Basic User Research Articles

Social robot detection based on user behavioral representation

Social robots aim to facilitate our lives by mimicking our behaviors to deliver information and interact with us. Unfortunately, some social robots are bred for sinister intention, which often spread fake news, even threatening personal and national security. To effectively detect these robots, some existing works utilize basic user attributes for clustering, such as creation time and other information, but ignore the behavioral features of social robots, which are important a priori information for detection, and their absence leads to poor performance. To address this problem, we construct the Social Robot Behavior Detection model, which employs social robots' behavioral habits in disseminating content. Specifically, our method consists of three parts. First, to accurately characterize news, we analyze news features from multiple views, which facilitates representing users' habits of posting news. Second, a novel aggregation strategy is designed for aggregating user features to obtain accurate user representation. Finally, a classifier is used to detect whether user is social robots or not. We conduct analytical experiments on two public datasets, and the results show that our model has better detection performance, which demonstrates that our approach outperforms existing works on social robot detection. Our source code is available at https://github.com/NPURG/SRDB.

A Beginner Book For Arabic Basic User: Analysys Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyah Book Chapter One Based On CEFR Standart

<em>The Arabic textbook MI Grade 1 KSKK is a book published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs in the context of implementing KMA Number 183 of 2019 concerning the PAI Curriculum and Arabic Language in Madrasas. This article presents the results of the analysis of MI Class 1 KSKK Arabic textbooks using CEFR standards. CEFR stands for Common European Framework of Reference established by the Council of Europe in 2001 as a response to the importance of learning foreign languages in order to use them in everyday transactions, be it social, interaction and information transfer. The purpose of this article is to find out the description of the MI Class I Arabic textbook, then at what level is this book in the CEFR standard and how are the CEFR principles contained in it. In its writing, this article uses a literature research method (literature review) with a content analysis approach, where researchers analyze all the material in this MI Class 1 Arabic textbook. The results showed that the Arabic textbooks of MI grade 1 KSKK were categorized in levels A1 and A2 based on CEFR standards. In addition, this book has also fulfilled CEFR principle 6, including language activities, language processes, text, domain, language learning strategies, and language tasks.</em>

Exploring Digital Proficiency Among Mothers of School-going Children in Kerala

Early exposure to social and digital media in this digital age greatly influences children’s lives, leading to an increasing number of parents and educators becoming concerned about the potential negative effects of excessive screen time. By investigating mothers’ digital competencies as informal educators, this study fills a significant research gap. The paper emphasises women as mentors, highlighting their responsibility to supervise and guide their children’s use of digital devices in an era of pervasive connectedness. Using a modified version of the DigCompEdu framework, the study focuses on two essential elements: empowering children; and fostering their understanding of digital competence areas. A thousand homemakers from two wards of the Kochi Corporation area in the Ernakulam district, Kerala, India are included in the study. Discriminant analysis is used to identify four important skill areas that demonstrate significant group differences – between Novice, Basic, Independent, and Proficient user groups. Results imply that tailoring digital literacy programs to mothers’ varying proficiency levels can enhance their ability to navigate digital parenting effectively. Additionally, integrating sociodemographic factors into interventions can ensure relevance and efficacy in addressing digital competence disparities among mothers.

Comparing the linkage performance of fastLink, Match*Pro and Splink at the Florida Cancer Registry using simulated pseudopeople data

