Basic Technology Research Articles

Effect of Metacognitive Instructional Techniques on Students’ Achievement and Interest in Basic Science and Technology

The study adopted quasi-experimental design. The study was carried out in Secondary Schools in Niger State. The population of the study consists of seven Secondary Schools in Niger State. The sample of study was two hundred and forty seven (247) JSS II, Basic science and technology students in Secondary Schools in Niger State. Basic science and technology Achievement Test (BSTAT) and Basic science and technology Interest Scale (BSTIS) were used as the instrument. The two instruments were validated by three experts from the Department of Industrial and Technology Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to compute results of the trial testing after test re-test instrument administration and the results indicated positive correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.88 for BSTAT and BSTIS respectively. The researcher administered the instrument with the help of two research assistants. Data for the study were collected through pre-test and post test using the Basic science and technology Achievement Test (BSTAT) and the Basic science and technology Interest Scale (BSTIS). Data collected were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation to answer the two research questions while Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to test the two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. From the findings, the study revealed that Metacognitive instructional techniques enhances students’ achievement in Basic science and technology in junior secondary schools more than the lecture method. The finding also revealed that Metacognitive instructional techniques promotes students’ interest in Basic science and technology in junior secondary schools more than the lecture method among others. The study therefore concluded that students’ poor achievement and interest in Basic science and technology informed the need for the study on the effect of Metacognitive instructional techniques on students’ achievement and interest in Basic science and technology in Niger state.

Formation of the complete technological bases of machine parts for mechanical processing

The paper examines the problems of developing theoretical conditions and obtaining practical results for the formation of technological bases for parts during their machining. In this case, the basis is the information model of the geometric image of the part, which contains information about the nature of the surfaces of the parts and their mutual reference in the considered coordinate system, as well as the set of required surfaces for the orientation of each surface separately. Taking into account the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of surfaces with different structural and technological content, the technological limits of their use in the basing of parts are determined. The conditions were determined and the requirements for technological bases were formulated. From the set of technological parts, installation bases were identified and arranged, taking into account ensuring the required level of their processing with the least possible transitions. At the same time, the order of installation bases of parts is carried out on their abstract model, reflecting their structure. On the basis of the established assembly bases of parts, taking into account the requirements for the orientation of their surfaces in relation to the considered coordinate system, as well as the technological capabilities of each surface, sets of bases for the corresponding technological process are formed and their sequence of application is determined on the basis of the accepted structure of the general machining of parts. The results of the formation of a set of technological bases are presented on the example of a pulley hub for engine crankshafts for their subsequent mechanical processing.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЗАДАЧ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ПРОЦЕССАМИ В БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

The paper analyzes the main types of management tasks solved at various levels in the biotechnology industry. The directions of development of such types are identified, taking into account the existing and future needs of the organization of technological process management. The solution of the updated problems is justified by existing mathematical methods and application software. Illustrations of the feasibility of statements and solutions of problems are carried out on the basis of technologies and methods of the theory of entropy potentials, which is an effective tool for organizing monitoring and management of various systems.

РОЗГОРТАННЯ БАГАТОКАНАЛЬНОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ У ЦИФРОВОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ

The article has considered the interaction between a company/brand and consumer in the modern digital environment based on multichannel marketing by identifying the main stages of its development and defining their main characteristics. It has been determined that in the era of digital technologies, there is a fundamental transformation of the concepts of companies/brands’ marketing activities, among which is the emergence of new ways of interaction through online and offline channels. The stages of development of multichannel marketing have been considered according to the criteria of marketing channels of interaction, their integration by both the company and the consumer, and approximate time frames. The main distinctive features of multichannel, cross-channel, and omnichannel marketing as successive stages of development of multichannel marketing have been provided. According to the study results, it has been proposed to consider the characteristics of the identified stages in terms of the technological and ecosystem basis for the development of multichannel marketing, and the transformation of companies/brands’ marketing activities and the consumer journey. The technological basis reflects the development of the Internet, which enables further development of the interaction environment. The ecosystem basis reflects the transformation of the environment as a result of technical and technological means. It has been determined that the transformation of companies’ marketing activities takes place in the following aspects: integration of digital and physical channels into the company’s business model with the construction of relevant business processes, identification of touchpoints, and mapping a customer journey and contact chains, using push and pull marketing, formation of a seamless customer experience along with product/brand promotion. From the consumer’s point of view, the consumer journey is changing from a linear to a looped one, when previous experience and loyalty become the determining factors for decision-making. From the company’s perspective, a successful customer journey should include brand advocacy.

