General Base Research Articles

Social benefits as one of the additional measures of social protection of servicemen and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of one of the important additional measures of social protection of servicemen and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine – social benefits provided to servicemen and employees of the Security Service of Ukraine on the basis of current legislation in order to compensate for certain restrictions on their rights and freedoms associated with being in the service and stimulating interest in its passage. The current national legislation and the views of scientists on the researched issue are analyzed. It is noted that today military personnel of the Security Service of Ukraine enjoy a number of social benefits provided in the field of using public transport of various types (free travel), in the field of health protection (free obtaining of medicines, primary medical examination and dispensation), sanatorium-resort service, discounts in the field of payment for communal services and housing use and other benefits regulated by the laws of Ukraine «On the Security Service of Ukraine», «On social and legal protection of military personnel and their family members». As for the employees of the Security Service of Ukraine who have concluded an employment contract, their social protection is provided on a general basis in accordance with the labor legislation and will be further specified in the social security legislation. It was concluded that despite the fact that the current legislation provides for a number of benefits for military personnel of the Security Service of Ukraine, today the state is not yet able to ensure their full implementation due to the lack of the necessary economic base, a sufficient amount of financial resources, and a clear mechanism for the implementation of the declared guarantees and benefits It is clear that the country, being currently in a state of war, has limited economic opportunities for financing many areas, constantly faces the challenge of balancing the needs of defense, economy and human capital development. At the same time, the social protection of this category of persons should compensate for the difficult working conditions and restrictions on their rights that arise from the conditions of this type of service, motivate them to perform their tasks at a high professional level, selflessly and as efficiently as possible.

Life Cycle Assessment and Experimental Mechanical Investigation of Test Samples for High-Performance Racing Boats

This paper investigates the environmental impact and mechanical performance of two composite sandwich structures, named Series 1 and Series 2, used in high-performance racing boats. Mechanical tests, including four-point bending and drop impact tests, were performed. It was found on a general basis that Series 2 has higher load-bearing capacity and limited deflection. Series 1, which has a higher density, was able to absorb more impact energy but was more susceptible to damage. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact associated with the materials, considering also the testing phase, which plays an important role in the life cycle of materials and structures for advanced marine applications. In addition, two performance indexes were introduced to correlate the mechanical and environmental properties of the analyzed materials. This study emphasizes the importance of considering the testing phase in LCA, as the energy-intensive nature of mechanical testing contributes significantly to the overall environmental impact. The introduced indexes allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the balance between mechanical performance and environmental sustainability. The findings suggest a trade-off between mechanical performance and sustainability, calling for further research into recyclable composites and greener manufacturing processes to balance these competing priorities.

“Social Elevator”: Research of Affirmative Action Program

This work investigates the academic performance of students enrolled in the “Social Elevator” program at Higher School of Economics (HSE University), which operates under the principle of affirmative action and aims to assist those students who have lower chances of admission due to various social reasons in a highly competitive environment. Objective admissions in Russian universities and the high selectivity of the HSE University, discussed in this paper, do not confidently allow the application of conclusions from foreign studies to the Russian experience. The program had not been previously researched. It was assumed that students of the program would show higher performance than their peers admitted on a general basis – this assumption follows from qualitative research that found that students of this program possess a progressive narrative of overcoming inequality. Regression with dummy variables based on administrative data on student performance and survey data on the socio-economic status of students are used for the analysis. According to the regression analysis results, all else being equal, students of the “Social Elevator” program demonstrate lower performance than students admitted on budgetary places on general grounds, although they average grades at the “good” level and therefore have a chance to get a return to education and overcome inequality. Further research on the topic is required to separate the secondary effects of inequality, as well as to assess the actual social mobility of students participating in the program. The results can be useful in designing educational policy in the field of expanding access to higher education.

Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson production from inflaton coupling during reheating

The existence of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) fields is a common feature in many models beyond the Standard Model, characterized by their exclusive derivative couplings. This paper investigates a scenario where a pNGB is coupled to the inflaton field during the reheating phase of the early universe. We calculate the perturbative decay rate of a coherently oscillating inflaton into pNGBs on a general basis, considering both constant and field-dependent couplings with monomial potentials at the minimum. As a concrete application, we explore the production of axions when the radial mode of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scalar serves as the inflaton, particularly in the presence of a large gravitational non-minimal coupling. Our findings suggest that the presence of pNGBs during reheating can lead to significant non-thermal relics, offering new constraints on inflationary reheating models and providing potential observational signatures in the form of dark radiation.

