Basis Of Multiple Traits Research Articles

Genotype by Trait Biplot Studies on Yield, Physiological and Nutritional Traits in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.

A field experiment was conducted at Dry land farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati in Kharif 2018 to study the effect of Plant Growth Regulators and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of sorghum. The objective of the study was to assess the visual comparison among genotypes on the basis of multiple traits and also to graphically describe the interrelationships among all measured traits on the basis of overall pattern of the data for the 42 genotypes of pearl millet that were evaluated for 22 physiological, nutritional, and yield related traits in a randomized complete block design, using GT biplot analysis through which, the principal components PC1 and PC2 explained 45.63% of the total variation based on all the traits and the genotypes. The GT biplot analysis is a powerful statistical tool for studying relationship among traits, evaluating cultivars based on multiple traits and for identifying those that are superior in certain traits. Few yield related traits, SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), harvest index, Leaf Area Index (LAI), Leaf Area Duration (LAD) and protein content had a positive relationship with yield which were recognized as crucial traits for boosting grain yield and nutritional quality. The genotypes ATP-15, ATP-13, ATP-10, ATP-16, ATP-5, ATP-7, ATP-11, ATP-18, ATP-14 and ATP-12 showed superior performance for grain yield as well as other yield contributing traits. Whereas, the genotypes ICHiFe-18, ICHiFe-12, ATP-3, ICHiFe-21, ATP-2, ICHiFe-20, ATP-4, ATP-8, ATP-15, ICHiFe-14, ICHiFe-4, ICHiFe-2 and ICHiFe-5 showed superior performance for nutritional traits. By considering all the studied traits, the genotype ATP-15 was selected as the ideal and most desirable cultivar.

Systematic trait based identification and characterization of Indian wheat varieties released during different time scales

Aim: Wheat varieties have been developed for yield improvement by modern plant breeding methods from the basic pedigree for long which brought about a restricted hereditary base. Therefore, the present study was designed to develop identification keys and characterize different wheat varieties on the basis of multiple traits. Methodology: Thirty-four Indian wheat (Triticum spp.) varieties released during different time scales were assessed for diversity through various approaches based on morphological, seed vigour, biochemical and molecular characterization.? Results: The results revealed that a considerable amount of variation was present in phenotypic characters such as flag leaf, plant height, spike and yield related characters. Seed vigour parameters included test weight, seedling dry weight, seedling length, accelerated ageing test and vigour indices showed significant variability among varieties. Dehydrogenase activity, tetrazolium test and electrical conductivity of seed leachates were also found worth studying for diversity. Molecular characterization included twenty-one SSRs selected after screening of 45, amplified 46 alleles, among them 42 alleles were polymorphic. PIC value varied from 0.1 to 0.65 and similarity coefficient extended from 0.34 to 0.87. Interpretation: Genetic diversity pattern analysis of genotypes based on their geographical origin did not show any clear relation, however characters like plant height, seed boldness and seedling vigour indices of varieties showed a trend with a chronology of their release. Different perspectives used in the study successfully categorized wheat genotypes into various groups.

Evaluation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) single cross hybrids under heat stress condition

ABSTRACTSunflower is an important oilseed crop, which shows susceptibility to heat stress. In this study, 63 single cross hybrids were evaluated under heat stress condition for 2 years and compared with the two commercial hybrids. Genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) was used to differentiate single cross hybrids on the basis of multiple traits. GGE biplot showed that several single cross hybrids had higher seed yield potential than standard check. Moreover, seed yield per plant (SYP) was related to pollen viability percentage, showing that achene yield was the product of high gametophytic fertility under heat stress. Hybrids having high seed yield potential under heat stress had lower cell membrane injury. GGE biplot for SYP and its components showed that single cross hybrids were characterized into two major groups. Group I was further characterized into two sub group. Group Ia included hybrids with high 100-SW, while group Ib had the hybrids with high number of seeds per head and head diameter. Group II had the hybrids with high kernel weight and kernel to seed ratio. The hybrids could be recommended according to their potential utilization in the seed industry.