ObjectivesThe objective was to compare the record linkage performance of fastLink, Match*Pro, and Splink using realistic simulated "Rhode Island" data from the Python package pseudopeople. A requirement was no expected wrong matches (false positives, FP) after a limited manual review. ApproachWe incorporated custom noise on (a) Social Security Number (SSN) and (b) address. We first used high-quality data where SSN was available and then low-quality data where SSN was unavailable. Missed matches (false negatives, FN) were acceptable. We used an iterative process of determining the “appropriate” match threshold and the correct matches (true positives, TP). ResultsThe two analysis datasets, df1 and df2, resulted in 660,227 actual matches and 9,987 actual non-matches. The specified match threshold probability was 0.995 for fastLink, 0.999999999 for Splink, and about 0.99 for Match*Pro. When SSN was available, the (rounded) results were: Splink 627,000 TP (4 FP), fastLink 577,000 TP (15 FP), and Match*Pro 436,000 TP (4 FP) in the default frequency-based EpiLink-like option; the EM option crashed. When SSN was unavailable, the results were: Splink 579,000 TP (3 FP), fastLink 582,000 TP (137 FP), and Match*Pro 442,000 TP (3 FP); the EM option had 516,000 TP (442 FP). The fastLink developers are working on adding Active Learning. ConclusionOverall, Splink and fastLink performed better than Match*Pro. A likely explanation is that only Splink and fastLink provide match probability and are open source. Splink (Python) and fastLink (R) require basic user programming skills. The results will be updated once the final report has been approved.

Lightweight ring-neighbor-based user authentication and group-key agreement for internet of drones

As mobile internet and Internet of Things technologies continue to advance, the application scenarios of peer-to-peer Internet of Drones (IoD) are becoming increasingly diverse. However, the development of IoD also faces significant challenges, such as security, privacy protection, and limited computing power, which require technological innovation to overcome. For group secure communication, it is necessary to provide two basic services, user authentication and group key agreement. Due to the limited storage of IoD devices, group key negotiation requires lightweight calculations, and conventional schemes cannot satisfy the requirements of group communication in the IoD. To this end, a new lightweight communication scheme based on ring neighbors is presented in this paper for IoD, which not only realizes the identity verification of user and group key negotiation, but also improves computational efficiency on each group member side. A detailed security analysis substantiates that the designed scheme is capable of withstanding attacks from both internal and external adversaries while satisfying all defined security requirements. More importantly, in our proposal, the computational cost on the user side remains unaffected by the variability of the number of members participating in group communication, as members communicate in a non-interactive manner through broadcasting. As a result, the protocol proposed in this article demonstrates lower computational and communication costs in comparison to other cryptographic schemes. Hence, this proposal presents a more appealing approach to lightweight group key agreement protocol with user authentication for application in the IoD.

Sensor-Enhanced Smart Gripper Development for Automated Meat Processing.

Grasping and object manipulation have been considered key domains of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) since the beginning of automation, as they are the most common interactions between systems, or a system and its environment. As the demand for automation is spreading to increasingly complex fields of industry, smart tools with sensors and internal decision-making become necessities. CPS, such as robots and smart autonomous machinery, have been introduced in the meat industry in recent decades; however, the natural diversity of animals, potential anatomical disorders and soft, slippery animal tissues require the use of a wide range of sensors, software and intelligent tools. This paper presents the development of a smart robotic gripper for deployment in the meat industry. A comprehensive review of the available robotic grippers employed in the sector is presented along with the relevant recent research projects. Based on the identified needs, a new mechatronic design and early development process of the smart gripper is described. The integrated force sensing method based on strain measurement and magnetic encoders is described, including the adjacent laboratory and on-site tests. Furthermore, a combined slip detection system is presented, which relies on an optical flow-based image processing algorithm using the video feed of a built-in endoscopic camera. Basic user tests and application assessments are presented.

Enhancing image sentiment analysis: A user-centered approach through user emotions and visual features

To bridge the gap between user understanding of emotions and image representation, this paper amalgamated a variety of user features to formulate an image sentiment analysis model. Through controlled user experiments, participants were engaged in discerning sentiment from abstract painting images. User visual features were derived from eye-tracking data collected during the experiment. This paper employed the FFM (Five Factor Model) and POMS (Profile of Mood States) methodologies to gather personality and mood data, which were utilized as user emotional features. Additionally, fundamental components of abstract painting were captured as basic image features. By synergizing features across these three dimensions, the study introduced the "User-Feature-Enhanced-Image-Sentiment-Model" (UFE-ISM) for image sentiment recognition. The research findings underscore the model's superior performance in sentiment classification on abstract painting. Notably, both basic image features and user visual features exhibited significant contributions to the image sentiment classification model.