Cultivation of plants based on new technologies in the dry soil of the Aral Sea

The article presents the results of research aimed at growing plants on the basis of different technologies in the relic-swamp salt-sand desert soils of the Aral Sea. The amount of annual precipitation on the soils of this area formed in the conditions of the arid climate region is 180-200 mm. Many factors should be taken into account for growing plants in these areas. It is necessary to choose a suitable halophyte plant for marshy saline soils and to take into consideration sharp changes in temperature throughout the season. Planting in these soils is due to atmospheric precipitation and groundwater. Therefore, experiments were carried out on plant cultivation in the pipe method, and the efficiency was up to 1.5 times higher than in conventional conditions. The combined use of different technologies with the pipeline method has further increased efficiency.

ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЯК НОВА РЕАЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ СЬОГОДЕННЯ

The article provides a theoretical overview of the emergence of a new economic era – the digital economy. The features and prerequisites for the development of the digital economy are highlighted. The concept of the digital economy, its characteristics and features are revealed. The author substantiates the transition to the digital economy, which is a "fingerprint" of the transition from the third to the fourth industrial revolution, while the third industrial revolution represented the transition from analog electronic and mechanical devices to digital ones, and the fourth industrial revolution is digital. The author analyzes the peculiarities of economic modernization from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, namely, the large-scale replacement of assembly lines and tools with automated mechanisms. Different approaches to the definition of the digital economy, as well as prospects and trends of its development in Ukraine are presented. The institutional and economic prerequisites for the transformation of the world economy on the basis of digital technologies are considered. The author of the 1995 book "Digital", Nicholas Negroponte, who was the founder of the One Laptop per Child Association and described the digital economy as "bits instead of atoms", is analyzed. The article analyzes the concept of digital economy formulated by Nicholas Negroponte, within the framework of such a metaphor as "the transition from processing atoms to processing bits". Based on Thomas Mesenburg, the author identifies three key components of the concept of "Digital Economy", namely: e-commerce infrastructure, including hardware, software, telecommunications, networks, and human capital; e-business, which is a business model where business processes, information exchange and commercial transactions are automated in the form of information systems; and e-commerce – a type of economy where the key factors and means of production are digital data (binary, information, etc.) The concept of e-business is explained. The key technologies of digital transformation are listed. It is substantiated that digital technologies change the operating model of enterprises, namely, the methods and procedures for implementing corporate strategy in everyday activities, especially in the banking and telecommunications sectors, which increases the efficiency of investments and identifies new opportunities in the market. The author characterizes that the digital economy is characterized by several features that distinguish it from the traditional economy. The author studies the world experience which shows that the level of development of digital information technologies is becoming one of the key factors of economic competitiveness. The average annual values of the additional contribution of growth factors to the added value of economic sectors as a result of digitalization for the period 2019-2030 are analyzed. The contribution of the digital economy to GDP and its components, % of GDP in 2023, is analyzed. The challenges and threats to the development of society in the context of the digital economy are summarized. The economic effects of the digitalization of the economy are identified. The problems and prospects for the use of digital technologies in Ukraine are identified.