Graphic Analysis of Trait Relations and Genotype Evaluation in Durum Wheat

Trait profiles of genotypes and trait relations are frequently influenced by unpredictable conditions in the Mediterranean rainfed regions. Thus, genotype selection should be based on multiple traits in variable environments within the target region. This study was conducted to (i) examine the performance of 13 durum (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) genotypes (11 breeding lines and two checks) and one bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype on the basis of multiple traits, including grain yield and (ii) determine the effects of different growing environments on trait relations and broad-sense heritability (h2 BS) of various traits. The genotype-by-trait (GT) biplot analysis was applied to data from the 14 genotypes grown under drought and irrigated conditions for two years. Combined ANOVA showed that the main effects relative to year, location, genotype and their interactions were significant for most of the studied traits. Year-wise and combined GT-biplots indicated that the relationships among the studied traits were not consistent across environments, but they facilitated visual genotype comparisons and selection in each environment. Grain yield, in contrast to other traits, consistently showed wide variation across environments. The genotypes with high grain yield appeared to have high biomass, high harvest index, low grain weight and intermediate time to flowering and maturity. The genotypes with higher grain weight flowered and matured earlier. The estimates of h2 BS from single- and multi-environment trials varied from one environment to another and from trait to trait. The GT biplot was a useful tool for exploring multiple trait data, trait profiles of the genotypes and can help in determination of contrasting genotypes based on the trait(s) for improving genetic materials in durum wheat breeding program.

Study of Boron Effect on six peanut cultivars using GGE biplot

Superior cultivars have to be identified through multienvironment trials (MET) and chemicals factors in different levels on basis of multiple traits. The study revealed effect of different levels of boron, the chemicals factor, on six peanut cultivars using GGE biplot and GT biplot. GGE biplot analysis of peanut yield explaned 99% and 99.6% of over all variance, for each season, respectively B300 was the highest one. G4 was more variant than others with increase of levels. While G1 , G2 and G3 had slowly variance meant that were more stable.GT biplot illustrated 86.1% and 85.3% of over all variance, for each season, respectively. It graphically displayed the interrelationships among (Y1 and Y6) and ( Y3 , and Y7) and among other traits facilitated visual cultivar comparison and selection for certain environments and chemical growth factors.

Screening of superior chickpea genotypes for various environments of Iran using genotype plus genotype environment (GGE) biplot analysis

Superior crop cultivars must be identified through multi-environment trials (MET) and on the basis of multiple traits. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of genotype (G) and genotype × environment interaction (GE) on grain yield of 17 chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) in six different research stations of Iran. GGE (G plus GE) biplot methodology was used to evaluate phenotypic stability in genotypes. A site regression (SREG) analysis to assess G × E interactions and to identify stable genotypes of chickpea was undertaken. These genotypes were developed by various breeders at different research institutes/stations of Iran and International Center for Agricultural Research in DrayAreas (ICARDA). Results indicated that the first two principal components explained 95% of the total GGE variation, with PC1 and PC2 explaining 73 and 22%, respectively. Genotypes Flip 93-93, Flip 94-123C and S 96002 had the highest mean yield and genotype Bivanij had the poorest mean yield. Thus the performance of genotype ILC 6142 was highly variable, whereas genotypes S 96003, Flip 93-48C and S 96027 were highly stable. Collective analysis of the biplots suggests four chickpea mega-environments in Iran. The first mega-environment contained locations Kermanshah, Gorgan and Ghachsaran, with genotype Flip 93-93 being the winner. Genotype Flip 85-57 × 12-071-1005 gave the highest performance in location Ilam and genotypes S 96032 and Bivanij gave the highest performance in locations Urmia. The Lorestan made up the other mega-environment with ILC 6142 as the winner. Key words: Cicer arietinum L., genotype × environment interaction, site regression analysis, GGEBiplot.