Facial adult female acne in China: An analysis based on artificial intelligence over one million.

To further clarify the acne profile of Chinese adult women, we included 1,156,703 adult women. An artificial intelligence algorithm was used to analyze images taken by high-resolution mobile phones to further explore acne levels in Chinese adult women. In this study, we assessed the severity of acne by evaluating patients' selfies through a smartphone application. Furthermore, we gathered basic user information through a questionnaire, including details such as age, gender, skin sensitivity, and dietary habits. This study showed a gradual decrease in acne severity from the age of 25 years. A trough was reached between the ages of 40 and 44, followed by a gradual increase in acne severity. In terms of skin problems and acne severity, we have found that oily skin, hypersensitive skin, frequent makeup application and unhealthy dietary habits can affect the severity of acne. For environment and acne severity, we observed that developed city levels, cold seasons and high altitude and strong radiation affect acne severity in adult women. For the results of the AI analyses, the severity of blackheads, pores, dark circles and skin roughness were positively associated with acne severity in adult women. AI analysis of high-res phone images in Chinese adult women reveals acne severity trends. Severity decreases after 25, hits a low at 40-44, then gradually rises. Skin type, sensitivity, makeup, diet, urbanization, seasons, altitude, and radiation impact acne. Blackheads, pores, dark circles, and skin roughness are linked to acne severity. These findings inform personalized skincare and public health strategies for adult women.

A textbook task analysis based on the CEFR mediation scale of basic user

A textbook task analysis based on the CEFR mediation scale of basic user

Critical Task Need Analysis of English for Room Division Department of Hospitality Industry: Internship Students’ Reflection

English for hospitality workers is mostly used in the room division where this section is directly related to guests that includes the realm of housekeeping and front office work. In this study, it will be discussed how the needs analysis of the use of English is taken from the learner approach to the task approach. The purpose of the study is for ensuring that language instruction is relevant, efficient, and tailored to the specific requirements of the hospitality industry, ultimately contributing to the success of both employees and the hotel itself. This research is a mixed method research that uses 74 internship students and 5 hotel workers in the field of human resources as research samples. In this study, it was found that the needs of learners that are important to consider at the beginning are subjective and objective needs, related to their attitudes towards English and their own needs. In the task approach, the learning level is divided according to the target task and task type (basic user, intermediate user, and proficient user) and then the pedagogical aspects are analyzed where students in getting learning should be with authentic and communicative materials and student-centered. In addition, from interview of hotel worker, hotel workers recognize English language proficiency as a fundamental skill that enhances their effectiveness, job satisfaction, and career prospects in the dynamic and diverse hospitality industry

Additively manufactured vacuum grippers for the flexible handling and assembly of hairpin coils in electric motor production

Hairpin technology has recently become the predominant winding technology for the manufacturing of stators used in electric traction motors. In contrast to conventional winding techniques, the manufacturing process chain is based on rectangular wire which is bent into a three-dimensional U-shape – so-called hairpin coils. These hairpin coils have to be individually gripped and assembled to form the stator winding. There can be hundreds of hairpin coils in a single stator, which can also differ in shape. Therefore, gripping and moving the individual hairpin coils is a challenging task in terms of flexibility and cycle time. This paper presents an approach to meet the outlined requirements using additively manufactured vacuum grippers. A concept is investigated in which the vacuum is generated in a conventional vacuum ejector and fed to the vacuum gripper via hose lines. In contrast, the concept of a functionally integrated vacuum gripper manufactured by a new laser-sintering process with automated continuous fibre reinforcement is presented. Based on the laser-sintering process, a lightweight vacuum gripper with an integrated vacuum ejector can be manufactured in a single process step without additional costs for purchased parts. After a review of the state of the art in both hairpin-specific and additively manufactured lightweight grippers, experimental test series are carried out concerning the vacuum quality and the grip strength of the different vacuum gripper designs. Pull-off tests show that high holding forces of several Newtons are possible proving the basic usability of vacuum grippers for hairpins, even though the achievable vacuum quality of the functionally integrated vacuum gripper is lower than that of the conventional ejector. Comparison of the novel approaches with a conventional mechanical hairpin gripper regarding weight, production costs and production time show promising improvements.

