Methodological Basis Research Articles

Sonatas of K. Shymanovskyi in Imitation of Biedermeier's Characteristics of Sonats of F. Chopin

The purpose of the work is to reveal the continuity of features of F. Chopin's Biedermeier Sonatas in the compositions of the same genre by K. Shymanovskyi, who in the first half of the 20th century became the same focus of the style of national music as it was a century earlier with regard to the works of F. Chopin. At the same time, the Polish national meaning of F. Chopin's music was formed against the background of the importance of kinship with Rococo in the music of the salon "noble Biedermeier" of the Restoration era, while the flowering of K. Shymanovskyi took place in Ukraine and Odesa based on the achievements of aristocratic and artistic salon art. The salon base brought together the work of Polish and Ukrainian-Polish composers, especially since "Chopinism" became a stable feature of Ukrainian piano creativity in contact with the traditions of the Polish-Ukrainian salon of the 19th century. The methodological basis of the study is the intonation approach in accepting the genetic unity of musical and speech principles in the concepts of B. Asafiev and B. Yavorskyi, as we have in the works of D. Androsova, O. Markova, I. Podobas, L. Stepanova, L. Shevchenko, with emphasis on the hermeneutic perspective of this approach. Moreover, highlighted are the biographical-descriptive methods, with an emphasis on its intellectual-biographical aspect (see generalisation in the work of V. Shulhina and O. Yakovlev), analytical-structural methods with a focus on the musicological specificity of the presentation of compositions, cross-species stylistic comparative. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the independent direction of the Biedermeierian imitation, firstly, in the "large" forms, initiated by Chopin, and, secondly, on the specifics of the Biedermeierian "trace" in the modernist palette of symbolism, noted as a whole as the continuity of the salon setting in the culture of the first half of the 19th century on the verge of the 19th and 20th centuries. Conclusions. K. Shymanovskyi's awareness of the succession from Chopin, despite his concern for the modernisation of national thinking, stimulated the features of genre continuity from the Polish genius for the sake of presenting modernised findings in the same field. The eclecticism of citation in the Biedermeier method, most openly presented in the First Sonata by F. Chopin, has analogies in the emphasised reliance on M. Reger in the First Sonata by K. Shymanovskyi, a certain kinship of the methods of expression of Chopin's Second and Third Sonatas has analogies in the stylistic proximity of the Second and Third Sonatas Shymanovskyi, in which expressive "Scriabinisms" are emphasised, indicative of the Ukrainian stylistic palette of the 1910s – 1920s. At the same time, Biedermeier's salon manner of playing Chopin himself "facilitated" the feeling of stylistic quotations from L. Beethoven and J. S. Bach, while the performance of Shymanovskyi's Sonatas on "tight" instruments contributed to the "easiness" of textural embodiment, compared to the quasi-Listian sonata Scriabin's exposition.

Methodological and Practical Basis for the Formation of a Matrix of Attractiveness of Tourist Sites and Its Role in the Process of Implementing Educational Tourism in the Education System of Higher Education Students

The article develops a methodological and practical basis for assessing the attractiveness of regional tourist sites from the point of view of educational tourism. An assessment methodology was created, including groups of criteria and sub-criteria (6 and 53, respectively), selected based on expert evaluation; a matrix was formed, allowing us to calculate integral indicators step by step, which was tested on the example of 50 objects of five regions of Kazakhstan (Central, Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern). In addition, the article implements hierarchical cluster analysis on three blocks of parameters: the first—indicators characterizing the level of education development in the context of 17 regions and 3 cities of republican significance; the second—indicators reflecting the cultural development of the country’s regions; the third—parameters showing the level of development of tourism activities in the regions of Kazakhstan, which allowed us to obtain three clusters that can be used to develop recommendations for the development of education in the regions of Kazakhstan. As a conceptual complementary component of the system of implementation of educational tourism, an audio guide “Tourist sites of Karaganda” was developed and uploaded on the izi.Travel platform.