Deep Learning-Based Image Style Transformation Research on Landscape Paintings of Wei, Jin and North-South Dynasties

Abstract In this paper, the convolutional neural network is applied to the processing of stylistic features in the images of landscape paintings of Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties. After convolution and pooling activation, rich and less parametric feature maps are generated to lay a solid foundation for generative adversarial networks. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the rigor of the image dataset of landscape painting images under scene transformation, an improvement is proposed on the basis of traditional GAN technology, and a function represents the improved CycleGAN model. The experimental dataset has been constructed, and the loss function, network training, and hyperparameters have been designed for the model. The visual and conversion outcomes of the model-generated images are evaluated through simulation experiments. The migration of all landscape painting style textures is within the range of (0.5,2.4) at a gray level of 8. The migration styles increase as the gray level increases, and the data between groups does not overlap. In the subjective evaluation of the landscape painting style transformation generated by the model used in this paper, the score of the generated image is 3.8135 points, while the number of high scores is more than 65% of the votes. The model constructed in this paper has a better effect on the transformation of the image style of the Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties, and it can satisfy people’s visual needs.

Agrochemical properties of the soils of intensive apple orchards in Bukhara region

This scientific article presents the agrochemical properties of the soil of small apple trees cultivated on the basis of water and resourceefficient technology of the horticultural farm "Siyovush Agro" LLC located in the territory of Bog'ikalon MFY, Bukhara region, Bukhara district. A complete agrochemical analysis of humus, soil type, anion-cations, dry matter and salt content in the intensive small apple orchards of LLC "Siyovush Agro" farm was carried out on a scientific basis. The existing soils in the territory of Bogikalon MFY differ sharply in terms of their morphological structure properties and characteristics, ultimately, for the purposeful and complete implementation of agrotechnical works such as improving their land reclamation, maintaining and increasing their productivity, the properties and properties of existing irrigated soils, as well as water, physical, nutrient regimes enrichment with new data and indicators is required. It should be noted that the formation of anthropogenic soil due to the accumulation of new alluvial compounds in the soil profile leads to qualitative and quantitative changes in biological processes.

Оценка эффективности мероприятий по улучшению условий и охраны труда на бетонных заводах

More than 30 types of raw materials are used in the production of portland cement, which are divided into four main categories: calcium, silica, alumina, iron. Cement dust is toxic and can cause allergies, impaired lung function, pneumoconiosis, lung, stomach and colon cancer. In addition, in winter period, antifreeze additives consisting of various chemicals are added to the concrete mixture. Human exposure to these chemicals occurs through the direct contact of employees with a hazardous substance or indirect contact through the air. As a result, the skin, eyes and respiratory tract may be irritated or damaged. Long-term exposure may cause dermatitis or asthma. In this regard, a concrete plant automation system is considered, built on the basis of modern technical solutions, hardware technologies and software, which allows improving the working conditions of the concrete plant employees. Automation of the technological processes at a concrete plant helps to increase production efficiency and minimize the risks of negative impacts on human health by reducing the number of employees who have direct contact with the cement dust and other chemicals. Considering the parameters: cost savings, return on investment, labor productivity, costs, etc., the economic efficiency of production and measures to improve working conditions and safety was assessed. Efficiency calculation showed that labor productivity increases by 50 %. Automation of the processes allowed, without changingthe production volume, to reduce the number of employees at the site in question by 4 people, ease the work of operators by eliminating the manual control panel, and improve air quality through the installation of carbon filters. With a total one-time cost of 11 200 000 rubles for upgrading equipment, purchasing software and installing carbon filters, the payback period will be 3 years, which proves the high efficiency of capital investments in automating the production processes of a concrete plant.