Software system for contactless text input based on computer vision

Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of contactless human-computer interaction. The task of entering text from an optimized on-screen keyboard using cursor control based on data received from a video camera is considered, including if the user has motor impairments. A software system consisting of two applications is proposed for cursor control and text input based on computer vision algorithms. A diagram of the system operation and interaction of components and basic user settings are presented. As a result, testing was carried out using a focus group, in which participants had to enter free text using the proposed software system. Experiments have shown the functionality of the system.

EOG Based Eye Blink Detection using VB GUI for Eye Writing Applications

Usage of bio-signals from Electro-Oculo-Gram (EOG) in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) systems is one of the burgeoning study areas as of now. In order to provide support for physically challenged persons (or keypad Contactless HCI) in operating basic computer functions without making any physical touch with the computer keypad or mouse, we propose a framework utilization concept that changes movement of cursor on the computer screen using virtual keypad based on Visual Basic Graphical User Interface (VB GUI) with the eye movement detection through webcam of the system for different computer functions. In this work, VB GUI platform is used for a web browsing application and corresponding platform operation steps have been included. With the VB GUI, the basic cursor movements in the directions of left, right, up, and down to access the web links on the web page which is treated as eye writing in the concept of human computer interaction. Similarly, we can access different computer Apps such as MS-Doc, XL sheets, Audio and video files etc. Further, this paper focus is on prototype development of different home automation system applications.

Data Management Plan Tools: Overview and Evaluation

Data Management Plans (DMPs) are crucial for a structured research data management and often a mandatory part of research proposals. DMP tools support the development of DMPs. Among the variety of tools available, it can be difficult for researchers, data stewards and institutions to choose the one that is most appropriate for their specific needs and context. We evaluated 18 DMP tools according to 31 requirement parameters covering aspects relating to basic functions, DMP contents, technical aspects and user friendliness. The highest total evaluation scores were reached by Data Stewardship Wizard (703.5), DMPTool (615.5) and RDMO NFDI4Ing (549.5). The tools evaluated satisfied between 10 % and 87 % of the requirement parameters. 11 tools cover at least half of the parameters. In terms of correlation among the tools, which indicates to which degree their scores in the different requirement parameters are alike, we found the highest correlation for ezDMP and GFBio DMPT. Regarding the relatedness between the tools, 85 % of the DMP tools were positively and 16 % negatively correlated. Accounting for the recent developments in the area of DMP tools, this study provides an up-to-date evaluation that can support tool developers in identifying potential improvements, and hosting institutions to select a tool suited to their specific needs.