The optimal way to use geoinformation systems with graphical elements of symbols of veterinary significant objects in vector format

A significant problem in the field of standardization in the monitoring of infectious animal diseases is the lack of a system of conventional symbols of veterinary significant objects used in geoinformation technologies, in particular in digital and electronic cartography. The object of the study is the conventional signs of veterinary significant objects, which in the context of display on digital maps can be defined as "non–scalable", marked with corresponding pictograms. A systematic approach has been applied as a methodological basis for the epizootological research method. The basic graphic format of the proposed SVG symbols is used – (Scalable Vector Graphics), which is a modern generally accepted vector format. This article presents the results of cartographic display of pictograms of one of the three sets of symbols for the database – veterinary facilities for various purposes – for which the method of selecting basic signs is used. An algorithm for fixing elements of symbols of veterinary significant objects in the vector format of the SVG geoinformation system with maximum use of free software and secure information technologies is presented. Images in SVG format can be directly represented in current GIS and converted to almost any vector and raster formats without loss of image quality. The algorithm for developing a system of symbols for veterinary significant objects will be used in the Draft of the preliminary national standard in the future.

Unilateral acts of states in the international legal system

The article examines unilateral acts of states in the international legal system based on a complex systemic analysis. The methodological basis was the dialectical method, which made it possible to understand the essence of international legal obligations of states in inseparable unity and general connection. The relevance of the study is determined by the trends inherent in modern international law. First, with the development of information technologies, and especially with the development of forms of information transmission, the sphere of activity of states is transformed. An increasing number of interested persons knows their positions on a wide range of international legal issues. On the one hand, it simplifies the process of identifying the state’s position when its analysis is necessary for international legal qualification. On the other hand, in such a situation, the possibilities for interpreting the behavior of a specific state from the point of view of its agreement or disagreement with a certain legal situation expand. In the practice of international relations, there is an expansion of the system of sources of international law. The study of these sources is necessary for understanding the foundations of international law, solving specific international problems and increasing the effectiveness of international cooperation. As the practice of international jurisdictional bodies accumulated, the subject of study of which was unilateral acts of states, the research emphasis shifted from establishing the essence of unilateral acts to assessing their relationship with the sources of international law. It is noted that unilateral acts play an important independent role in the modern international system, which is characterized by both fragmentation and growing globalization. Modern means of communication have made it possible to make unilateral acts one of the most frequently used tools of state interaction. The appropriateness and necessity of the development of the legal regime of unilateral acts is emphasized and substantiated. Unilateral acts of states are recognized as independent additional sources of international law capable of generating international legal norms, and they can be found in the «sources» section of many leading international legal documents.

Image of a person as a object of scientific and legal cognition

In the article, the author focuses on the relevance of the study of the image of a person as a special object of scientific and legal cognition, which requires a conceptual analysis through the prism of scientific views and approaches. It noted that in connection with the constant changes in the social and legal situation, the information space, and the development of digitization, the issues of determining the place of a person in the relevant processes, of fundamental human rights, as well as the appropriate level of adaptation of legislation to new realities are becoming more and more relevant. Understanding and studying of various concepts, scientific views regarding this issue will make it possible to clarify the peculiarities of the image of a person as an object of scientific and legal cognition. It is substantiated that in cognitive terms it is important to conduct an analysis of the studied phenomenon through the prism of scientific views and concepts, which will allow to generalize its characteristics andimprove the definition. This vector of scientific cognition will allow, first of all, to strengthen the methodological basis for further research of the human image, to define clear boundaries of the subject of scientific cognition, and to establish its cognitive patterns. The article analyzes the image of a person as a special phenomenon identifies, doctrinal approaches to its understanding. The author concluded that the legal aspects of the image of a person as a scientific research problem are research in legal science in a rather fragmentary manner, have a pluralistic nature of doctrinal understanding, require strengthening of scientific legal research, especially in of the general conceptualization of such scientific cognition, have an objectively determined cognitive nature, characterize by deep systemic and structural.