The Challenges of the Presumption of Innocence in Lithuanian Criminal Proceedings

Abstract Although one of the key principles of the criminal procedure law - the presumption of innocence is officially declared as an aspiration in Lithuanian legal regulation and case law, there are still some areas of possible threat to this key principle. Therefore, the purpose of this research paper is to identify and analyse specific problems of ensuring the presumption of innocence in Lithuanian criminal law and criminal procedure law. So, the analysis was based on three main questions: the difficulties of ensuring the presumption of innocence in the Lithuanian criminal procedural law and Lithuanian criminal law and in the context of media. The research was carried out by employing the logical, the systematic, the linguistic, the historical, the comparative and the synthesizing research methods as well as the analysis of legal documents. The results of research analysis revealed specific areas that pose the greatest threat to violation of the presumption of innocence, as grounds for the termination of a criminal case; the general basis for issuing a preventive measure (arrest); complicity where the accomplices are tried in separate cases and media statements that have a direct impact on the impartiality of judges.

Development of the global competitiveness of Russian regions: the concept and configuration of the "smart" complementarity

Purpose: is to work out the scientifically sound theoretical and methodical framework for the «smart» complementarity of trade flows, aimed at selecting and substantiating potential commodity niches in trade of Russian regions with foreign countries.Methods: the general methodological basis of the study is the critical analysis of the scientific literature that forms the theoretical and methodological basis for the global competitiveness of individual regions of a country presented in the theories of regional and spatial economy. The study has been carried out by methods of system, structural-logical and abstract-logical analysis.Results: the research resulted in some fundamental scientific novelties such as: the scientifically grounded theoretical concept of “smart” complementarity, which makes it possible to identify the presence of specific foreign trade niches in a geographical (country, region) and commodity contexts, based on an analysis of the complementarity of trade flows at the level of a Russian region and a foreign country, and assessment of the global competitiveness of the regional economy, as well as “fine” criteria that determine the activity of participants in foreign economic activity. The applied results included a specific configuration of "smart" complementarity – the algorithm for determining promising economic specializations of the region, allowing to combine trade statistics of a foreign country with data regional statistics, indicating the presence of foreign trade potential, taking into account regional economic specializations. The developed algorithm is intended for the use in an information and analytical system to support management decisions in the field of foreign economic activity of the region.Conclusions and Relevance: the concept and configuration of «smart» complementarity in their practical implementation in the form of an information and analytical system are proposed in the article to provide the participants of foreign economic activity with data on promising export groups for selected countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. This approach allows moving the «center of gravity» of building trade and economic relations with foreign countries from the federal to the regional level.

Основные черты административного права Московского государства в XVII веке. Часть 1. Система и компетенция административных органов

The first part of the article examines the system and competence of public authorities operating in the Moscow state during the XVII century, which carried out administrative and legal regulation of public relations. Among such organs, the following are singled out and characterized: the highest organs of state power: the Tsar (Sovereign) and the Boyar Duma; the central organs of state power — prikazy; the territorial organs of the highest and central organs of state power — voevody and the command huts, formed under them; The elected organs of local self-government — guba elders, zemstvo elders, tselovalniks and the gubа and zemstvo huts, formed under them. It is noted that all these bodies combined the functions of public administration and justice. Attention is drawn to the fact that the legislation did not establish the general legal basis for the organization and activities of these organs, their administrative competence was defined in normative legal acts outside any system, incompletely and inconsistently.

Managing the modification of digital marketing and logistics under the influence of artificial intelligence

The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for determining the modification of digital marketing and logistics and the peculiarities of their management under the influence of artificial intelligence. A theoretical and methodological analysis of existing research was carried out, relevance and purposefulness of the study is substantiated on the basis of scientific generalization. It has been proven that the functioning of modern business is inextricably linked with transformations, which characterized by the intense influence of artificial intelligence. Development trends have been identified and a classification of the main artificial intelligence technologies has developed, which necessitate the need for effective management of modifications in digital marketing and logistics of modern companies. Structured indicators of the dynamics of development of digital marketing and logistics pressure the influence of artificial intelligence. It is substantiated that the penetration of artificial intelligence into the management of digital marketing and logistics of modern companies leads to their modification, which is due to the automation and optimization of business processes. An economic and statistical analysis of the interdependence of trends in the development of digital marketing and trends in the contract logistics market for the Gulf Cooperation Council was carried out. The interdependence is determined and the main prospects for the development of digital marketing and logistics are argued in the context of the impact of artificial intelligence. The results have practical value and can be used to formulate a methodology for managing modifications in digital marketing and logistics of modern companies.