Afijación: factor esencial para la Competencia Comunciativa

Introducción English language gives great advantages to speakers of any language that is why this is studied worldwide. One of the most important elements when studying English is its morphological structures which contribute to the communicative competence. Morphological features of words such as affix frequency may provide semantic cues that can help in the learning of new words. Therein, regular inflection applies by grammatical rules, such as addition of -ed to the word stems for English past tense. Irregular inflection, in contrast, is less predictable and comprises various alternations of the word form (e.g., sleep – slept). Understanding of affix knowledge development is of great importance for both researchers and practitioners, since it might shed light on the process of vocabulary acquisition and the role of affix knowledge in reading. Competence is what speakers do with the language so that communicative competence is the know-how of the language. It may be affected by the situational context. The common European Framework for references for languages (CEFR) includes 3 levels of language competences; basic user, independent users and competent users. Communicative approaches toward language learning and teaching suggest that the purpose of language subject is to develop learners’ communication and interaction ability. To sum up morphological structures which can be regular or irregular truly benefit the development of the speakers´ communicative competence. Objetivos The aim of the research was to determine the influence of affixation in the communicative competence of the students from the English Program at Technical University of Ambato. The specific objectives were focused on the identification of the prefixes and suffixes that denote opposition, pluralization, meaning and grammatical categories. Another specific objective has to do with the recognition of communicative competence elements such as linguistic and translinguistic. Método This was quantitative research due to all the items were transferred into numerical data to get percentages and tendencies. Bars and charts were used to show the data obtained from the survey. Additionally, the research had a descriptive focus with the application of a validated survey (Alpha de Cronbach 0.801) that included a pilot administration of the survey. The survey consisted of 21 closed questions applied to 100 students from the English Program at Technical University of Ambato. Principales resultados The results portrayed that 59% of students state that teachers always used morphological structures constructed by <-ed> to change the verb tenses into past in words like work and worked. On the other hand, 73% of students maintain that teachers never the verb suffix such as <-en> in words like shorten as well as the suffixes that form plurals based on other languages structures such as cactus and cacti. In the same path, 61% of students state that teacher never use prefixes for word meaning as <mono-> in words like monolingual and prefixes that express the opposite as <im-> in words like impolitic. Additionally, 49% of pupils think that teachers frequently use prefixes to form nouns such as <-ment> in words like achievement. 52% of students admit that teachers rarely use suffixes to make to change word into adverbs for instance <-ly>, <-wise>, <-ward> in words as rapidly, likewise or toward. Conclusiones The morphological structures rarely used by teachers and students are the ones that denote opposition, prefixes that give meaning to words and formation of plural in reference to other languages. Additionally, the morphological structures with more difficulty are the derivational morphemes such as formation of plurals that are originated from other languages as cactus and cacti, suffixes that express opposition as impolitic, dissimilar; suffixes that imply meaning as monolingual or biotechnology, verb suffixes like shorten, and adverb suffixes like rapidly. Very important to mention that morphological structures promote the development of linguistic and translinguistic elements of any language since they are connected to the increasing of vocabulary which is the building block of a language. The study of morphological structures must be part of teachers’ knowledge so learning takes place during lessons.

Research on Consumer Behavior Prediction Based on E-commerce Data Analysis

The user behavior log of e-commerce platform contains a wide range of data, which can be roughly divided into three types: user basic information, merchant information and user behavior information. Behavioral information includes clicks, favorites, shopping carts and purchases. Because of the asymmetry of online shopping information, the virtuality of trading environment, the incomplete perception of goods and the unsynchronization of trading process, consumers are faced with many uncertainties in the process of online shopping. According to the specific research problems, this paper applies the real consumer behavior data in the e-commerce data platform to build a model to predict consumer behavior. The consumer behavior sequence and other characteristics are analyzed by two machine learning methods respectively. First, the consumer behavior sequence based on time sequence is analyzed. Add the obtained probability value as a new feature to other feature sets as the input of NB (Naive Bayes) model, and train the model to get the probability of whether consumers will buy, and then get the final judgment result of the model. The results show that the fusion model has a balanced performance for consumer behavior sequences with different lengths, and its accuracy can be kept at around 0.9. The research on the problems raised in this paper can also be extended to other fields.