Innovation of classroom teaching of chemical principles based on big data in BOPPPS teaching model

Abstract Classroom teaching mode is an important factor affecting classroom quality and students’ performance. The use of science and technology combined with advanced teaching concepts to rationalize classroom teaching innovation and change has become a research hotspot in the field of education. In this paper, we use the BOPPPS teaching mode on the basis of big data technology to promote teaching innovation in the existing classroom teaching chemical principles. Using a questionnaire survey to study the teaching status of chemical principles in a city university, it is found that the current chemical principle classroom teaching is generally characterized by the problems of solidified teaching mode design, single teaching evaluation method, random design of teaching objectives, etc. The BOPPPS model is applied to the teaching of chemical principles at a city university. The BOPPPS model is applied to the teaching practice of chemical principles in a university, and the student’s classroom performance before and after the change of teaching mode shows obvious differences. After the experiment, 64.17% of the students expressed hope that the BOPPPS teaching model could be promoted in other disciplines. Cluster analysis of students’ performance before and after the experiment using an optimized K-means clustering algorithm shows that the performance of the seven students extracted from the experiment significant improvement after the experiment. The use of the BOPPPS teaching mode makes the students’ score range increase from 60-70 before the test to 80-90 after the test.

Exploring the Application of Big Data Technology in Macroeconomic Management and Strategy Formulation

Abstract The initiative of macroeconomic management and regulation helps to eliminate such undesirable phenomena as unfair competition and malicious competition in the market and effectively improves the fairness and transparency of the economic market. This paper takes the importance of macroeconomic management as a guide and analyzes the value of the application of big data technology in macroeconomic management. Taking China’s macroeconomic data from 2012 to 2024 as the research object, a macroeconomic trend forecasting model is established by combining the C4.5 algorithm of time series. Combined with the FAVAR model, the SV-TVP-FAVAR model is established to study the impact of macroeconomic policy uncertainty on the macroeconomic system. The model cumulative return, trend prediction, aggregate impulse effect, and stage response characteristics are used as indexes for model evaluation. The cumulative return of the macroeconomic trend prediction model can reach up to 82.29%, the incremental GDP is only 920 million yuan lower than the actual macroeconomic value, and the great value of the impact of quantitative tools and price tools on economic growth is 0.369 and 0.359, respectively. The analytical model of macroeconomic data is constructed on the basis of big data technology, which facilitates access to the trend of the macroeconomic changes and the influencing factors and provides a reference for the optimization of the macroeconomic management strategy to provide a reference.

Medicine of the future: the role of artificial intelligence in optimizing nutrition for the health of the Russian population

One of the most pressing medical, social and government tasks is to ensure health saving, improve the quality of life and increase the life expectancy of the Russian population. The most important lever to ensure the solution of these issues is the optimization of nutrition and the use of methods of artificial intelligence (AI) and new information technologies to support decision-making in this area. The purpose of the study was to familiarize specialists with the Scientific Instrument for Nutrition Analysis (SINA), created on the basis of AI technologies to optimize nutrition and prevent alimentary diseases in order to preserve the health of the population of the Russian Federation. Results. A patent was created and received for a scientific web tool (SINA) based on AI technologies for actual nutrition analyzing with subs equent assessment of health status and generation of recommendations, including a personalized diet, which is formed based on individual human needs for energy, nutrients and bioactive compounds, taking into account genome, gender characteristics, age, food preferences, profession, diseases, medication treatment, clinical blood parameters, individual morphological and constitutional characteristics, his physical activity, etc. Conclusion. The results of using SINA can reduce the labor costs of doctors; personalize diets as much as possible taking into account many factors; increase patient adherence to the prescribed diet and recommendations; increase public awareness of nutrition issues, reduce morbidity rates and improve public health. The high-tech approach using AI is advanced and is capable of solving many key challenges in the field of health care, prevention and medicine in general, and improve the quality of life of the population.

Spectral analysis of various types of wood as the basis of low-temperature drying technology in vacuum conditions

The research was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-76-01090, https://rscf.ru/project/23-76-01090 /. The characteristics of various types of wood (oak, aspen, pine) were obtained in the laboratory on the basis of the South Ural State Agrarian University using the infrared Fourier spectrometer FSM 2201. For these rocks, the wavelengths at which the maximum absorption of radiation occurs are determined, which is consistent with the operating modes of the film electric heater. The obtained result will become the basis for further research aimed at developing and creating a prototype of an infrared vacuum drying plant and an automatic control system for regulating and investigating the process in a discharged environment.

Fluid–solid coupling analysis of submerged water jet cavitation micro-forming

Submerged cavitating waterjet micro-forming is a novel jetting technology. Existing detection devices cannot accurately detect bubble distribution in still water domains and target workpiece processing areas. To investigate bubble generation and distribution in still water domains and their influence on target micro-forming, a submerged cavitating waterjet micro-forming fluid–solid coupling numerical model was established in this paper. The distribution of submerged cavitating waterjet cavitation effects and the hammering of micro waterjets on metal plates under the action of cavitation bubbles, as well as the coupled forces, were analyzed. The results show that bubble distribution in still water domains is closely related to turbulence, vortices, and pressure distributions. The collapse of cavitation bubbles generates enormous pressure, and the pressure generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles causes the micro waterjet hammers to produce annular deformation zones on the metal plates. The bubble distribution laws and theoretical basis of cavitation micro-forming technology in submerged waterjets are provided in this study, which has very important engineering application significance.

PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER CANOLA IN THE CONDITIONS FG “VROZHAYNE” OF VINNYTSIA OBLAST

The article provides measures to improve the intensive technology of growing winter rapeseed with a high level of adaptability for specific growing conditions when using a fertilizer system; the latest research and publications were elaborated; objectively assessed the importance and relevance of the study of the optimization of the main nutrients in order to achieve high performance indicators of winter rapeseed. The results of the study of the effect of different rates of mineral fertilizers on the formation of seed yield of the highly productive domestic winter rapeseed hybrid Hulk were analyzed. It has been established that mineral fertilizers are currently the basis for intensive technologies and play the most significant part in the cost structure of winter rapeseed cultivation technology. In today's difficult economic conditions, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the application of phosphorus fertilizers, because the provision of the soils of Ukraine with phosphorus fertilizers does not exceed 10% of their need, which poses a threat of soil degradation and a decrease in the productivity of agricultural crops. It has been established that winter rapeseed is particularly picky about the level of nitrogen nutrition. The highest efficiency is the application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil in the form of KAS. Foliar feeding, effective only to eliminate nutrient deficiencies in the plant. The main method of providing plants with trace elements can be foliar feeding, which improves the availability of nutrients and reduces feeding costs. It is recommended to apply complex mineral fertilizers SUPERFOSFAT Makosh (P37Са62S60В0,4Zn0.4) + КАС64 in spring on frozen soil + microfertilizer AminoAlexin, at the rate of 1,0 l/ha in the stem formation phase + Vuksal Microplant 1,5 l/ha in the budding phase of winter rape, which will allow to obtain the yield of winter rape seeds at the level of 3,94 t/ha.

Use of artificial intelligence in the organization of scientific research

Artificial intelligence is a powerful and revolutionary field that has the potential to change many areas of human activity fundamentally, including the process of scientific research. At the heart of AI is the idea of creating machines that can think and reason like humans, and can learn from their own experiences to improve their performance over time. The article analyzes the main possibilities of using artificial intelligence in conducting scientific research. The scientific process has many stages and it is expected that artificial intelligence will contribute to each stage of the development of science, therefore the use of artificial intelligence in the organization of scientific research is highly relevant. The article provides a review from various perspectives, including the idea of generating, writing and structuring the text, searching and in-depth analysis of the literature on the research topic. Recommendations are provided for the use of programs that function on the basis of AI technologies, which can significantly increase the level of productivity during scientific research. Their use is possible at the stage of searching, analyzing and summarizing scientific works, when checking grammatical and linguistic errors in scientific work and for the purpose of improving the writing style in general. In addition, the article considers the potential threats of introducing. AI can help integrate graphs, tables, charts into research content, thereby greatly increasing its visual appeal and comprehensibility. In addition, the article considers the potential threats of introducing AI into scientific research and emphasizes the need to observe academic integrity and minimize the use of artificial intelligence in scientific work. Excessive use of artificial intelligence can lead to the creation of fraudulent scientific papers.