Infrastructural modernization of the agro-industrial complex as the most important vector of accelerated development of rural areas

The article is devoted to the issues of socio-economic development of rural areas - one of the key performance indicators of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. The aim is to study the economic potential of rural areas, to determine the prospective directions of production and social transformation of Ushterek village of Yevgenyevsky rural district of Pavlodar region. Methods - target, hypothesis setting, strategic planning and forecasting were used to identify problem situations, setting goals and solving problems. Justification and argumentation of reasoning in the work are obtained on the basis of analytical information, including comparison, evaluation, generalization and systematization of statistical data. Results - the authors analyzed the degree of provision with social infrastructure of this region. The influence of various factors on the expansion of this sphere is investigated. The range of problems that hinder the effective activity of this sector is outlined. It is noted that the realization of the economic potential of rural areas will allow solving a number of issues of modernization of infrastructure facilities. Conclusions - the regional system of social resources should take into account the main interests of the state, aimed at improving the quality of life and welfare of the population. These are, first of all, solving the housing problem and meeting the growing needs of residents in quality housing, improving environmental conditions, strengthening the professional training of workers as a basis for increasing labor productivity and the volume of goods and services, creating guarantees of social security of rural residents. The state authorities should be interested in the development of social programs for rural areas, since the earliest solution of the set tasks is the key criterion for the retention of rural residents in rural areas, which is most important for the republic in the context of increasing rates of urbanization.

Transformative Curriculum Development Strategy (Case Study At MTsN 1 Malang City)

The purpose of this research is to identify transformative curriculum development strategies at MTsN 1 Malang City. The research method employed is a qualitative research approach. Data collection procedures used in this study include: participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. As this research utilizes a case study design, data analysis is conducted in three stages: (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) verification and conclusion drawing. The research findings include: First, formulating the goals of transformative-integrative curriculum development using the institution's vision and mission. Second, establishing the foundation for transformative-integrative curriculum development, based on the Quran, Hadith, Ijma’, and Qiyas as the specific foundations, and philosophical and juridical foundations as the general basis. Third, determining the principles of transformative-integrative curriculum development, with the main principles being relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and continuity. Fourth, defining the content of the transformative-integrative curriculum by integrating it with other curriculum such as the National curriculum, pesantren, Cambridge, and specific school curriculum to result in a transformative-integrative curriculum. Fifth, developing a transformative learning schedule; in scheduling, principles of collaboration, fairness, truth, equal distribution, and learning are applied. Sixth, realizing the transformative-integrative curriculum by implementing the PAI curriculum referring to the 2013 Curriculum, NU principles, Javanese language, Tahfidz, learning programs, and the development of students' talents, interests, and skills through extracurricular activities, entrepreneurial education, and habituation programs becoming the cultural norms in the school. Seventh, developing future-oriented learning methods. Eighth, using engaging learning media appropriate to the teaching material. Nineth, establishing collaborations with the community and stakeholders that benefit the institution. Tenth, continuously evaluating the transformative-integrative curriculum, covering three aspects: Learning Evaluation, which includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains; Curriculum Evaluation, which includes components of objectives, content, methods, facilities, and learning evaluation; and Student Achievement Evaluation, which includes academic and non-academic achievements in various competitions.

Dimension-eight operator basis for universal standard model effective field theory

We present the basis of dimension-eight operators associated with universal theories. We first derive a complete list of independent dimension-eight operators formed with the Standard Model bosonic fields characteristic of such universal new physics scenarios. Without imposing C or P symmetries the basis contains 175 operators—that is, the assumption of universality reduces the number of independent Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) coefficients at dimension eight from 44807 to 175. 89 of the 175 universal operators are included in the general dimension-eight operator basis in the literature. The 86 additional operators involve higher derivatives of the Standard Model bosonic fields and can be rotated in favor of operators involving fermions using the Standard Model equations of motion for the bosonic fields. By doing so we obtain the allowed fermionic operators generated in this class of models which we map into the corresponding 86 independent combinations of operators in the dimension-eight basis of [C. W. Murphy, Dimension-8 operators in the standard model effective field theory, .]. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Dominant activities of fear engram cells in the dorsal dentate gyrus underlie fear generalization in mice.

