Basis Of Artificial Intelligence Research Articles

Algorithms, Sociology of Law and Justice

Objective: to determine the possibility of professional legal activity automation and to identify the limitations that in a democratic society are associated with the use of software capable of generating effective legal solutions in conflict situations.Methods: the conducted empirical research is based on the methodology of social sciences, sociology of law, principles of communicative and communicational theories of law, and formal-legal analysis of legal documents.Results: the paper presents examples of functioning of computer systems that imitate some specific aspects of human intelligence in decision-making. The concept of algorithm and the main characteristics of tasks performed by artificial intelligence systems are defined. The relevance, methods and achievements of sociology of law are outlined, which underlie the systems or computer programs helping to resolve legal conflicts. It is found that the research tools developed as a methodology within the sociology of law since its emergence will be more widely used in the future, due to the growing use of information and communication technologies in legal activities. It is shown that in the administration of justice it is impossible to generate solutions only on the basis of artificial intelligence, since law and the process of making legal decisions on its basis has more complex characteristics in a democratic society. It is emphasized that obtaining the desired legal result is not limited to the processes of algorithmization, categorization or formal exegetics of legal texts. It rather consists in understanding and thinking in accordance with the accepted values, meanings, evaluative criteria, strategies, perspectives, etc.Scientific novelty: the article reveals the significance of the principles of communicative and communicational theories of law under the development of information and communication technologies in legal activity. The main limitations of the use of artificial intelligence in legal activity and, in particular, in justice are identified.Practical significance: the formulated provisions help, while improving legal regulation, to avoid insufficiently justified decisions on the automation of law enforcement, as well as to take into account the increasing importance of the principles of communicative and communicational theories of law in such types of legal activities as creation, interpretation and application of laws.

Artificial Intelligence in the Process of Simultaneous Translation

Artificial intelligence, like translators, has the ability to quickly translate communication from one language to another at the same time. Until recently, it was considered just a fantasy. But today we can see that any person standing in different corner of the world can talk to people of other nationalities as if they were talking in their mother tongue. This is done on the basis of ordinary headphones, with the help of artificial intelligence. In many conferences, simultaneous interpretation is also done on the basis of artificial intelligence. When a speaker is speaking in one language, the listener is able to hear him in his own national language with the help of an artificial translation service. Despite the many advantages of using this type of computerized translation service in the simultaneous translation process, there are also some misunderstandings in the translation process.

Забезпечення кібербезпеки в еру штучного інтелекту: аналіз технологічних підходів та стратегій для захисту інформації

Technologies based on machine learning are gradually being introduced as a new means of automation of everyday and routine tasks, providing new opportunities for creativity and innovation. However, the growing use of artificial intelligence raises concerns about the security of personal data of users and the confidential developments of certain companies. When using this tool, it is important to be aware of the potential risks to information and cybersecurity. The purpose of the article was to analyze the issue of ensuring cybersecurity in the era of artificial intelligence and technological approaches and strategies for information protection. The Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine, which was approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated August 26, 2021, was analyzed. Artificial intelligence has been identified as having both positive and negative effects in cybersecurity, as it can either enhance the cyber attack process, causing faster and more damaging attacks, or conversely, improve cybersecurity. The main threats of artificial intelligence for cybersecurity are vulnerability, privacy, attacks of various types. The spread of artificial intelligence creates a threat of disclosure of confidential information during data collection and processing, which requires the introduction of appropriate security measures at all stages of technology use. In general, the use of artificial intelligence requires not only innovative approaches, but also increased security measures to protect against various cyber threats. It is found that the capabilities of artificial intelligence can be used in cybersecurity, which can contribute to the strengthening of protection for organizations and reduce the workload of relevant specialists. The tools built on the basis of artificial intelligence allow you to automate routine tasks in the field of security, freeing up the time of experts to solve the most important tasks. In general, the potential of artificial intelligence can be used to strengthen cybersecurity, but it is necessary to implement new laws that will regulate its operation.

The Coming Transformative Impact of Large Language Models and Artificial Intelligence on Global Business and Education

Rapid advances in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLM) as a basis for Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, and their sudden wide accessibility, have garnered significant attention recently. These technologies (e.g., ChatGPT, BARD), which have the ability to predict and generate human language, have led to excitement and concerns regarding their use in various industries. This paper explores the history of LLM, examines their applications in business and education, and delves into the critical ethical concerns and challenges of these emerging technologies to ensure that their uses are not only effective, but also responsible and equitable.