Development and activation of the innovative potential of the Russian economy: regional features, structural priorities, levels of implementation

Relevance. The idea of developing and implementing innovative solutions in various spheres of society implies the existence of ways to find such solutions, their active use and improvement. For this reason, the essence of innovative thinking on the scale of both a single enterprise and the state as a whole requires appropriate provision.The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the chronological cross-section of the level of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the context of multiple global economic and political crises and the internal activation of strategic innovative trends in the formats of lawmaking and modernization.Objectives. To achieve this goal, within the framework of this study, the current legislative situation regarding the state's innovation policy and its projected consequences were considered; the factors of growth in the level of innovative development of the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of statistical dominants were studied; the complex results of regional innovation activity and the all-Russian state of the innovative sphere of development, production, export and import of goods and services were analyzed.Methodology. The methodological basis of this study is the method of chronological extrapolation analysis of trends with constant adjustment in conditions of the selective nature of the analytical data bank; in addition, a theoretical generalization of the indexed result and a priori trend forecasting within the observation period are used.Results. The general principles of the innovation segment development are the same for the whole state, but their applicability in different regions depends on the degree of their convergence with border territorial entities — the basis of the innovation development strategy is the assessment of regional potential in the sum of all indicators. Nevertheless, there is always the possibility of finding a thematic statistical trend.Conclusions. It is fundamentally important for the innovative development of the state to take into account the specifics of each individual region. With all the variety of means and methods of innovative development at all levels of management, priority is given to only a few. In this case, rating systems are an auxiliary element of management structures.

A new look at models of pre-trial investigation based on information technology support

Abstract. In the article, based on the current legislation, new views on models of pre-trial investigation are considered. The article contains theoretical proposals for optimization and rationalization of pre-trial investigation as the main stage of pre-trial investigation in the criminal process of Ukraine based on the changes taking place in the conditions of digital transformation of society. Methodological bases of modeling of pre-trial investigation in criminal cases include the following criteria (elements) of individualization of the model: goals and tasks of pre-trial investigation; his place in the organization of criminal justice; the initial moment of investigation in a criminal case; structural construction of pre-trial investigation; organizational and legal status of bodies and officials who carry out this activity. It is noted that the crisis phenomena in the modern pre-trial investigation in criminal cases are caused by circumstances that, in turn, determine the need for reform: the construction of the pre-trial investigation is not fully correlated with the historical development and the convergence trends of accusatory and adversarial types of criminal proceedings; there is no unified approach of the state and the scientific community to determine the optimal structure of pre-trial investigation in criminal cases, which corresponds not only to the possibility of resisting the modern criminalization of society, but also stimulates further self-improvement; organizational and procedural contradictions between its forms are observed in the pre-trial investigation; confusion of the functions of criminal prosecution, detection and investigation of crimes, resolution of a criminal case and judicial control; competition of investigative and adversarial grounds at this stage of investigation in a criminal case. The pre-trial investigation with its tasks of establishing the circumstances of the committed crime, the written registration of all the evidence collected because of investigative actions, forms the investigative model of the criminal process. The content of the investigative model is related to the fact that the modern pre-trial investigation is based on written document circulation. The investigator plays the leading role.

UK Labour Party Leaders' Attitudes to Conventional Threats to National Security, 2023-2024