Over-generalized fear is a maladaptive response to harmless stimuli or situations characteristic of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders. The dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) contains engram cells that play a crucial role in accurate memory retrieval. However, the coordination mechanism of neuronal subpopulations within the dDG network during fear generalization is not well understood. Here, with the Tet-off system combined with immunostaining and two-photon calcium imaging, we report that dDG fear engram cells labeled in the conditioned context constitutes a significantly higher proportion of dDG neurons activated in a similar context where mice show generalized fear. The activation of these dDG fear engram cells encoding the conditioned context is both sufficient and necessary for inducing fear generalization in the similar context. Activities of mossy cells in the ventral dentate gyrus (vMCs) are significantly suppressed in mice showing fear generalization in a similar context, and activating the vMCs-dDG pathway suppresses generalized but not conditioned fear. Finally, modifying fear memory engrams in the dDG with "safety" signals effectively rescues fear generalization. These findings reveal that the competitive advantage of dDG engram cells underlies fear generalization, which can be rescued by activating the vMCs-dDG pathway or modifying fear memory engrams, and provide novel insights into the dDG network as the neuronal basis of fear generalization.

Principles of the victim’s representation in criminal proceedings

Based on the analysis of the provisions of criminal procedure legislation, provisions of international legal treaties, and European Union law, and on the basis of generalisation of theoretical positions of scholars, and also taking into account the proven experience of certain European States, it has been substantiated that the principle of victim representation is one of the fundamental principles of criminal proceedings. It has been proved that representation of victims in criminal proceedings is an indispensable guarantee of the principle of equality before law and court, access to justice and binding nature of court decisions, competitiveness of the parties and freedom to present their evidence to court and to prove their convincing nature before the court, etc. It has been determined that on the way to European integration, Ukraine may need to revise certain provisions of the institute of victim representation in criminal proceedings, in particular, to determine the grounds for mandatory free-of-charge participation of a victim’s representative, at least in some categories of cases. It has been argued that victim representation should be carried out in compliance with the general principles of criminal proceedings, as well as the principles of: voluntariness; legality; competence; initiative; cooperation and effective communication with other participants to criminal proceedings. It is suggested that these provisions should be used in further scientific research as a basis for reforming criminal procedure law in the context of introducing proven foreign practices into the victim representation activities. It has been determined that the prospects for further research should include the mechanisms for implementing international standards of victim representation, problematic aspects of victim representation in criminal proceedings, and the principles of representation of a witness, a civil plaintiff, and a civil defendant.

Differences in Self-Awareness of Students Who Attend Islamic and General Bases

The study aimed to find the relationship between the self-awareness of psychology students at Raden Fatah Islamic University and Sriwijaya University, Palembang. Self-awareness can be interpreted as a person's ability to understand deeply, including strengths, weaknesses, values, and feelings. The method used is quantitative with a comparative research type by collecting data using a questionnaire, then there is an independent sample T-test. The self-awareness scale is presented in the form of a Likert scale, which is distributed through a questionnaire with four response options: Very Unsuitable (STS), Not Appropriate (TS), Appropriate (S), and Very Appropriate (SS). Favorable statement items are assessed as follows: STS is given a score of 1, TS is given a score of 2, S is given a score of 3, and SS is given a score of 4. Meanwhile, the value of unfavorable statements is given the opposite value. The research results show that the overall population data of respondents consisted of N = 50, consisting of N = 25 Sriwijaya University and N = 25 UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Sriwijaya University mean value = 77.92, std. Deviation = 4.73392, std. Error Mean = 0.946788. Raden Fatah State Islamic University Palembang mean value = 79.72, std. Deviation = 6.90724, std. Error Mean = 1.38145. sig. value (2-tailed) = 0.288, while research = 5% or 0.05 means (0.288 > 0.05) it can be concluded that this study accepts H0 and rejects Ha. It can be concluded that there is no significant difference in self-aswers on Character Building in Students at Raden Fatah State Islamic University and Sriwijaya University Palembang.

