural language sentences. The inherent readability of natural logics renders them suitable also for large knowledge bases. Within the realm of natural logics, the rules of logical proof are applicable directly to the sentences constructed using this framework. This direct application ensures explainability of query inferences. In the paper we describe a specific natural logic named NaturaLog, suited for ontology-structured knowledge bases. We outline how NaturaLog can be effectively implemented into a database system to facilitate deductive querying. The primary focus of this paper lies in exploring various query functionalities and elucidating methods to achieve these capabilities, also when dealing with large-scale knowledge bases.

From port-based teleportation to Frobenius reciprocity theorem: partially reduced irreducible representations and their applications

In this paper, we present the connection of two concepts as induced representation and partially reduced irreducible representations (PRIR) appear in the context of port-based teleportation protocols. Namely, for a given finite group G with arbitrary subgroup H, we consider a particular case of matrix irreducible representations, whose restriction to the subgroup H, as a matrix representation of H, is completely reduced to diagonal block form with an irreducible representation of H in the blocks. The basic properties of such representations are given. Then as an application of this concept, we show that the spectrum of the port-based teleportation operator acting on n systems is connected in a very simple way with the spectrum of the corresponding Jucys–Murphy operator for the symmetric group S(n-1)⊂S(n)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$S(n-1)\\subset S(n)$$\\end{document}. This shows on the technical level relation between teleporation and one of the basic objects from the point of view of the representation theory of the symmetric group. This shows a deep connection between the central object describing properties of deterministic PBT schemes and objects appearing naturally in the abstract representation theory of the symmetric group. In particular, we present a new expression for the eigenvalues of the Jucys–Murphy operators based on the irreducible characters of the symmetric group. As an additional but not trivial result, we give also purely matrix proof of the Frobenius reciprocity theorem for characters with explicit construction of the unitary matrix that realizes the reduction in the natural basis of induced representation to the reduced one.

Molecular mechanism underlying SNARE-mediated membrane fusion enlightened by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations

The SNAP receptor (SNARE) proteins syntaxin-1, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin mediate neurotransmitter release by forming tight SNARE complexes that fuse synaptic vesicles with the plasma membranes in microseconds. Membrane fusion is generally explained by the action of proteins on macroscopic membrane properties such as curvature, elastic modulus, and tension, and a widespread model envisions that the SNARE motifs, juxtamembrane linkers, and C-terminal transmembrane regions of synaptobrevin and syntaxin-1 form continuous helices that act mechanically as semirigid rods, squeezing the membranes together as they assemble ("zipper") from the N to the C termini. However, the mechanism underlying fast SNARE-induced membrane fusion remains unknown. We have used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate this mechanism. Our results need to be interpreted with caution because of the limited number and length of the simulations, but they suggest a model of membrane fusion that has a natural physicochemical basis, emphasizes local molecular events over general membrane properties, and explains extensive experimental data. In this model, the central event that initiates fast (microsecond scale) membrane fusion occurs when the SNARE helices zipper into the juxtamembrane linkers which, together with the adjacent transmembrane regions, promote encounters of acyl chains from both bilayers at the polar interface. The resulting hydrophobic nucleus rapidly expands into stalk-like structures that gradually progress to form a fusion pore, aided by the SNARE transmembrane regions and without clearly discernible intermediates. The propensity of polyunsaturated lipids to participate in encounters that initiate fusion suggests that these lipids may be important for the high speed of neurotransmitter release.

Enjoy the silence: Analysis of stochastic Petri nets with silent transitions

Capturing stochastic behaviour in business and work processes is essential to quantitatively understand how nondeterminism is resolved when taking decisions within the process. This is of special interest in process mining, where event data tracking the actual execution of the process are related to process models, and can then provide insights on frequencies and probabilities. Variants of stochastic Petri nets provide a natural formal basis to represent stochastic behaviour and support different data-driven and model-driven analysis tasks in this spectrum. However, when capturing business processes, such nets inherently need a labelling that maps between transitions and activities. In many state of the art process mining techniques, this labelling is not 1-on-1, leading to unlabelled transitions and activities represented by multiple transitions. At the same time, they have to be analysed in a finite-trace semantics, matching the fact that each process execution consists of finitely many steps. These two aspects impede the direct application of existing techniques for stochastic Petri nets, calling for a novel characterisation that incorporates labels and silent transitions in a finite-trace semantics. In this article, we provide such a characterisation starting from generalised stochastic Petri nets and obtaining the framework of labelled stochastic processes (LSPs). On top of this framework, we introduce different key analysis tasks on the traces of LSPs and their probabilities. We show that all such analysis tasks can be solved analytically, in particular reducing them to a single method that combines automata-based techniques to single out the behaviour of interest within an LSP, with techniques based on absorbing Markov chains to reason on their probabilities. Finally, we demonstrate the significance of how our approach in the context of stochastic conformance checking, illustrating practical feasibility through a proof-of-concept implementation and its application to different datasets.

