Basil Leaf Research Articles

An Analytical Framework on Utilizing Various Integrated Multi-Trophic Scenarios for Basil Production.

Here, we aim to improve the overall sustainability of aquaponic basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)-sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) integrated recirculating systems. We implement new AI methods for operational management together with innovative solutions for plant growth bed, consisting of Rapana venosa shells (R), considered wastes in the food processing industry. To this end, the ARIMA-supervised learning method was used to develop solutions for forecasting the growth of both fish and plant biomass, while multi-linear regression (MLR), generalized additive models (GAM), and XGBoost were used for developing black-box virtual sensors for water quality. The efficiency of the new R substrate was evaluated and compared to the consecrated light expended clay aggregate-LECA aquaponics substrate (H). Considering two different technological scenarios (A-high feed input, B-low feed input, respectively), nutrient reduction rates, plant biomass growth performance and additionally plant quality are analysed. The resulting prediction models reveal a good accuracy, with the best metrics for predicting N-NO3 concentration in technological water. Furthermore, PCA analysis reveals a high correlation between water dissolved oxygen and pH. The use of innovative R growth substrate assured better basil growth performance. Indeed, this was in terms of both average fresh weight per basil plant, with 22.59% more at AR compared to AH, 16.45% more at BR compared to BH, respectively, as well as for average leaf area (LA) with 8.36% more at AR compared to AH, 9.49% more at BR compared to BH. However, the use of R substrate revealed a lower N-NH4 and N-NO3 reduction rate in technological water, compared to H-based variants (19.58% at AR and 18.95% at BR, compared to 20.75% at AH and 26.53% at BH for N-NH4; 2.02% at AR and 4.1% at BR, compared to 3.16% at AH and 5.24% at BH for N-NO3). The concentration of Ca, K, Mg and NO3 in the basil leaf area registered the following relationship between the experimental variants: AR > AH > BR > BH. In the root area however, the NO3 were higher in H variants with low feed input. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in basil roots and aerial parts and the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of experimental variants revealed that the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in the BH variant (0.348% and 0.169%, respectively in the roots, 0.512% and 0.019%, respectively in the aerial parts), while the methanolic extract obtained from the roots of the same variant showed the most potent antioxidant activity (89.15%). The results revealed that an analytical framework based on supervised learning can be successfully employed in various technological scenarios to optimize operational management in an aquaponic basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)-sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) integrated recirculating systems. Also, the R substrate represents a suitable alternative for replacing conventional aquaponic grow beds. This is because it offers better plant growth performance and plant quality, together with a comparable nitrogen compound reduction rate. Future studies should investigate the long-term efficiency of innovative R aquaponic growth bed. Thus, focusing on the application of the developed prediction and forecasting models developed here, on a wider range of technological scenarios.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum Linn) Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes aegypti

Basil leaf (Ocimum sanctum Linn) are known to have the ability as natural larvicides because there are various compounds including tannins, eugenol, flavonoids, essential oils, hexauronic acid, saponins, pentose, xylose, metal homocytic acid, mulludistin, ursolic acid and methyl clavical. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of basil leaf extract (O. sanctum Linn) on mortality of Aedes agypti larvae. This research is a true experimental type with posttest only with control group design. Aedes aegypti larvae obtained from Balitbangkes Banjarnegara were used in this study as many as 450 larvae. This study consisted of 6 groups with 2 control groups (positive control/temefos 1% and negative control/distilled water) and 4 other groups receiving treatment with basil leaf extract concentrations of 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, and 2.4%. Each group contained 25 larvae of Ae. aegypti with three repetitions and observation time with 10th, 40th, 60th, 120th, 240, 720, and 1440 minute intervals. Larval mortality of Ae. aegypti occurred from the 120th minute with a concentration of 2.4% with a mortality percentage of 5.6%. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test showed that there were differences in the mortality of Ae. aegypti at 60, 120, 240, 720, and 1440 minutes. The LC50 value was 2.329% at 720 minutes while the LC90 test was 7.043% at 720 minutes. Basil leaf extract has not been effective as a larvicide because mortality occurred from the 120th minute.

Antimicrobial Effect of Basil Leaf Extract (Ocimum sanctum L.) to Preserve the Quality of Wet Noodles

Antimicrobial Effect of Basil Leaf Extract (Ocimum sanctum L.) to Preserve the Quality of Wet Noodles

Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan <em>Streptococcus pneumonia</em>e Secara <em>In Vitro</em>

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterium that causes community-acquired pneumonia. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) have antibacterial compounds. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that basil leaves contain saponins, tannins and essential oils which have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial effect of basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) on the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae . This study was conducted using the disc diffusion method, namely by soaking paper discs in basil leaf extract which had been prepared with concentration solutions of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% for 15-30 minutes, then incubated at 37oC for 24 hours, then observed. clear zone formed. The results of this study were clear zones formed at each concentration of basil leaf extract. Basil leaf extract at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75% can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the minimum inhibitory concentration is 25%.Keywords: Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.), Antibacterial, Streptococcus pneumoniae

PENGARUH METODE MASERASI DAN SOXHLETASI TERHADAP KADAR FLAVONOID EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum basilicum L)

Basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum L) is one of the plants which can be used as medicine, it can be used as an anti-microbial and an anti-free radical. Flavonoids were one of the chemical compounds in basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L). This study aimed to compare the flavonoid total content level based on extraction method variance. The extraction methods were maceration and soxhletation. Flavonoid level was measured with Spectrophotometer UV-Vis and quercetin standard. Data results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney statistical test. The results showed that the flavonoid total content level from soxhletation was 9,3106% and from maceration was 6,2756%. The statistical test result showed that the significant value <0,05 which means there was a significant difference between the flavonoid total content level from maceration and soxhletation methods.

Formulation of Hand Cream Essential Oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Leaves

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaf essential oil contains terpenoid compounds that have antibacterialactivity. This study aims to obtain hand cream preparations of basil essential oil, as well as to determinethe effect of concentration variation of liquid paraffin on the results of the evaluation of the preparation.In this study, three formulations of hand cream preparations of basil essential oil were made withthree variations in the concentration of liquid paraffin, namely F1 (9%), F2 (10%), and F3 (11%).Furthermore, the preparation was evaluated for 28 days at room temperature (15-300C) and humidity(60-80%) which included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, and type of emulsion.The results showed that formulas F1, F2, and F3 met all the requirements of organoleptic, pH, viscosity,homogeneity, spreadability, and type of emulsion. The results of the statistical analysis showed thatvariations in liquid paraffin concentrations had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the evaluation ofviscosity and did not significantly affect the evaluation of organoleptic, evaluation of pH, evaluation ofhomogeneity, evaluation of spreadability, and evaluation of emulsion type.

Effect of biofertilizers on leaf yield, nitrate amount, mineral content and antioxidants of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture

Hydroponics is one of the systems in agriculture which reinforce productivity by controlling environmental and growing conditions. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three bio-fertilizers, namely bacteria, micro-algae, and mycorrhiza, on basil leaf yield and quality (Ocimum basilicum L.) in a floating culture system. Soil has rich amounts of beneficial microorganisms, supporting plant nutrition, producing phytohormones, controlling phytopathogens, and improving soil structure. However, soilless culture usually contains no beneficial microorganisms if we do not include them in the system. This study aims to evaluate the response of three bio-fertilizers where mineral fertilizers are reduced by 50%. Considering the total harvest data, bacteria, mycorrhiza, and micro-algae treatments increased basil yield compared to 50% control by about 18.94%, 13.94%, and 5.72%, respectively. The maximum total yield and leaf area were recorded using bacteria with 2744 g m−2 and 1528 cm2 plant−1. Plants with mycorrhiza achieved the highest number of leaves and branches, with 94.3 leaves plant−1 and 24.50 branches plant−1, respectively. It was observed that this bio-fertilizer increased the formation of lateral branches in the basil plant without thickening its stems. In addition, bacteria and mycorrhiza induced the highest percentage of dry matter and total soluble solids. The effect of bio-fertilizers on basil leaf EC and pH was insignificant for all the treatments at different harvest periods (p < 0.05). Using bio-fertilizers enhanced the intake of nutrients N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), and Cu (copper). Using bio-fertilizers represents a promising and environmentally friendly approach to increasing crop yields and ameliorating quality and antioxidant compounds with fewer resources. An application of bio-fertilizers in hydroponic cultivation of basil cv. ‘Dino’ reduced the need for mineral fertilizers. At the same time, bio-fertilizers affected an increased plant yield and improved product quality. Furthermore, the bacteria had a pronounced enhancing effect on the increase of phenol and flavonoids in the leaves of basil plants.

Comparison of Antifungal Susceptibility Basil Leaves Extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn.), Eugenol, and Nystatin against Isolates of Candida spp. as Important Agent causing Oral Candidiasis in HIV/AIDS Patient

Background: Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by Candida sp. in areas of the oral mucosa that are often found in HIV/AIDS patients. Increased antifungal resistance, it was important to find new antifungal candidates, especially from natural ingredients, basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) which had major compound of eugenol that had an antifungal effect in inhibiting of Candida sp. Purpose: To evaluate the comparison of the antifungal susceptibility of nystatin, basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) and eugenol against isolates of Candida sp. Methods: This study examined the comparison of the antifungal susceptibility of nystatin 100 IU, basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) with doses equivalent to 800 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL eugenol, and eugenol 800 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL against 40 stored isolates of Candida sp. from the oral cavity of HIV/AIDS patient which was reactivated. Result: The mean inhibition zone of nystatin for all isolates was 22.98 mm, while the mean inhibition zone of eugenol with doses of 800 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL were 17.07 mm and 15.89 mm, and the mean inhibition zone of basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) with doses equivalent to 800 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL eugenol are 14.87 mm and 14.01 mm. The inhibition zone of basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) and eugenol was significantly lower than nystatin (p = 0.001; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The zone of inhibition of nystatin was significantly higher compared to basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum Linn.) and eugenol against Candida albicans and Candida non-albicans isolates.

Phenotyping of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) illuminated with UV-A light of different wavelengths and intensities

The effects of light on plants depend on the energy dose and spectral characteristics. We investigated how UV-A radiation with two different wavelengths, 365 and 385 nm, combined at different intensities as supplemental light to red-blue baseline illumination affects growth and selected physiological and biochemical traits of green leaf basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Conventional physiological measurements and biochemical analyses of photosynthetic pigments and phenolics were combined with high-throughput phenotyping. We did not detect any negative effects of UV-A on plant growth and photosynthetic functions, even at high doses of short-wave UV-A. Furthermore, thylakoid processes were enhanced under UV-A, as evidenced by higher electron transport rates and increased photochemical efficiency. The increase in anthocyanin index (ARI) indicates the UV-screening response. However, no anthocyanins were detected in the leaves, and the only phenolic compounds that responded to UV-A were hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, which have a dual function in responding to UV-A (UV protection and antioxidants). UV-A increased the pool of xanthophyll cycle pigments and their ratio to chlorophylls. All this prevents photoinhibition and contributes to a high plasticity/efficiency of the basil's response to light environment.