Диагностика дислексии с использованием методов искусственного интеллекта по данным движений глаз: обзор

<p style="text-align: justify;">The review considers methods of dyslexia diagnostics based on eye movement data and implemented on the basis of artificial intelligence. A number of studies have shown that eye movements in people with dyslexia may differ from those of people with normal reading abilities. Since 2015, studies have begun to appear in which the eye movements of observers with and without dyslexia were analyzed using various artificial intelligence methods. To date, there are a number of papers using both simple and more complex models (with neural networks and deep learning). This review discusses what accuracy of diagnosis has been achieved by researchers, for which groups of subjects and for which languages the current results have been shown, what types of algorithms have been used, and other practical aspects of conducting such diagnosis. According to the data analyzed, dyslexia diagnostics by eye movements and artificial intelligence methods is very promising and may have a significant impact on early diagnosing of reading problems.</p>

Identifying the most important data for research in the field of infectious diseases: thinking on the basis of artificial intelligence.

Clinical data on which artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are trained and tested provide the basis to improve diagnosis or treatment of infectious diseases (ID). We aimed to identify important data for ID research to prioritise efforts being undertaken in AI programmes. We searched for 1,000 articlesfrom high-impact ID journals on PubMed, selecting 288 of the latest articles from 10 top journals. We classified them into structured or unstructured data. Variables were homogenised and grouped into the following categories: epidemiology, admission, demographics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, laboratory, microbiology, other diagnoses, treatment, outcomes and other non-categorizable variables. 4,488 individual variables were collected, from the 288 articles. 3,670 (81.8%) variables were classified as structured data whilst 818 (18.2%) as unstructured data. From the structured data, 2,319 (63.2%) variables were classified as direct-retrievable from electronic health records-whilst 1,351 (36.8%) were indirect. The most frequent unstructured data were related to clinical manifestations and were repeated across articles. Data on demographics, comorbidities and microbiology constituted the most frequent group of variables. This article identified that structured variables have comprised the most important data in research to generate knowledge in the field of ID. Extracting these data should be a priority when a medical centre intends to start an AI programme for ID. We also documented that the most important unstructured data in this field are those related to clinical manifestations. Such data could easily undergo some structuring with the use of semi-structured medical records focusing on a few symptoms.

How Does Homo Digitalis Empathize?

Purpose. The article aimed at identifying the effects of modern digital technologies on the formation of human morality. Theoretical basis. The research base is the practical communicative philosophy. Originality. It lies in the fact that the article considered a moral interaction between a person and artificial intelligence. Conclusions. Nowadays modern digital technologies have acquired a new importance. Previously, they were only passive assistants. But now they are able to actively influence human nature not only from the outside, yet also from the inside. Now they influence not only the form of thoughts but also their character. It is artificial intelligence that is the cause of the phenomenon of the "information bubble" ("echo chamber"). They are formed by mathematical algorithms for each individual user of the Internet. It is because of these algorithms, which are the basis of artificial intelligence, that we can conclude: they are guided only by strategic rationality. Therefore, they relate to the Internet user only as an object. That is why such a situation can also be a manifestation of the expansion of strategic rationality into the lifeworld, which gives rise to social pathologies. New digital technologies (first of all, social networks) are becoming an integral part of a person’s everyday life, and therefore the background of his/her life world. Virtual life becomes an important part of real life. However, virtual life is formed by the influence of the information stream, which constantly sets new "trends", including "trends" on morality. That is why a person begins to perceive only those events that are contained in this stream. Moreover, s\he can express his\her empathy only when s/he him/herself is able to join this stream and express it in virtual life.

Этические проблемы применения искусственного интеллекта: гендерный аспект

The article gives a brief description of the fourth industrial revolution, as well as an interpretation of the phenomena of “intelligence”, “artificial intelligence”. Questions are raised about the admissibility of artificial intelligence intervention in the life of our society, as well as the boundaries of such interference, the problem of responsibility for the consequences of decisions made by artificial intelligence is raised. The development of modern technologies can create new ethical problems. And the personal voice assistants or assistants that have become widespread today (Siri from Apple, Cortana from Microsoft, Alexa from Amazon, Alice from Yandex, Marusya from Mail.ru, etc.), working on the basis of artificial intelligence, can reflect and help strengthen existing gender stereotypes. The purpose of this article is to consider the main reasons for the feminization of artificial intelligence using the example of personal voice assistants that have become widespread in the realities of the 21st century. It is also important to study the influence of developers on the artificial intelligence they created already at the initial stage of development. It is noted that specialists in the field of artificial intelligence managed to develop a prototype of a gender-neutral language model, as well as create a gender-neutral voice for personal voice assistants. In the future, this will help to avoid the gender bias of artificial intelligence, which will contribute to the fight against gender stereotypes that exist in our society.