ჰიდრომელიორაციის ინსტიტუციური მოწყობის საერთაშორისო მოდელები და საქართველო

At the current stage of development, special attention should be focused on maximum realization of the country's food potential. It is important for Georgia to overcome food shortage, to provide the population with affordable, diverse, harmless, high-quality and sufficient food. Industrialization of agriculture and its transformation into a high-tech industry stand as guarantee that the country will meet its food requirements. In addition, it is important to take into account that not only expansion of agricultural land is limited, but on the contrary, it is even decreasing due to escalation of urbanization process. The solution lies in the high-performance use of agricultural lands and increasing of per hectare yield. There is only one way to achieve this goal – land use efficiency. In order to make full use of land and secure high yields of agricultural crops, additional human labor and agro-cultural measures are often required to give a specific soil the properties that other soils possess under the best natural conditions. Such lands require significant improvement (melioration). The proposed paper provides an analysis of the current state of agricultural hydromelioration in Georgia. Economic innovative proposals for the use of agromelioration have been developed on the basis of generalization of international best practices. This research dwells upon the experience of foreign countries from the point of view of institutional arrangement. We tried to select the countries based on the principle that the best practices of all continents should be represented. From Latin American countries, we studied the institutional arrangement of Mexico in the field of irrigation, from the European countries – the experience of Portugal, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and Ukraine; on the Eurasian continent target country was Russia, in the Caucasus - Armenia, in Asia Minor - Turkey, in the Middle East - Israel, in Asia - China, South Korea and Japan, on the Australian continent – Australia proper. Such variegated selection showed us the specifics of institutional structures in different countries, despite their varying development histories and paths taken in the field of irrigation and drainage. From the point of view of institutional arrangement, several distinct classification markers have been identified, highlighting similarities between specific countries and allowing to group them according to these markers. In particular, we can group countries according to the type of institutional arrangement in terms of management - centralized or decentralized.

OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO THE APPLICATION OF A PREVENTIVE MEASURE IN THE FORM OF BAIL: PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems in the fulfilment of the obligations related to bail as a preventive measure based on the approaches formulated in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as to offer recommendations on how to resolve them. Methods. The general philosophical basis of the study was formed by axiological and hermeneutical approaches. In particular, the first one allowed to carry out a value analysis of the fundamental human right to liberty and to assess the impact of the amount of bail to provide an effective alternative for the restriction of this right. Meanwhile, the second made it possible to apply an in-depth study and interpretation of the legal texts of the European Court of Human Rights judgments and the national legislation. When building the system of recommendations, we used the systemic and structural method, as well as the logical research method and the method of legal modelling with. Results and conclusions. The analysis of the legal positions of the ECtHR made it possible to conditionally single out the following standards and recommendations for national judges for ensuring the legality and reasonableness of the determination the amount of bail in criminal proceedings: 1) the main purpose of bail is to ensure the appearance of a person, not to punish him or her or to create conditions for compensation for the damage caused by a criminal offence; 2) the accuracy in determining the amount of bail as an alternative to possible keeping in custody should be equal to the thoroughness in justifying the continued keeping of a person in custody; 3) if the bail is provided by the suspect/accused, the key thing to consider when determining the optimal amount of bail is his/her assets (property status) and solvency. However, if the bail is provided by another person (the bail bondsman), the relationship between the bail bondsman and the suspect/accused should be taken into account to determine the effective bail amount; 4) the extent of the damage caused by the criminal offence may be taken into account as an exception when determining the bail amount - but this cannot be applied as a general rule due to the different purpose of the bail; 5) a suspect/accused person who is being considered the possibility of being granted bail must provide the court with information that may be necessary to adequately determine the amount of potential bail and be verified for this aim; 6) the amount of bail must be substantiated in the decision of the investigating judge or court, which will serve as an important guarantee of preventing arbitrariness; 7) failure of a person to fulfil the obligation to provide bail after it has been set may be a sign that the amount of bail is excessive and disproportionate for the suspect/accused.

ЦИВІЛЬНО-ПРАВОВА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ ПЕРСОНАЛУ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ВИКОНАВЧОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ

The article analyzes the basic concepts and grounds of civil liability, both in the general sense and for the personnel of the SCES (State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine). The author reveals the content and methods of compensation for damage caused by an offense during service by persons of the rank and command staff of the SCES of Ukraine. The civil liability of persons of the rank and command staff of the SCES of Ukraine is one of the types of legal liability that arises for the commission of a civil offense, which is understood as an unlawful act or omission of a person that violates the norms of civil law or the terms of a contract, and with which the contract or law links the emergence of civil liability. According to the fact that the activities of SCES of Ukraine personnel are closely related to a wide range of different rights and obligations, and therefore they are entitled to use coercive measures of physical influence, circumstances may arise in which misconduct may result in moral, property and physical harm to certain categories of citizens. Departmental normative-legal acts do not provide for any type of legal liability other than disciplinary, especially civil liability. Therefore, when committing a criminal, administrative or civil law offense, persons of the rank and command staff of the SCES of Ukraine are liable on a general basis. It is proved that compensation for damage can be made in kind or by way of monetary compensation. This means that in case of guilt is proved, the SCES of Ukraine personnel have the opportunity to choose the type of compensation of damage. The article concludes with a definition of civil liability and outlines the ways to improve the enforcement of the rights of SCES of Ukraine personnel if it is necessary to implement the principle of compensation. Key words: staff, State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine; persons of the rank and command staff; liability; civil liability; legal liability; damage; losses; compensation for damage.

Developments in scale-up procedures for industrial dryers

The aim of dryer scale-up is to increase batch size, or throughput of a continuous process, while maintaining final moisture content, product quality, end-use properties, safety and reliability. This article reviews and updates previously published material on scale-up processes of dryers in general and individual dryer types, particularly material from a Drying Technology special issue on scale-up in 1994. This is adapted to give a basic generic theory for scale-up, applying this to various dryers and noting specific exceptions. It is demonstrated that simplifying assumptions can often be reliably made for scale-up which reduce the level of complexity for modeling compared to equipment design and performance calculations. For example, prediction of drying rate and drying time in spray and flash dryers needs a kinetic model, but for scale-up a heat balance and scaling calculation usually suffices. Approximations such as a one-third power law for drying time are often effective. It is shown that there is some theoretical basis for empirical scale-up rules that have been used by dryer manufacturers. Scale-down is also important, selecting the most appropriate conditions for small-scale tests that will correspond to the desired performance at commercial scale. The individual concepts are not new, but they have not previously been unified into a simply stated general basis for scale-up.

Здоровье населения российской Арктики: проблемы, вызовы и пути их решения

Significant lagging of the Arctic regions of Russia from the all-Russian values of life expectancy and mortality rates of people of working age is noted at the highest state level as one of the main threats to the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic and ensuring its national security. This lag is largely due to the negative impact of extreme natural and climatic environmental conditions on the health of the population working and living in the Arctic. The presented article is aimed at systematizing the problems and challenges associated with the impact of the harsh natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic on the health of the population living there, as well as finding ways to adapt the public administration system to these challenges. Based on a critical analysis of scientific literature and official statistical information, the paper identifies the health features and the process of adaptation to the natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic for different groups of the Arctic population: indigenous, old-timers and newcomers. The authors have substantiated that the most vulnerable group of the population, whose health is most negatively affected by the extreme natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic, are migrants. On the basis of generalization of problems and peculiarities of public health of the Arctic population and systematization of the experience of previous scientific research, the directions of adaptation of the public administration system of the Arctic regions to the existing challenges have been developed. These directions are based on a differentiated approach to various groups of the Arctic population: indigenous, old-timers and newcomers. According to the authors, the implementation of the directions presented in the article, as well as the creation of the most favorable socio-economic living conditions, can compensate for physiological losses and improve the health indicators of Arctic residents.

Examining the Role of Information Behavior in Linking Cancer Risk Perception and Cancer Worry to Cancer Fatalism in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Reducing cancer fatalism is essential because of its detrimental impact on cancer-related preventive behaviors. However, little is known about factors influencing individuals' cancer fatalism in China. With a general basis of the extended parallel process model, this study aims to examine how distinct cancer-related mental conditions (risk perception and worry) and different information behaviors (information seeking vs avoidance) become associated with cancer fatalism, with an additional assessment of the moderating effect of information usefulness. Data were drawn from the Health Information National Trends Survey in China, which was conducted in 2017 (N=2358). Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping methods were performed to test a moderated mediation model and hypothesized relationships. The results showed that cancer risk perception and cancer worry were positively associated with online health information seeking. In addition, cancer worry was positively related to cancer information avoidance. Moreover, online health information seeking was found to reduce cancer fatalism, while cancer information avoidance was positively associated with cancer fatalism. The results also indicated that the perceived usefulness of cancer information moderated this dual-mediation pathway. The national survey data indicate that cancer mental conditions should not be treated as homogeneous entities, given their varying functions and effects. Apart from disseminating useful cancer information to encourage individuals to adaptively cope with cancer threats, we advocate for health communication programs to reduce cancer information avoidance to alleviate fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention.