Basic Technology Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF NEW MEDIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE NETWORK ECONOMY

Today, the processes of globalization in the sphere of economy are largely connected with new media and with digitization. Scholars discuss digital economy, digital capitalism, the issues of formation of the Internet economy, as a result of which the term "network economy" is emerged. The technological basis of the development of the digital economy can be considered artificial intelligence, block chain, cloud data storage systems; these innovations began to enter the economy.

Modelling of Timestamp Processing within Transport Network Equipment

The modern telecommunication networks are forming on the basis of different transmission and data processing technologies. High load on the transport layer nodes demands quality synchronization of equipment that works on it. The transport network is an important element which delivers the time scale to slave nodes. Using the time-division multiplexing for the high-speed channel processing with the use of wavelength division multiplexing (OTN, Optical Transport Network) and classic Ethernet networks as a transport layer systems needs the precision time synchronization which can be achieved with the use of Precision Time Protocol (PTP). The modeling apparatus of PTP messages exchanging within OTN multiplexers and IP-network based on the routers are suggested. The packet transferring through the network are given as sequence of simple processing steps. The impact of a network load on PTP information processing capacity on the routers and efficiency of the Forward Error Correction algorithm for OTN equipment are analyzed. The experimental distribution of variable delays on that network elements are given.

INNOVATIVE TYPE OF USE OF INVESTMENTS

The innovative type of use of investments is a direction in which investments are directed to stimulate and support innovation. This includes funding scientific research, developing new products, technologies and processes, supporting start-ups and entrepreneurship, modernizing enterprise technology bases, education and training, and creating innovation infrastructure and ecosystems. Innovative investments play an important role in stimulating economic growth, improving the competitiveness of companies and creating new jobs, contributing to the development of new technologies and solving complex problems.

Disease-induced changes in bacterial and fungal communities from plant below- and aboveground compartments

The plant microbes are an integral part of the host and play fundamental roles in plant growth and health. There is evidence indicating that plants have the ability to attract beneficial microorganisms through their roots in order to defend against pathogens. However, the mechanisms of plant microbial community assembly from below- to aboveground compartments under pathogen infection remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the bacterial and fungal communities in bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, root, stem, and leaf of both healthy and infected (Potato virus Y disease, PVY) plants. The results indicated that bacterial and fungal communities showed different recruitment strategies in plant organs. The number and abundance of shared bacterial ASVs between bulk and rhizosphere soils decreased with ascending migration from below- to aboveground compartments, while the number and abundance of fungal ASVs showed no obvious changes. Field type, plant compartments, and PVY infection all affected the diversity and structures of microbial community, with stronger effects observed in the bacterial community than the fungal community. Furthermore, PVY infection, rhizosphere soil pH, and water content (WC) contributed more to the assembly of the bacterial community than the fungal community. The analysis of microbial networks revealed that the bacterial communities were more sensitive to PVY infection than the fungal communities, as evidenced by the lower network stability of the bacterial community, which was characterized by a higher proportion of positive edges. PVY infection further increased the bacterial network stability and decreased the fungal network stability. These findings advance our understanding of how microbes respond to pathogen infections and provide a rationale and theoretical basis for biocontrol technology in promoting sustainable agriculture.Key points• Different recruitment strategies between plant bacterial and fungal communities.• Bacterial community was more sensitive to PVY infection than fungal community.• pH and WC drove the microbial community assembly under PVY infection.

Medication Dispensing Using Needle Free Injection

Needle-free injection techniques have advanced significantly and are now commonly used in many different industries. Modern technology has completely changed the way drugs are given, resolving typical problems with conventional hypodermic needles such needle anxiety, needle stick injuries, and the spread of infectious infections. In specialties including dermatology and dentistry, administering immunizations, peptides, proteins, and anesthetics has become common procedure with needle-free injectors. These injectors work on the basis of Lorentz force, air pressure, and spring technology. The specific application of the air-pressure technique to medicine administration is the topic of this study. An air compressor is used to create pressure, and a solenoid valve is used to control the pressure in order to accomplish this. A needle-free injector is then equipped with a tube that transfers the pressure, allowing the drug to be injected into the body via the skin's layers. Injectables are delivered to the intradermal level in an efficient manner using a variety of injection techniques, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intradermal. Drug delivery technologies may progress as a result of this research, opening up new avenues for the treatment of a variety of diseases.

Special aspects of guarding and protecting sports facilities

Aim: The arrangement and organisation of sports events is a coordinated activity involving several organisations. The purpose of the research is to examine and reveal the special guarding and protection requirements of sports facilities and sports event venues. Methodology: After collecting and processing the reference literature, the Authors applied a qualitative method and focused on the methods and means of providing sports facilities, and looked for specifics from their own point of view. During the research, they used both empirical and logical methods. In order for the earned knowledge to contribute to the solution of practical problems, they chose the activity of practice-oriented research. Findings: Starting from the 1960s, and mainly from the 1980s, the arrangement and organisation of sports events is not just a professional sports issue. The capital injected by economic actors was aimed at organising family, cultural and entertainment events. As a result, unlike before, the sports facilities initially became multi-functional, and then the modern facilities became multi-functional venues. Due to its multi-functionality, special requirements for the security and protection of the venues and the facilities created in their surroundings, with different sports and economic purposes, have developed. Value: The basis of the security technology of sports facilities and the commercial, economic, entertainment, cultural and service units located in them is the security of objects, as well as personal and property security. Guarding and protecting the proper operation of the facilities is an organised and coordinated activity in the same way as in the case of sports events held in the facilities, but the method of implementation is not the same.