Optimization of Machining on the Basis of Artificial Intelligence

Optimization of Machining on the Basis of Artificial Intelligence

Effective stress analysis of residual wave-induced liquefaction around caisson-foundations: Bearing capacity degradation and an AI-based framework for predicting settlement

Excessive wave-induced pore pressure buildup around offshore foundations results in liquefaction, settlement and bearing capacity degradation, which may threaten the safety of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs). Despite the extensive research efforts on wave-induced seabed residual response in the recent years, there is still a lack of knowledge on mechanisms of wave-induced liquefaction and settlement around caisson foundations. Employing a code-based framework implemented in OpenSees, the cyclic response of wave-seabed-foundation (WSF) system is evaluated. Biot’s consolidation theory, linear wave theory and CycLiqCPSP constitutive soil model are integrated to evaluate the response of soil-foundation system accounting for the hydrodynamic pressure of wave imposed on the seabed surface considering the fully-coupled wave-seabed-foundation interaction (WSFI). Soil model parameters are calibrated against cyclic simple shear (CSS) tests and the numerical model is validated by a well-documented centrifuge experimental model. Various seabed characteristics, and a range of the geometrical properties of foundation with different OWT weights are put into practice for evaluating the geotechnical aspects of wave-induced liquefaction. Stress paths are provided to demonstrate quite different level of reduction in effective stresses and likelihood of liquefaction occurrence upon cyclic shear stresses application for different locations in the vicinity of the foundation area. The present study will also improve understanding of the interplay among the state variables on the wave-induced foundation settlement and bearing capacity degradation allow to feed the output data into development of simplified procedure for assessing the bearing capacity. Finally, results from over 250 analyses with different model configurations are used to provide an estimate of wave-induced caisson settlement with reasonable accuracy on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) method known as Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH).

Influencer Pazarlama Ortamı Olarak Metaverse: Paris Hilton’un ‘Superplastic’, ‘Bohoo’ ve ‘Levi’s’ ile Influencer-Marka İş Birlikleri

The Metaverse can be defined as a collection of fictional and virtual worlds that offer different experiences in all areas of life to users represented by avatars with Web 3.0 infrastructure on the basis of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and extended reality technologies. From an economics perspective, the Metaverse turns out to offer a virtual economy, new business models, new products, as well as a new marketing and advertising channel. Taking this into account, brands have started to carry out their influencer marketing activities in the Metaverse environment. With the opportunities offered by Metaverse, brands operate in a market area that tends to expand and become more interactive. In such a market, the interaction between influencers and their followers takes place within the framework of a new business model. In this study, in order to evaluate the influencer marketing activities in Metaverse, the brand and influencer collaborations of Paris Hilton with Superplastic, Boohoo, and Levi’s, were examined with the case study and the semiotic analysis method of Roland Barthes. The analysis results showed that influencers direct their followers from social media to Metaverse platforms. It is also noteworthy that the features such as an individual style and lifestyle that influencers manifest on social media appear to be quite similar in their Metaverse posts. In terms of influencer marketing, Metaverse seems to be more creative and flexible with higher interaction due to the vast opportunities offered as a consequence of using the virtual worlds and avatars on different platforms. When it comes to users, it is observed that followers are given a real-time interaction opportunity in online virtual environments, that content forms are created in a way which is experienced through gamification; and that further opportunities are offered to develop a closer interaction between the user and the influencer avatars, and other possibilities such as purchasing digital assets and winning awards. In the Metaverse, brands appear to benefit from such opportunities as developing parallel marketing strategies between the physical world and the virtual world, preparing effective advertising campaigns with the creative potential of the virtual world, coming up with solutions to difficulties such as payment problems and counterfeiting in influencer marketing by relying on blockchain technology on the basis of Web 3.0 infrastructure, apart from selling digital products and NFTs.