Feasibility of Gel Mask Peel Off Basil Leaves for Acne-Prone Facial Skin

Basil leaf peel off gel mask as one of the basic ingredients of traditional cosmetics for acne-prone facial skin care. This study aims a) to determine the content of flavonoids, tannins and vitamin C contained in the basil leaf peel off gel mask b) find out the feasibility of the basil peel off gel mask in terms of texture, aroma, adhesion (organoleptic test) and panelist preferences (hedonic test). This research uses quantitative methods of pre-experiment method type. The place and time of the study was conducted at the FMIPA Laboratory and the Cosmetology and Beauty Laboratory of FPP UNP in January 2022. The object of study is basil leaves.The data sources used were 7 panelists, namely 1 beauty doctor, 1 chemical analyst, lecturer and 3 Cosmetology and Beauty students who had passed the cosmethodology course. The results of the analysis were obtained in kemngi leaves per 100gr of flavonoid content as much as 0.00104%, tannins as much as 0.0089% and vitamin C as much as 0.158%. Judging from the results of organoleptic tests on the texture aspect, the ratio of 10g: 2.5g got the highest score, namely 57.1% in the condensed category, in the aroma aspect the ratio of 15g: 2.5g got the highest score of 71.4% in the flavored category, at the closeness of the ratio of 10g: 2.5g got the highest score of 57.10% in the adhesive category and the panelists' favorability in the ratio of 10g: 2.5g got the highest score of 57.10% in the like category. The results of this study can be used as preliminary data for the next researchers in examining this problem regarding the basil leaf peel off gel mask to be further refined.

A Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Eugenol, Linalool and Fatty Acid Composition in Basil Leaves.

Eugenol and linalool are often the most abundant volatile compounds found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L., Lamiaceae) leaves, and they are interesting for the aroma they provide and for their numerous beneficial bioactivities. Their determination is thus needed for several purposes. In the present study, to avoid the previous isolation of essential oil, the direct solvent extraction is proposed coupled with a transmethylation to convert acyl lipids into fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs), thus assessing the possible simultaneous analysis of eugenol and linalool with FAMEs by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The method has been validated and applied to ten basil leaves samples in which eugenol and linalool were found in mean concentrations of 2.80 ± 0.15 and 1.01 ± 0.04 g kg-1 (dry weight), respectively. FAMEs composition was dominated by linolenic acid (52.1-56.1%) followed by palmitic acid (19.3-22.4%) and linoleic acid (9.6-11.3%). The ratio of n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)/n3-PUFAs was in the range of 0.17-0.20 in the investigated samples. The proposed method exploits a rapid procedure requiring 40 min, making use of a small amount of solvent and allowing the simultaneous determination of molecules contributing to assess the quality of this worldwide appreciated herb.

Fabrication and characterization of a pH-sensitive indicator film by purple basil leaves extract to monitor the freshness of chicken fillets

This research aimed to fabricate an intelligent film using bovine gelatin and purple basil leaf extract (PBLE). Then the application of the film was investigated to monitor the freshness of chicken fillets. The films were prepared by casting the bovine gelatin solution (75 g/L) with glycerol (30% of dried gelatin) on glass plates and were dried under controlled conditions. PBLE was incorporated into gelatin films (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg anthocyanin from PBLE/kg dried gelatin), and the film characteristics, including physicochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthocyanin release, and color variations due to pH change, were investigated. The results indicated that the films containing PBLE had a higher thickness, solubility, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity than the control film. The addition of extract improved the antibacterial activity of gelatin films. The release kinetics study showed that the release of anthocyanin from the film was slow, and after 200 min, about 26% of the total anthocyanin content was released from the film. The fabricated films indicated significant color changes from purple to green as pH changed from 4 to 9. The pH-sensitive indicator film also changed from purple to green with TVB-N development (from 8 to 38 mg/100 g) during the storage period of chicken fillets. Therefore, the bovine gelatin-based film containing PBLE can be used as a freshness indicator of chicken fillets.