Introduction. The article focuses on the securitisation of power threats in the public speeches of the UK Labour Party leaders (Prime Minister Keir Starmer, Defence Minister John Healey and Foreign Secretary David Lammy) during the 2023-2024 election campaign. An attempt has been made to highlight the commonalities and peculiarities in the approach of the current and previous British governments to countering the main threats to national security. Materials and methods. The paper combines qualitative and quantitative approaches: a critical content analysis of sources and discourse analysis in an electoral context (using data from sociological surveys) are conducted, while the frequency of word usage in the public speeches of the Minister of Foreign Affairs is analysed using the tools of quantitative analysis of big data (R programming language). The methodological basis of the work is the theory of securitisation proposed by the Copenhagen School of the theory of international relations.Research results. It is concluded that the main change in London's foreign policy after Labour's victory in the 2024 parliamentary elections will be the prioritisation of security cooperation with European states. Labour Party leaders do not question the need for ‘dual containment’ of Russia and China, but they give the ‘China threat’ secondary importance: there are noticeable differences within the party on this issue. On the other hand, Labour's position on the ‘special relationship’ with the United States is characterised by a steady continuity with the Conservative government's approach. The need to deepen cooperation in Euro-Atlantic security structures (primarily NATO) and continental formats (EI2, JEF) is stated.Discussion and conclusion. On the basis of qualitative examination of policy documents and statements of the Labour Party leaders, as well as quantitative analysis of big data, conclusions are drawn about the key elements of potential continuity and variability in the foreign policy of London before and after the parliamentary elections on July 4, 2024. The results of the work can be useful in forecasting changes in the foreign policy of Great Britain after the victory of Labour in the parliamentary elections of 2024. The theoretical importance of the work lies in the fact that the article proposes a new methodology for quantitative analysis of the foreign policy of the UK.

Creative self-realization of the individual in the educational environment of the university

Relevance. In the modern world, youth are responsible for many areas of society, including the development of culture and the search for innovative ways of functioning of society. Creative activity is not only a form of self-expression and fulfillment of personal needs, but also becomes an important factor in the development of the economy and society as a whole. Stimulating creative activity is quite relevant in modern society, since creative activity itself is a key component of the development of innovation and progress in various fields.The purpose is theoretically substantiate and empirically determine the role of creativity in the process of personal self-realization in the educational environment of the university.Objectives: characterize theoretical approaches to the study of personal self-realization in creative activity; reveal the main tools and methods of stimulating the creative activity of the individual in the educational environment of the university; present traditional and innovative practices of creative self-realization of the individual.Methodology: the theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical approaches that reveal the essence of creativity and its functional load.Results. The educational environment of the university is recognized as a significant factor that stimulates the process of acquiring new knowledge and increasing the level of creative self-realization of students. Most students are aware of the importance of creative self-realization in the process of studying at a university, but are not always satisfied with the level of its implementation.Conclusions. The comprehensive nature of the activities implemented at the university aimed at developing the creative potential of the individual ensures its effective self-realization. The creative environment created in classes and in extracurricular activities serves as a certain impetus for the development of students’ creative abilities, the transformation of their outlook on life, and helps in realizing and discovering personal potential for professional growth and self-development.

Development of the global competitiveness of Russian regions: the concept and configuration of the "smart" complementarity

Purpose: is to work out the scientifically sound theoretical and methodical framework for the «smart» complementarity of trade flows, aimed at selecting and substantiating potential commodity niches in trade of Russian regions with foreign countries.Methods: the general methodological basis of the study is the critical analysis of the scientific literature that forms the theoretical and methodological basis for the global competitiveness of individual regions of a country presented in the theories of regional and spatial economy. The study has been carried out by methods of system, structural-logical and abstract-logical analysis.Results: the research resulted in some fundamental scientific novelties such as: the scientifically grounded theoretical concept of “smart” complementarity, which makes it possible to identify the presence of specific foreign trade niches in a geographical (country, region) and commodity contexts, based on an analysis of the complementarity of trade flows at the level of a Russian region and a foreign country, and assessment of the global competitiveness of the regional economy, as well as “fine” criteria that determine the activity of participants in foreign economic activity. The applied results included a specific configuration of "smart" complementarity – the algorithm for determining promising economic specializations of the region, allowing to combine trade statistics of a foreign country with data regional statistics, indicating the presence of foreign trade potential, taking into account regional economic specializations. The developed algorithm is intended for the use in an information and analytical system to support management decisions in the field of foreign economic activity of the region.Conclusions and Relevance: the concept and configuration of «smart» complementarity in their practical implementation in the form of an information and analytical system are proposed in the article to provide the participants of foreign economic activity with data on promising export groups for selected countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. This approach allows moving the «center of gravity» of building trade and economic relations with foreign countries from the federal to the regional level.

Energy Diplomacy of Turkmenistan: Determining Factors and Legal Framework

Introduction. Energy diplomacy is an effective means of ensuring energy security (international and national) and, at the same time, an instrument for implementing the foreign energy policy of states. Since energy diplomacy is formed and implemented in the conditions of the state legal and international legal environment, the study of its legal component acquires not only theoretical, but also important practical significance. At the same time, the legal aspects of energy diplomacy (both in general and in relation to specific countries) have not yet been systematically developed in the legal literature, including in the science of international law. Based on the analysis of scientific and regulatory material, the article identifies the features of Turkmenistan's energy diplomacy and its legal support.Materials and methods. Within the framework of the study, the sources of international law related to the topic under consideration, political and legal policy documents and acts of national legislation of Turkmenistan are considered. The theoretical basis of the research was the scientific works of experts in the field of international law and energy law, as well as individual studies of the problem of energy diplomacy, including in relation to a chosen country. The methodological basis of the study was presented by general scientific and special legal methods.The results of the study. Factors of a resource-geographical nature, combined with factors of a political and legal nature (the status of Turkmenistan as a permanently neutral state) determine the originality of foreign energy policy and, significant from the point of view of international law, the features of Turkmenistan's energy diplomacy. The main strategic priority of Turkmenistan's energy diplomacy is to increase the export potential of oil and gas products and, in this regard, to create an extensive, modern and efficient infrastructure for transit and delivery of energy resources to foreign energy markets, comprehensive legal support for these processes. Reliance on the potential of multilateral diplomacy (primarily in the UN system) for the international legal legitimization of their national interests in the energy sector is combined with the development of bilateral international legal relations of energy cooperation on terms of mutual benefit, while respecting the basic principles of international law. The head of state plays a special role in the development and legal formalization of Turkmenistan's energy diplomacy. Embargoes, as well as unilateral restrictive measures, used in the practice of a number of States and individual integration associations, are not used as a means of economic pressure on other States. Special importance is attached to preventive diplomacy within the framework of the Central Asian region.Discussion and conclusion. Turkmenistan's energy diplomacy, being the main means of implementing its foreign energy policy, has an international and constitutional legal framework, in turn, including: the UN Charter and other fundamental international legal acts establishing the basic principles of international law and the provisions of the Constitution of Turkmenistan on adherence to these principles, taking into account its permanently neutral status; Resolutions The UN General Assembly and acts of the constitutional legislation of Turkmenistan relating to the legal formalization and implementation of its permanent neutral status; norms of international law and provisions of the constitutional legislation of Turkmenistan regulating the main forms of diplomatic activity; special principles of international energy law correlating with the norms of the constitutional law of Turkmenistan.

Обоснование необходимости развития сети морских грузопассажирских перевозок между субъектами Дальневосточного федерального округа Российской Федерации

The purpose of this article is to analyze the transport system of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal Area of the Russian Federation and substantiate the importanceof the development of maritime passenger transport to overcome the problem of transport isolation, especially characteristic of the Kamchatka Region and the Sakhalin Region. The article presents arguments in favor of the need to open a passenger sea connection betweenthe regions of the Russian Far East as a measure aimed at increasing and improving the opportunities of the population of the Far Eastern regions to move between the largest administrative and economic centers of the Far Eastern Federal Area. A comprehensive analysis, comparative analysis and a systematic approach were used as the methodological basis of the study. An assessment of the state of the transport industry in the Far East made it possible to form a proposal to create an industry project to address the problem of transportisolation of the regions.