Multienvironment Analysis of Traits Relation and Hybrids Comparison of Maize Based on the Genotype by Trait Biplot

Problem Statement: The Genotype by Trait (GT) biplot can be used to compare cultivars on the basis of multiple traits and to identify cultivars that are particularly good in certain traits and therefore can be candidates for parents in plant breeding program. Approach: The objective of this study was to evaluate the maize hybrids based on Genotype by Traits (GT) biplot to examine its usefulness in visualizing maize trait relationship and its application in hybrids comparison. Results: Correlation coefficient between phenological-agronomic traits showed that there is a strong positive relationship between all of the measured traits, except Anthesis-Silking Interval (ASI). This pattern approximately repeated during three years. Also, correlation coefficient between grain yield components reveals a positive or negative relation between measured traits. These results reflect the complexity of the correlation among the grain yield components. The genotype by trait comparison indicated that KSC 700 had greater value for rows number per ear and kernel depth whereas OSSK 602 and ZP 684 had greater value for thousand kernel weight and grain number per row. Conclusion: Results indicate that the pattern of the polygon view traits varied across three years. Consequently, GT biplot describes the interrelationships among traits and it was used to identifying hybrids that are good for some particular traits.

Biplot Analysis of Test Sites and Trait Relations of Soybean in Ontario

Superior crop cultivars must be identified through multi-environment trials (MET) and on the basis of multiple traits. The objectives of this paper were to describe two types of biplots, the GGE biplot and the GT biplot, which graphically display genotype by environment data and genotype by trait data, respectively, and hence facilitate cultivar evaluation on the basis of MET data and multiple traits. Genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction effect (GGE) biplot analysis of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield data for the 2800 crop heat unit area of Ontario for MET in the period 1994-1999 revealed yearly crossover genotype by site interactions. The eastern Ontario site Winchester showed a different genotype response pattern from the three southwestern Ontario sites in four of the six years. The interactions were not large enough to divide the area into different mega-environments as when analyzed over years, a single cultivar yielded the best in all four sites. The southwestern site, St. Pauls, was found to always group together with at least one of the other three sites; it did not provide unique information on genotype performance. Therefore, in future cultivar evaluations, Winchester should always be used but St. Pauls can be dismissed. Applying GT biplot to the 1994-1999 multiple trait data illustrated that GT biplots graphically displayed the interrelationships among seed yield, oil content, protein content, plant height, and days to maturity, among other traits, and facilitated visual cultivar comparisons and selection. It was found that selection for seed yield alone was not only the simplest, but also the most effective strategy in the early stages of soybean breeding.

Biplot Analysis of Test Sites and Trait Relations of Soybean in Ontario

Superior crop cultivars must be identified through multi-environment trials (MET) and on the basis of multiple traits. The objectives of this paper were to describe two types of biplots, the GGE biplot and the GT biplot, which graphically display genotype by environment data and genotype by trait data, respectively, and hence facilitate cultivar evaluation on the basis of MET data and multiple traits. Genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction effect (GGE) biplot analysis of the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield data for the 2800 crop heat unit area of Ontario for MET in the period 1994–1999 revealed yearly crossover genotype by site interactions. The eastern Ontario site Winchester showed a different genotype response pattern from the three southwestern Ontario sites in four of the six years. The interactions were not large enough to divide the area into different mega-environments as when analyzed over years, a single cultivar yielded the best in all four sites. The southwestern site, St. Pauls, was found to always group together with at least one of the other three sites; it did not provide unique information on genotype performance. Therefore, in future cultivar evaluations, Winchester should always be used but St. Pauls can be dismissed. Applying GT biplot to the 1994–1999 multiple trait data illustrated that GT biplots graphically displayed the interrelationships among seed yield, oil content, protein content, plant height, and days to maturity, among other traits, and facilitated visual cultivar comparisons and selection. It was found that selection for seed yield alone was not only the simplest, but also the most effective strategy in the early stages of soybean breeding.