What are Mental Disorders? Exploring the Role of Culture in the Harmful Dysfunction Approach.

A shared problem in psychology, psychiatry, and philosophy is how to define mental disorders. Various theories have been proposed, ranging from naturalism to social constructionism. In this article, I first briefly introduce the current landscape of such theories, before concentrating on one of the most influential approaches today: The harmful dysfunction theory developed by Jerome Wakefield. It claims that mental disorders are hybrid phenomena since they have a natural basis in dysfunctional mental mechanisms, but also a cultural component in the harm experienced by human beings. Although the theory is well thought through, I will raise a critical question: Is it possible to isolate mental mechanisms as naturally evolved from cultural factors? I will argue that it is not, but that the theory could still be helpful in an understanding of mental disorders, albeit on a new footing that does not operate with a natural and a cultural component as two separate factors. I argue that we need to develop a "naturecultural" approach to psychopathology that avoids mentalism, based on the fact that human beings are irreducibly persons.

If “Denial of Death” Is a Problem, Then “Reverence for Life” Is a Meaningful Answer: Ernest Becker's Significance for Applied Animal and Environmental Ethics

Abstract Ernest Becker analyzed human death anxiety and explained how it governs our ideologies and behaviors—something now confirmed by thousands of psychological experiments in terror management theory. This anxiety is managed through what he terms “hero systems,” cultural ideals we create to give us a sense of meaning. Most hero systems deny that we are, like all animals, creatures in a mortal body. This denial of our basic biological nature has caused humans to stand against their world, leading to an assault on the planet and nonhuman animals. Becker believed pacifism/nonviolence was the only hero system capable of keeping humans from destroying the earth and each other. But “reverence for life” transcends concern for humans alone and extends safeguards to all life, making it a vital solution to many of our modern problems.

TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS AND THEIR MODERN PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This article examines the important factors of intermolecular interactions to study the basic properties and physical nature of substances. Various optical methods have been used to study the nature and mechanism of intermolecular interactions. The properties of substances are revealed in detail, what molecules it consists of and how these molecules are located in relation to each other.

Understanding Sorption of Aqueous Electrolytes in Porous Carbon by NMR Spectroscopy.

Ion adsorption at solid-water interfaces is crucial for many electrochemical processes involving aqueous electrolytes including energy storage, electrochemical separations, and electrocatalysis. However, the impact of the hydronium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions on the ion adsorption and surface charge distributions remains poorly understood. Many fundamental studies of supercapacitors focus on non-aqueous electrolytes to avoid addressing the role of functional groups and electrolyte pH in altering ion uptake. Achieving microscopic level characterization of interfacial mixed ion adsorption is particularly challenging due to the complex ion dynamics, disordered structures, and hierarchical porosity of the carbon electrodes. This work addresses these challenges starting with pH measurements to quantify the adsorbed H3O+ concentrations, which reveal the basic nature of the activated carbon YP-50F commonly used in supercapacitors. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is used to study the uptake of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) aqueous electrolyte in the YP-50F carbon across the full pH range. The NMR data analysis highlights the importance of including the fast ion-exchange processes for accurate quantification of the adsorbed ions. Under acidic conditions, more TFSI- ions are adsorbed in the carbon pores than Li+ ions, with charge compensation also occurring via H3O+ adsorption. Under neutral and basic conditions, when the carbon's surface charge is close to zero, the Li+ and TFSI- ions exhibit similar but lower affinities toward the carbon pores. Our experimental approach and evidence of H3O+ uptake in pores provide a methodology to relate the local structure to the function and performance in a wide range of materials for energy applications and beyond.