Antimicrobial active packaging based on PVA/Starch films incorporating basil leaf extracts

The current work focuses on the development of PVA/starch films incorporated basil leaf water extract as an antimicrobial agent. The mechanical properties, contact angle studies, antimicrobial, and packaging studies were conducted. All films after the addition of basil leaf extracts maintained the tensile strengths and were comparable to neat PVA/starch films. The antimicrobial tests showed excellent inhibition against the two tested pathogens- S. aureus and E. coli. The packaging films developed were tested for the storage of fresh green chillies for 7 days, and it showed that the chillies wrapped in films containing basil extract resulted in better maintenance of freshness compared to unpacked ones. The results of the current work suggest that these films developed can be successfully used for the packaging of delicate vegetables and fruits.

The Detection of Self-Similar/Branching Processes in Complex Biological Systems: Analysis of the Temporal Evolution of Impedance Measurements in Tulsi (Holy Basil) Leaves "Ocimumtenuiflorum".

In this paper, a theoretical model has been proposed for the first time to illustrate the living Tulsi (Holy Basil) leaf evolution in describing the branching systems in the intermediate range of frequencies. The proposed fitting function following the applied model portrays the whole stages of the temporal evolution of Tulsi (Holy Basil, "Ocimumtenuiflorum") leaf during the six days of impedance measurements with a high degree of accuracy (with fitting error less than 0.1 percent). The developed fitting parameter enables to identify the three stages of temporal evaluation of the Tulsi leaf as "vital leaf activity" (first stage), "quasi-chaotic behaviour" (second stage), and the "dying" (third stage). The theoretical model proposed in this work incorporated a fractal element having complex conjugated power law of exponents and a fractal element with a time lagged branching process. This novel approach introduces an additional degree of freedom over the previously proposed impedance models in terms of its imaginary part of complex conjugated power-law exponent. Further, it increases flexibility and versatility in accurately modeling the behavioral variations of complex branching systems, whose seemingly nondeterministic temporal nature had been considered earlier as counterintuitive and random. The incorporation of branching processes in comprehensively explaining the complex biological systems allows us to gain a deeper insight into the transfer of charge processes in the intermediate range of available frequency scales. Furthermore, the proposed model validates the presence of new fractal elements with a complex conjugated power law of exponents in naturally occurring biological processes. The experimental confirmation can play a key role in explaining a wide class of branching processes in complex systems and enrich the modern theory of fractional calculus.

Transversal strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resin plate in immersion with leaf extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Transverse strength is the resistance of the denture base to the load, pressure, and thrust when the mouth is functioning and is also influenced by some chemicalsas solvents, such as those contained in food, beverages and denture cleaning materials. This study was intended to determine the transverse strength of heat polymerized acrylic resin (HPAR) in a solution of basil leaf extract. The experimental design of this study was a post-test only control group with a sample size of 24 which was divided into 4 groups. Samples were soaked in sterile distilled water for 24 hours and then immersed in a solution of 25%, 50%, and 75% basil leaf extract, as well as sterile aquadest; for 8 days. The transverse strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way Anova and tested with least significant difference (p&lt;0.05). The results showed that the transverse strength of the HPAR plate immersed in basil leaf extract decreased at a concentration of 25% and 50% and the lowest was at a concentration of 75%. It was concluded that basil leaf extract could decrease the transverse strength of HPAR.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum) on the number of M2 Macrophages in the Kidneys of Mice (Mus musculus) Using the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) Method

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a problem in nephrology with a fairly high incidence rate, the final condition of CKD is the presence of kidney fibrosis in the tubulointerstitial region depending on the polarization of macrophages. Basil antioxidant efficacious leaves can prevent damage to tubular cells in animals.Objective: To determine the effect of giving basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) on the amount of M2 macrophages in mice (Mus musculus) with the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction method.Methods: This research use an experimental study using a posttest only with randomized controlled group design.Results: Data on administration of basil leaf extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) to mice can reduce damage to the kidneys analyzed using LSD test obtained p value (0.000 &lt;0.005). The amount of M2 macrophages in mice given basil ethanol extract with the largest dose was 24 mg /20grBW compared to the administration of basil ethanol extract at a dose of 12 mg/20grBW and 48mg/20grBW.Conclusion: Administration of basil leaves extract (Ocimum basilicum L. ) in mice can reduce damage to the kidneys.

Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethiopian Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaf and Flower Oil Extracts.

The occurrence of multidrug resistant pathogenic microbes has initiated the development of natural antimicrobial agents from plants. Oils from herbal sources have drawn scientific interest due to their potential source of bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to examine the physicochemical and biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the oil extracted from basil leaves and flowers. The physicochemical properties of the oil extracts were measured based on oil yield, specific gravity, acid value, free fatty acids and peroxide values whilst the antioxidant activities were assessed by ascorbic acid, DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activities. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted based on disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The result of antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum indicated significantly higher DPPH (86.45%) for leaf oil extract. The strongest antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (15.47 mm), minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (0.09 μg/ml), and corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (0.19 μg/ml) was exhibited by the flower oil extract against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-25923. The strongest antifungal activity with maximum zone of inhibition (15.90 mm), MIC (0.125 μg/ml, the least value), and minimum fungicidal concentration MFC (0.09 μg/ml) were recorded for leaf oil against Candida albicans. It can be concluded from the present study that the sweet basil flower and leaf oil extracts can be potential antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agents.

Effects of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Leaf Extract (BLE) on Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of the Meat of Broiler Chickens

Effects of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Leaf Extract (BLE) on Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stability of the Meat of Broiler Chickens

The Effectiveness of Various Aromatic Vegetable Extracts to Control Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) Pests in Chili

Chili is one of the most valuable horticultural commodities, yet production is declining year after year. Fruit fly pests, which cause losses of 30-60%, are a stumbling block to growing chili production. Several types of aromatic vegetable extracts were used in this investigation, including clove leaves, babadotan, citronella leaves, and basil leaves, all of which have been found to contain methyl eugenol components. The goals of this study were to find the most efficient form of aromatic vegetable extract for usage as a fruit fly pest attractant and to see how different aromatic vegetable extracts affected the intensity of fruit fly pests. The treatments were set up in a completely random order and were repeated three times. Planting chilies, creating aromatic vegetable extracts, making traps, deploying traps in the field, estimating the number of trapped fruit fly populations, and finally assessing the results were all part of this study. P1 = clove leaf extract, P2 = babadotan leaf extract, P3 = citronella leaf extract, and P4 = basil leaf extract are the therapies that will be provided. Bactrocera dorsalis was identified as the captured fruit fly species. The clove leaf extract treatment had the most fruit flies captured (35.67), while the babadotan leaf extract had the least (29.76), but none of the treatments were substantially different

The formulation of the basil (Ocimum Basilicum Linn) leaf juiced ointment as a liniment

Basil is traditional medicinal plants found a lot of in Indonesia. Basil leaves affication as analgetic, antiinflamantory, bacteria and antioxidant. This study aims to make an ointment stock that fulfills the requirements of preparation, knowing the physical properties of basil (Ocimum sanctum L) leaf juice. This research is an experimental research by making and evaluating basil leaves ointment preparations. The result of this research is that the juice of basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L) containing the flavanoid compounds, tannins, and steroids and can be made as ointment stock that fulfill the requirements of physical properties evaluation. The organoleptic test included color, odor, and texture, from the three bases, it showed that the different types of basil leaf-squeezed ointment bases caused differences in the strength of the ointment preparations, while the color showed clear white and green. In the pH test, the three preparations had a pH of 5, the pH met the requirements for the pH of the topical preparation, which is between 4 – 6 which is the same as the normal pH of the skin. The homogeneity test of the three preparations showed that the preparations were homogeneous (no coarse lumps). The dispersion test has a dispersion of FI 3,5 cm, FII 5 cm, FIII 5,2 cm. Meanwhile the adhesion test is 4 seconds, 4,30 seconds, and 4,50 seconds. Keywords : Basil leaves, Evaluation tests, Ointments