The risk assessment of public-private partnership projects using artificial intelligence algorithms

Purpose: is to develop an innovative approach to risk management in public-private partnership (PPP) projects using advanced artificial intelligence technologies that allow creating the risk assessment model that takes into account non-linear relationships between various risk factors.Methods: in addition to traditional methods of scientific knowledge, interdisciplinary approaches of risk management and established practice of machine learning were used in the work. The methodological basis of the study was formed by works on the risk assessment and the application of AI algorithms in this area. The empirical basis of the study was the data of the official portal of ROSINFRA on public-private partnership projects.Results: the practice of applying AI algorithms to the task of assessing the risks of PPP-projects in Russia and abroad was studied. It is established that the most effective result is shown by the models based on Random-Forest-Classifier. However, the presented solutions do not take into account Russian economic realities. The authors have structured a database of implemented PPP-projects suitable for risk modeling. The model for assessing the risk of failure to achieve the objectives of Russian PPP-projects has been developed and its quality has been assessed. Recommendations on implementation of the model in the operational loop of PPP projects realization processes are offered.Conclusions and Relevance: the developed model allows, according to the general parameters of PPP project (region, authority, term of agreement, industry and scope of implementation, etc.) with the accuracy of 93% (according to the ROC\AUC metric), to assess the risk that the project will end incorrectly (due to a failed tender, refusal to launch, termination by court decision, cancellation/annulment of the tender). With the help of the model the executive authorities of the Russian Federation can build risk management for PPP projects management in the regions and thus contribute to their efficiency improvement. The article may also become useful for project management practitioners and appraisers.

Imperatives of economic nature that have a negative impact on the legal provision of national security

The study represents the effort of applying neo-realism paradigm to the analysis of economic security factor in the system of national security and its legislative framing in various countries in regional view. Along with overall trends in global landscape of economic security, the cases of Pakistan, UK, USA, Australia, and China are considered. The article can serve as a methodological basis for subsequent scientific research in this area.

The Problems of Ideology in the Context of State-Legal Reality

Introduction. The article analyzes the phenomena associated with the emergence of ideologies, their manifestations in the conditions of state and legal reality, as well as the views of researchers regarding the concept of ideology, which for many decades was considered as false consciousness. Changes occurred only by the end of the XX century with the emergence of new scientific concepts with the participation of foreign and domestic scientists. social group, then there should also be a political direction in the activities of the state. It could have the character of a humanitarian policy. The study presents its author's definition. Particular attention is paid to the nature of the interaction between ideology and law, which is considered as a value phenomenon. After the adoption of the decree on the approval of the foundations of state policy for the preservation of traditional values, such a conceptual document is considered by the authors in the context of its ideological content, without which strategic planning for the development of the country is impossible. The issues of interaction between ideology and law are analyzed in the format of the state as a complex social system. The article contains an analysis of the influence of information technologies used in legal relations, which generates the need for legal regulation, which means that they are included in the object of legal cognition, reflection and comprehension by legal consciousness. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to pay more attention to the factors that have a positive impact on legal consciousness. It is argued that the state-legal reality allows us to see the state in its legal design and legal consolidation, and the law in its state provision and guarantee, without interfering with the detailed analysis of both the state and the law. In conclusion, the author formulates proposals concerning the objective demand for ideological forms by the state and its power structures, even if the dominant ideology is not enshrined in the country, since all social institutions have ideological foundations in the protection of values and traditions in society.Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the scientific research consists of general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition. In the work, the methods of systemic, comparative legal analysis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, philosophical and legal research tools of ideological processes, the involvement of the results of domestic and foreign research on the interaction of ideology and law, statehood, state structure as a complex social system were used.Results of the study. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that the state and its power structures in the conditions of a specific state-legal reality objectively require ideological forms, even if the dominant ideology is not fixed in the country. Consequently, all social institutions have ideological foundations in the protection of values and traditions in society. Discussion and conclusion. The ideological component is manifested in law, among other things, in politically engaged, opportunistic norms and normative legal acts. The intellectual content of the country's strategic development is closely related to the concept of "Russian identity". Identity answers the questions: What are we? Where are our roots? What are our traditions? How do we pass on these traditions from generation to generation? The description of identity remains a scientific and historical description of society. In turn, identity is closely related to ideology. But if identity answers one question: What are we? Ideological forms contain answers to the questions: Where are we heading? What is our goal?

The State and Trends of Crime in the Territory of the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2023

Introduction. The article provides an analysis of the state of crime in the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 2023. The analysis is based on statistical data on the state of crime in the Commonwealth over the past five years.After Russia launched a special military operation in 2022 to denazify and demilitarize Ukraine, a situation is developing in the world in which the countries of the collective West are trying to damage our country through economic sanctions, as well as actually waging a proxy war against Russia. Unfriendly countries, led by the United States, are trying to use the member states of the Commonwealth as a tool in the fight against Russia, through unequal cooperation to introduce differences in the CIS, and use information security technologies for their own purposes.To determine the degree of influence of current world events on the criminal situation in the post-Soviet space, an analysis of the state of crime in the CIS countries was carried out.The given statistical data on crime in the Commonwealth countries demonstrate the dynamics of the criminal situation in the countries under consideration, depending primarily on internal criminogenic factors. Such factors exist and develop under the influence of criminal elements and the existing criminal environment.The analysis of the dynamics of the criminal situation for 2019-2023 was aimed at determining the trends of its development in the light of the impact of external and internal processes that have arisen in recent years, to identify the causes affecting the dynamics of certain types of crime and to make a forecast of the possible development of the criminal situation for the next 1-2 years.To predict the dynamics of the criminal situation in the CIS countries, the expotential smoothing method was used, which is illustrated by the graphs given in the article.Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the research is based on the conclusions and achievements of criminology, scientific research on crime as a social phenomenon. The reasons and events influencing the dynamics of crime are taken into account. General scientific and private scientific research methods (synthesis, deduction, analysis, generalization, observation, etc.) were used in the work. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, comparative and problem-based approaches.The results of the study. As a result of the analysis of the criminal situation at the transport facilities of the Russian Federation, it was found that, starting in 2020, new factors influenced the quantitative indicators of crime in transport. The introduction of restrictive measures related to the spread of coronavirus infection, their subsequent cancellation, the beginning of the geopolitical crisis in the world, provoked by the imposition of sanctions by Western countries against Russia, restrictions on international communications. closure of airports, borders, etc. they affected the directions of preventive activities of the internal affairs bodies in transport. The conclusions and forecasts made in the article determine the trends in the development of the criminal situation in transport in 2023 and allow us to determine the most important vectors of the direction of preventive activities of internal affairs bodies.Discussion and conclusion. The article identifies and substantiates the priority areas of activity of the internal affairs bodies of Russia in transport for the most effective organization of preventive activities and combating crime.

Methodological bases for the development of speed and strength qualities in various types of sports

В данной статье раскрываются основные правила развития скоростных и силовых качеств в выбранном виде спорта. Подробно описана методика развития скоростно-силовых качеств на различных этапах спортивного совершенствования. В данной статье изложены узловые моменты и принципы дозирования нагрузки при неправильном построении методики развития скоростно-силовых свойств и побочные эффекты. This article reveals the basic rules for the development of speed and strength qualities in the chosen sport. The methodology of the development of speed and strength qualities at various stages of sports improvement is described in detail. This article describes the nodal moments and principles of load dosing in case of incorrect construction of the methodology for the development of speed-force properties and side effects. Бұл мақалада таңдалған спорт түріндегі жылдамдық пен күш қасиеттерін дамытудың негізгі ережелері ашылады. Спорттық жетілдірудің әртүрлі кезеңдерінде жылдамдық пен күш қасиеттерін дамыту әдістемесі егжей-тегжейлі сипатталған. Бұл мақалада жылдамдық-күштік қасиеттерді дамыту әдістемесінің дұрыс құрылмауындағы жүктеме дозасының түйіндік сәттері мен принциптері және жанама әсерлері көрсетілген.