Monitoring Illegal Logging Using Google Earth Engine in Sulawesi Selatan Tropical Forest, Indonesia

Forest destruction has been found to be the cause of natural disasters in the form of floods, landslides in the rainy season, droughts in the dry season, climate change, and global warming. The high rate of forest destruction is caused by various factors, including weak law enforcement efforts against forestry crimes, such as illegal logging events. However, in Indonesia, illegal logging is only discovered when the perpetrator has distributed the wood products. The lack of monitoring of the overall condition of the forest has an impact on the current high level of forest destruction. Through this research, the problems related to environmental damage due to illegal logging will be described through remote sensing technology, which is currently mainly developed on the basis of artificial intelligence and machine learning, namely Google Earth Engine (GEE). Monitoring of illegal logging events will be analysed using Sentinel 1 and 2 data. Obtaining satellite imagery with relatively small cloud cover for tropical regions, such as Indonesia, is remarkably difficult. This difficulty is due to the presence of a radar sensor on Sentinel 1 images that can penetrate clouds, allowing for observation of the forest condition even in the presence of clouds. Using the random forest classification algorithm of the GEE platform, data on forest conditions in 2021 were obtained, covering an area of 2,843,938.87 ha or 63% of the total area of Sulawesi Selatan Province. An analysis using a map of the function of forest areas revealed that of the current forest area, 38.46% was non-forest estates and 61.54% was forest areas. The continued identification of illegal logging events also found 1971 spots of forest change events in the vulnerable time of the first period (January–April) with the second period (April–August), and 1680 spots of forest change events in the vulnerable period of the second period (April–August) with the third period (September–December), revealing a total incident area of 7599.28 ha.

Real Estate App Development Based on AI/VR Technologies

This paper deals with an investigation centered on developing a real estate app on the basis of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality technologies. The study explores the advantages and disadvantages of using Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality technologies in real estate. The main focus of the study was on AI/VR applications that have importance for the real estate industry. This paper explains how AI and VR technologies can benefit the real estate market. VR and AI technologies have had a long history in the academic world since the middle of the last century, but not at the same level, due to the lack of large amounts of data and computational power required for both technologies. In recent years, the expansion of IT technologies has helped to remove the technical obstacles, which is why the interest in VR and AI technologies has acutely increased in society and the public over the past several years. Not only the research and abstract ideas of the virtual world but also the feasibility of companies from different industries are becoming more and more relevant. In particular, when it comes to virtual reality, the focus is on 360° images. With special cameras, the entire environment can be captured in a three-dimensional space and then cut together in such a way that the viewer can actually look around in this room and monitor events from his perspective. This opens the possibility of presenting different content in a completely new way. Technical shortcomings currently hamper the feeling of true immersion in virtual worlds. A detailed literature review provides the necessary theoretical basis for artificial intelligence and virtual reality with a particular emphasis on its use in the real estate industry.

Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen: heute und in Zukunft

Although Germany continues to struggle with the digital transformation of healthcare, there is reason for optimism. The political will to improve healthcare with digital technologies has been underpinned by numerous legal initiatives since 2018. In addition, there is growing acceptance among healthcare providers and the population. The latter has clearly been driven by the corona pandemic, which underscored the need for more digitized care.Digitalization in healthcare has three key drivers: the rapid technological development in data processing, the ever-improving understanding of the biological basis of human life, and growing patient sovereignty coupled with agrowing desire for transparency. Prerequisites for digital medicine are data interoperability and the establishment of anetworking (telematics) infrastructure (TI). The status of the most important digital TI applications affecting German healthcare are described: the electronic patient record (ePA) as its core as well as electronic prescriptions, medication plans, and communication tools such as Communication in Medicine (KIM) and TI Messenger (TIM). In addition, various telemedical offerings are discussed as well as the introduction of digital health applications (DiGA) into the statutory healthcare system, which Germany has pioneered. Furthermore, the use of medical data as the basis for artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms is discussed. While helpful and capable of improving diagnostics as well as medical therapy, such AI tools will not replace doctors and nurses.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВЫХ ЗАДАЧ

The introduction of artificial intelligence technologies into the marketing system can create significant competitive advantages for the company, increase efficiency, productivity and stimulate revenue growth. The article discusses the application of artificial intelligence technologies in modern marketing. The analysis and comparison of various tools implemented on the basis of artificial intelligence with the tasks of marketing and improving the efficiency of the business as a whole is also carried out.

Системи раннього попередження в банках як інструментарій антикризового управління

The aim of the article is to substantiate the functionality and ways to modernize early warning systems in banks as an instrument for anti-crisis management. It is proved that banking crises at the macro and micro levels are identified by: bank runs (banking panic), growth of interest rates on deposits and loans; provision of the State financial assistance to banks to avoid a systemic crisis; reorganization and restructuring in the banking system. It is proposed to consider early warning systems as an aggregate of methods and models that allow to identify potential and real signs of crisis phenomena in banks at the macro and micro levels, and to develop preventive measures of anti-crisis management at the early stages of manifestation. It is noted that the creation of an early warning model is a sequential process that includes three stages: preliminary modeling, modeling, and post-modeling. Such actions are directed towards defining the goals and objectives of the model, evaluating the model, and substantiating the initial representativeness of the model. An approach to systematization of early warning indicators with their division into external and internal ones has been developed. External indicators include: insufficient level of capitalization and profitability, high share of non-performing loans, banking risks, unsatisfactory asset quality, bank runs, imbalance of assets and liabilities in terms of amounts and terms, liquidity problems, and others. Internal indicators are as follows: low level of capitalization, quality of assets of an individual institution, deposit potential, liquidity, profitability, spread, etc. Approaches to improving early warning systems have been developed by modernizing them on the basis of artificial intelligence. An anti-crisis management instrumentarium in banks has been proposed, depending on the type and depth of the crisis. The instruments are systematized into non-market ones, which include emergency measures, restrictions on banking competition and the scope of activity, and market instruments – financial, operational and structural. Prospects for further research are the development of indicators for assessing the depth of the crisis at the macro and micro levels along with determining its level, substantiating strategic and tactical methods of anti-crisis management.

Analysis of communication strategy of Guzheng art based on artificial intelligence

The current situation of the spread of guzheng art is not good, and the continuous development may lead to the disappearance of the art of guzheng. Therefore, it is necessary to help the art of guzheng to continue to spread in the modern environment. On this basis, this paper will research on the basis of artificial intelligence, mainly introduces the basic concept of artificial intelligence, and then puts forward the idea of coping and the method of thinking. Research shows that artificial intelligence has high application value in the communication of guzheng art. Combining ideas and methods, artificial intelligence can play a role in helping the communication of Guzheng art. Continuous circulation can change the communication status and reverse the elapse of guzheng art.

Self-consciousness of Computer-Machines (Robots) on the Basis of Artificial Intelligence and Their Influence on International and European Law

Self-consciousness of Computer-Machines (Robots) on the Basis of Artificial Intelligence and Their Influence on International and European Law

The downstream impact of the first and second filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

Water conflicts arise from geostrategic factors that hide behind visible ones such as the construction of dams. In the case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), it will have a significant impact on development in Ethiopia, but its filling has worried downstream countries about altering the flow of the Nile and associated ecosystems. In this study, several high spatiotemporal resolution remote sensing products were used on the basis of artificial intelligence in Google Earth Engine. The results show that the two first filling phases had no effect on the reservoirs of the dams in Sudan and Egypt, nor on the vegetation cover. On the contrary, significant reserves of water have been stored in response to unusual floods in the White Nile, and the recent trend of increasing vegetation cover has not been affected likely due to groundwater contributions and judicious anticipation, and the provision of resources for food security. In general, the parties must take long-term collaborative measures to ensure effective management and reduce waste, especially in the upcoming filling.

Developing a Regulatory Framework for Autonomous Vehicles: A Proximal Analysis of European Approach and Its Application to ASEAN Countries

Abstract Autonomous vehicles (AV), a new innovative product of the automobile industry designed on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, thereby capable of operating without direct human control, are believed to be the future of transportation. Hence, as with most great technology, the development of AVs would eventually be limited if regulatory changes are not implemented on time. ASEAN, one of the world’s leading emerging automobile markets, has accepted the arrival of AVs and allowed the automobile producers to introduce autonomous and semi-autonomous cars for the customers. However, most ASEAN countries, with the exception of Singapore, have yet to enact regulations governing AVs. They are facing a number of challenges in determining the legal status of AVs, thereby creating certain restrictions for establishing the platform for production, sales and uses of this AI-driven product. This article will analyse the legal framework on AVs of four ASEAN countries—Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. It then attempts to assess the regulatory approaches toward the development of a legal framework for AVs in Germany, France, and the Netherlands, to suggest some effective solutions for ASEAN.