MAGE RUNNER: THE GAME USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

Today, digital asset ownership records are stored in a decentralized, distributed database on the basis of blockchain technology. It is no longer possible to modify any stored information on a Blockchain, which makes this technology a legitimate disruptor for sectors such as payments, cybersecurity and healthcare. Considering the increasing implementation of blockchain technology in various fields, this paper aims at focusing its application as a basic gaming experience to newbies, who wish to step into the world of blockchain gaming. Firstly, this paper presents the conceptual design and implementation of blockchain gaming in the framework of a 2D game hosted. This game highlights the incorporation of Fungible and Non-fungible tokens (NFT), which represent the rewards collected by the player. The collected reward bonus in the form of NFT is published on the player’s OpenSea account, connected to MetaMask. The Game flow includes the development of a user-friendly, theme-based interface supported by Solidity as a technological support for building smart contracts using ERC20 and ERC1155 token standards. IPFS (Inter planetary-file system) is used for decentralized storage of metadata and token images, and Hardhat and Alchemy for deployment and overall execution. This game demonstrates a basic implementation of blockchain in gaming and unveils its broader scope through its incorporation in even simple children’s games. This game carries pedagogical significance which can be utilized by the professors to demonstrate the practical usage of fundamental elements of blockchain to the students.

Digital transformation of methods for assessing the horse exterior characteristics

Intelligent animal husbandry is becoming a priority area of the industry. On the basis of digital technologies, genomic assessment, and artificial intelligence, new opportunities are being formed to improve the organization of breeding and technological processes. For effective horse breeding, coupled with classical breeding methods, modern breeding resource management systems based on innovative approaches are needed. Accurate quantification of phenotypic information about an animal is a difficult task. Of particular importance there are the issues of objectification of animal characteristics by exterior due to the fact that the assessment of external forms is based on visual perception, is not devoid of a subjective approach and is subject to inaccuracies. One of the ways to solve this problem is to switch to a digital assessment of the phenotypes of interest. The article presents the results of the application of deep learning to solve the problem of automatic marking of characteristic points on a digital image of the studied objects. It was revealed that the created and trained neural network architecture as a whole demonstrated good accuracy.

Internet Smart Technology Drives High Quality Development of Agricultural Economy

Abstract This paper builds a mechanism for the integration of the digital economy and agricultural economy and analyzes the scientific path of agricultural economic development under the mode of “Internet+”. Secondly, on the basis of Internet technology, for the multi-objective optimization problem of agricultural circular economy, the multi-objective optimization problem is solved by selecting decision variables of agricultural circular economy and determining the objective function of agricultural circular economy. Then, from the actual situation of the regional agricultural economy, we determine the constraints, decision variable parameters, and the adaptability function so as to construct the structural optimization model of the agricultural circular economy and carry out an example analysis of the high-quality development of the agricultural economy. The results show that on the model optimization analysis, the optimized planting area of corn is 15,956 hectares, and the optimized numbers of pigs, cattle and poultry are 302, 144, 25, 543 and 579, 1332, respectively. On the model application prediction analysis, it is recommended to increase the support for agriculture to 102.5% (2022=100%) while increasing the support for forestry to 105.1% (2022=100%). This study provides strong support and guidance for the optimization of the agricultural and industrial structure and provides a more scientific decision-making basis for the high-quality development of the agricultural economy.

A mathematical model for predicting the deformation of the hydraulic model of the dynamics of water flow and morphological parameters of the riverbed in small mountain rivers

In this article, the changes of the bed of the Govasoy river, which is one of the small mountain rivers, due to the influence of constructions and the formation of the sedimentation layer are studied on the basis of field studies. The mathematical model of predicting the deformation of water flow dynamics and the processes of the bed, and the experimental results are compared with numerical solutions. Information on the territorial division of irrigation networks and water consumers in the Govasay river basin, as well as their digital maps, was created on the basis of geo-information technology. The program was developed to ensure the rapid management of water resources.