The tale and the enchantment: approach to the popular tale in the textbook from the perspective of BNCC and Literary Literacy

This article aims to present the traditional oral folktale and how this literary genre is approached in textbooks. It is the result of a research of a basic nature that aims to explain in a quantitative and qualitative way the approach to the folktale in these manuals. The research was carried out through a bibliographic survey on popular tale, such as studies by Propp (2010), Jolles (1976), Dundes (1996), Cascudo (2004), Romero (2008), Lima (2005) among others. The teaching of literature was also discussed from the perspective of how the BNCC (BRASIL, 2018) addresses the importance of the folktale in the classroom, specific guidelines for this modality of Popular Literature are presented, since the oral story enriches the our cultural identity. As a theoretical framework, we used studies by Cosson (2021) and Coenga (2010) on literary literacy to analyze the sampling of selected textbooks. The analysis of 51 manuals showed that the approach to folk tales in these books does not satisfactorily promote literary literacy, therefore, it is necessary for this genre to be approached in a more efficient way, considering the aesthetic aspects of folk tales.

Периодизация формирования города Новокузнецка на основе ландшафтного подхода

В статье рассмотрены природные условия территории, в пределах которой формировался будущий город Новокузнецк. Отмечено, что природная основа предопределила характер строительства, отражающий специфику ландшафта. Строительство города началось с заложения на высоком правом берегу Кузнецкого острога и дальнейшего его расширения на правобережье, представленное широкой пойменной зоной. Авторы представили результаты ретроспективного анализа последовательности строительства города, который позволил выделить этапы и периоды формирования архитектурно-планировочной структуры Новокузнецка с учетом ландшафтной основы. Первым определен догородской этап с периодами археологическим и освоения Сибири. Основными особенностями этого этапа являются освоение древними городищами обособленных ландшафтов вдоль речных артерий и строительство острожно-крепостных фортпостов и притрактовых сел. Следующим определен городской этап с периодами формирования исторического ядра, освоения ближнего заречья, освоения дальнего заречья, освоения междуречья, освоения территории от ядра агломерации вдоль урбанизированного каркаса. Основными особенностями данного этапа установлены заложение будущего Казачьего форштадта, оформление его и освоение правобережной зоны будущего города, строительство Верхней и Нижней колонии, «Садгорода» и «Соцгорода», формирование городской агломерации и окружающего его лесопаркового зеленого пояса. Показана ретроспектива городских исторических планов выделенных этапов и периодов строительства с представленными селитебными и природными ландшафтами. Дана современная характеристика шести административных образований Новокузнецкого городского округа с учетом ландшафтной специфики их территорий.

Comparative genomic studies on the TGF-β superfamily in blue whale.

TGF-β supergene family has a wide range of physiological functions including cell adhesion, motility, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. We systematically analyzed and characterized the TGF-β gene superfamily from the whole blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) genome, using comparative genomic and evolutionary analysis. We identified 30 TGF-β genes and were split into two subgroups, BMP-like and TGF-like. All TGF-β proteins demonstrating a basic nature, with the exception of BMP1, BMP2, BMP10, GDF2, MSTN, and NODAL modulator, had acidic characteristics. All the blue whale (B. musculus) TGF-β proteins, excluding BMP1, are thermostable based on aliphatic index. The instability index showed all proteins except the NODAL modulator was unstable. TGF-β proteins showed a hydrophilic character, with the exception of GDF1 and INHBC. Moreover, all the detected TGF-β genes showed evolutionary conserved nature. A segmental duplication was indicated by TGF-β gene family, and the Ka/Ks ratio showed that the duplicated gene pairs were subjected to selection pressure, indicating both purifying and positive selection pressure. Two possible recombination breakpoints were also predicted. This study provides insights into the genetic characterization and evolutionary aspects of the TGF-β superfamily in blue whales (B. musculus).

From proton transfer to ionic liquids: How isolated domains of ion pairs grow to form extended network in diphenyl phosphate-bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine mixtures

HypothesisDiphenyl phosphate (DPP)/bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine (BEEA) liquid mixtures are expected to show peculiar self-assembly behavior due to their, respectively, acidic and basic nature which can trigger acid-base reaction. ExperimentThe properties of DPP/BEEA mixtures of different compositions are explored by a combined theoretical (Ab initio calculations) and experimental (rheology, X-ray and light scattering) approach. Findings(i) a proton transfer from DPP to BEEA takes place with formation of cationic and anionic species in liquid phase (ion pair formation); (ii) due to the strong and long-range electrostatic interactions, each of the two charged species is preferentially surrounded by the other one, in a picture resembling the structure of ionic materials; (iii) this gives rise to a striking viscosity increase takes place as DPP concentration increases; (iv) the composition dependencies of all measured parameters show clear deviations around DPP molar fraction of 0.2, indicating unequivocally the formation of isolated domains, formed by DPP-BEEA pairs which coalescence/percolate into a unique, extended, network at higher DPP concentrations.