Interaction Between Police and Society as Basis for Combating Crime: Analysis of Ukrainian and Foreign Experience

Objective: The purpose of the article is to determine the role and significance of the interaction between the police and society as the main factor in combating crime, taking into account Ukrainian and foreign legislation, different opinions of scholars and empirical data. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical basis for this study is the Swedish concept of "community policing," the French model of "police de proximité," as well as other socially-oriented models of policing from developed foreign countries. Method: The methodological basis of the research is the following methods: comparative and legal, formal and legal, system analysis, interpretive, analysis and synthesis. Results and Discussion: The existing concepts of interaction between the police and society in the context of combating crime have been characterized. The essence of such legal categories as “crime combating”, “interaction between police and society”, “modern concepts” has been revealed and their characteristic has been carried out. The problems of forming and implementing modern concepts of interaction between the police and society in combating crime in Ukraine have been studied. Contributions: A conclusion regarding the effectiveness of various models of the interaction between the police and society in combating crime has been made. The experience of some foreign countries regarding the interaction between the police and society has been analyzed in order to implement the best practices in combating crime into the national legislation. Optimal recommendations regarding the possibilities of adapting foreign experience into Ukraine have been offered, taking into account the current legislation and positive international experience in this area of legal relations.

Organizational and legal principles of forensic examination in the field of road infrastructure

The aim of the work is to analyze the offenses committed in the field of road infrastructure and to identify the main areas of criminal activity, for which investigation specific expertise in the form of forensic examination is applied. The methodological basis of the study of this problem was general, separate and special cognition methods. The results of performed research demonstrate possibility of distinguishing two main areas of criminal activity in the field of road infrastructure. These are official crimes related to the field of official and professional activity, as well as war crimes related to unforeseen destruction of road infrastructure. Thus, one of socially dangerous manifestations in this area are crimes related to road construction. While investigating issues of compliance of the developed project-technical and estimate documentation with the requirements of regulatory acts in the field of road construction, as well as questions of determining compliance of the completed construction works and built objects with the project-technical documentation, often arise. Such issues can be resolved if forensic expert (experts) have relevant professional knowledge in the design, construction and operation of roads, taking into account the characteristics of road infrastructure objects. At the current stage, when all Ukrainians feel consequences of Russian aggression, another problem is clearly visible. After all, for all the crimes of this shameful war, the enemy must suffer a just punishment, and the victims must receive compensation for the material and moral damage caused to them. In connection with the emergence of new tasks that arise during the investigation of war crimes committed by the aggressor country, the question of the appropriate level of expert provision of justice in conditions of war that is directly related both to increasing effectiveness of the inspection of the scene of the event and to further conducting forensic examinations. Taking into account the fact that a huge number of objects were damaged and destroyed, there was a need to use the latest methods and approaches to effectively counteract the specified manifestations of crime, in particular, development of effective system of expert justice provision at the stages of pre-trial investigation and subsequent judicial review of cases. Thereby it is important to provide expert investigation of crimes related to the establishment of damages to the state, individuals and legal entities from the destruction of immovable and movable property.

Academic success centers at us universities as an effective factor in ensuring the quality of higher education

The aim of the work is theoretical analysis of the peculiarities of the activity of the Academic Success Centers in the U.S. universities. The methodological basis of the study are official websites of Academic Success Centers, scientific articles by Ukrainian and American researches and analytical reports. Results. The article is devoted to a review of the activities of Academic Success Centers in U.S. universities. It is found that there is no single definition of «Academic Success Center» due to the variety of services offered. It is determined that Academic Success Center is a structural institution that provides academic and social-psychological support to students, helps to reveal their potential and prepare them for a career. The author emphasizes the technologies of support for students of higher education institutions. The main support technologies are tutoring, mentoring, academic coaching and Supplemental Instruction. It is proven that these technologies contribute to the improvement of the academic achievements of students and increase students’ retention rate of the educational institution. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction of the Center with freshmen, who most often face a number of problems in a new academic environment for them. The Centers provide academic advising for students on choosing courses. Academic advising lasts from admission to graduation at the university. Moreover, Academic Success Centers provide an opportunity not only to learn, but also to teach. Seniors have the opportunity to become tutors, mentors and academic coaches. A special feature of Centers is career guidance work with applicants. Universities organize meetings of future first-year students with students, graduates, teachers and administration of the institution to provide complete information about admission, studies and further employment prospects. Conclusions. The conducted study proved the need for further thorough research of the basic principles and areas of activity of centers of academic success in US universities in order to introduce better experience into educational practice.