Gait analysis algorithm for lower limb rehabilitation robot applications

Abstract. When patients with lower limb dyskinesia use robots for rehabilitation training, gait parameters are of great significance for disease diagnosis and rehabilitation evaluation. Gait measurement is usually carried out by using optical motion capture systems, pressure plates and so on. However, it is difficult to apply these systems to lower limb rehabilitation robots due to their high price, limited scope and wearing requirements. At the same time, most of the current applications in robots focus on the basic gait parameters (such as step length and step speed) for robot control or user intention recognition. Therefore, this paper proposes an online gait analysis algorithm for lower limb rehabilitation robots, which uses a lidar sensor as the gait data acquisition sensor. The device is installed on the lower limb rehabilitation robot, which not only avoids the problems of decline in the detection accuracy and failure of leg tracking caused by lidar placement on the ground, but it also calculates seven gait parameters, such as step length, stride length, gait cycle and stance time, with high precision in real time. At the same time, the walking track of the patient may not be straight, and the lidar coordinate system is also changed due to the movement of the lower limb rehabilitation robot when the patient moves forward. In order to overcome this situation, a spatial parameter-splicing algorithm based on a time series is proposed to effectively reduce the error impact on gait spatiotemporal parameters. The experimental results show that the gait analysis algorithm proposed in this paper can measure the gait parameters effectively and accurately. Except for the swing time and double support time, which are calculated with large relative errors due to their small values, the relative errors of the remaining gait parameters are kept below 8 %, meeting the requirements of clinical applications.

Self-decision mechanisms of smart production systems based on improved uncertainty theory and user-CFA

Smart production systems (SPSs) are complex smart network systems composed of multiple smart objects that require a self-decision-making mechanism for quick and accurate execution and decision making of dynamic smart production tasks. However, there is currently no uniform self-decision mechanism to handle the dynamic uncertainty of multi-smart object behaviors and ensure SPSs stability. To address this problem, this paper proposes a comprehensive self-decision method for SPSs that considers users’ preferences. A common technological framework for SPSs, a self-decision feature tree, and a self-decision mechanism with three modules are proposed in this paper to define conditions of dynamic smart production scheme (DSPs), optimize DSPs, and recommend DSPs. Autonomic computing methods and improved uncertainty theory are used to achieve real-time optimization and satisfy multi-objective performance requirements. Additionally, a collaborative filtering algorithm integrated with basic user preferences (user-CFA) is proposed to enable autonomous scheme recommendations. Finally, the effectiveness and autonomous operation of self-decision method is demonstrated through a case study on multi-Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), where we compare it with conventional methods. The results confirm the advantages of our proposed self-decision method, which contributes to the development and improvement of SPSs.

PENGGUNAAN KONSEP USER EXPERIENCE TERHADAP LAYANAN SITUS WEB PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM SUMATERA UTARA

Website development must be planned based on the user experience as an online service user. Basic user experience is required to design a library website. The better the user experience when using the library website, the higher the quality of the library's online services. When developing an online library system, user experience (UX) information is necessary to achieve user satisfaction and ease of use. A UX-centric website can provide users with an immersive experience without confusing features and content, and easy to understand. A good library website must be able to provide users with sufficient and relevant information to assist them in making the right decision. This includes providing a clear description of the resource, providing recommendations based on interests or preferences, and facilitating interactions that allow users to share reviews and ratings. By considering and designing library websites based on user experience, libraries can improve the quality of the online services they offer and ensure that users get the maximum benefit from using the website.

B/Surf: Interactive Bézier Splines on Surface Meshes.

We present a practical framework to port Bzier curves to surfaces. We support the interactive drawing and editing of Bzier splines on manifold meshes with millions of triangles, by relying on just repeated manifold averages. We show that direct extensions of the de Casteljau and Bernstein evaluation algorithms to the manifold setting are fragile, and prone to discontinuities when control polygons become large. Conversely, approaches based on subdivision are robust and can be implemented efficiently. We implement manifold extensions of the recursive de Casteljau bisection, and an open-uniform Lane-Riesenfeld subdivision scheme. For both schemes, we present algorithms for curve tracing, point evaluation, and approximated point insertion. We run bulk experiments to test our algorithms for robustness and performance, and we compare them with other methods at the state of the art, always achieving correct results and superior performance. For interactive editing, we port all the basic user interface interactions found in 2D tools directly to the mesh. We also support mapping complex SVG drawings to the mesh and their interactive editing.