Flatness defect control during cold rolling of SUS430 stainless steel

Abstract A statics finite element (FE) model as well as a dynamics FE model for Sendzimir mill have been established. It is in order to solve the bilateral wave defect caused by loose edge rolling during the cold rolling process with SUS430 stainless steel strip. The profile and flatness control effects are quantitatively analyzed by adjusting various roll contour configurations such as work roll crown, the second intermediate idler roll crown, the first intermediate roll taper depth and taper length. The coupling relationship between strip edge-drop and flatness under different roll contour configurations has been studied to analyze their effects on flatness defect control. The first intermediate roll taper depth is the most effective way to control edge wave. The first intermediate roll taper depth has been adjusted from 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm in the industrial production line. The overall profile has been improved by 21.5 %. The deviation of residual stress at strip edges has been reduced by 32.9 %. An excellent flatness defect control result has been achieved for the industrial production of SUS430 stainless steel. The present work is responsible for providing a theoretical basis and practical experience for the flatness defect control technology of a Sendzimir mill.

Promoting active citizen engagement in sustainable energy transitions: a co-creation approach

ABSTRACT The shift towards sustainable and decentralised energy production has encountered a notable gap between the need to establish energy communities and the existing technological and infrastructural basis provisions for their facilitation. A concerted effort is thus required to align capabilities with the requirements for fostering energy transitions. This paper introduces the ACeT method, a novel decision-making approach aimed at involving citizens in the context of sustainable energy transitions. The aim is to support the collaborative development of visions and roadmaps by citizens and regional/local authorities, who co-create strategies to mitigate broader societal impediments to the adoption of renewable energy. By addressing issues such as bureaucratic procedures, inequitable tariffs, and legal constraints, this approach offers valuable insights for stakeholders. Policymakers can further scrutinise and substantiate these insights and recommendations derived from this novel approach.

Developing an Ontology Representing Fall Risk Management Domain Knowledge

Ontologies serve as comprehensive frameworks for organizing domain-specific knowledge, offering significant benefits for managing clinical data. This study presents the development of the Fall Risk Management Ontology (FRMO), designed to enhance clinical text mining, facilitate integration and interoperability between disparate data sources, and streamline clinical data analysis. By representing major entities within the fall risk management domain, the FRMO supports the unification of clinical language and decision-making processes, ultimately contributing to the prevention of falls among older adults. We used Ontology Web Language (OWL) to build the FRMO in Protégé. Of the seven steps of the Stanford approach, six steps were utilized in the development of the FRMO: (1) defining the domain and scope of the ontology, (2) reusing existing ontologies when possible, (3) enumerating ontology terms, (4) specifying the classes and their hierarchy, (5) defining the properties of the classes, and (6) defining the facets of the properties. We evaluated the FRMO using four main criteria: consistency, completeness, accuracy, and clarity. The developed ontology comprises 890 classes arranged in a hierarchical structure, including six top-level classes with a total of 43 object properties and 28 data properties. FRMO is the first comprehensively described semantic ontology for fall risk management. Healthcare providers can use the ontology as the basis of clinical decision technology for managing falls among older adults.

Mechanisms of formation of speech skills on the basis of media technologies

The expansion of the socio-economic and cultural cooperation of the countries in the world is increasing the interest, need and desire to learn foreign languages, especially English. In the educational system of developed countries, special attention is paid to learning English in accelerated ways from the school period. The development of students' language and speech competences on the basis of media technologies is becoming an urgent issue in teaching English in general education schools. Especially for A1 levels, it has become a priority to acquire the linguistic competence noted in the content of English language teaching and to develop the ability to use it in speech communication. The experience of world countries shows the need to create and improve teaching methods based on the development of lexical competence in teaching English to students.

Evaluation an anionic polyacrylamide flocculant with microblock structure in the hematite wastewater treatment: Characterization and flocculation performance

In this study, a template polymer with anionic microblock structure was successfully synthesized through ultrasonic initiated template copolymerization (USTP) by using sodium allylsulfonate (SAS) and acrylamide (AM) as monomers, poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC) as template, and 2,2′-azobis [2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044) as initiator. The anionic polyacrylamide (APAM-T) flocculant was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to measure the elemental composition. The results of XPS and 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis indicated the existence of anionic microblock structure in APAM-T. Besides, the copolymerization was revealed to follow the self-assembly mechanism by analyzing the association constant (KM). The flocculation performance was evaluated by turbidity and zeta potential in the flocculation tests. The results indicated that the APAM-T with microblock structure enhanced the charge neutralization and bridging adsorption capacity, thus improving the flocculation performance. In the floc particle size distribution and fragmentation and reflocculation experiments, the floc corresponding to APAM-T had the strongest regeneration ability after fragmentation, which further confirmed the criticality of the microblock structure in enhancing the flocculation performance. Compared with existing studies, this study not only demonstrated a novel synthesis method, but also found that the microblock structure could significantly improve its treatment efficiency and effectiveness, providing a new theoretical basis and practical application path for wastewater treatment technology.

PROSPECTS FOR USING BIG DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS IN THE METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY

The work presents the Big Data technology bases. Thanks to Big Data Analytics, you can quickly and efficiently interpret various information, find patterns and make forecasts. Today, Big Data helps solve various problems in many areas, including: retail, medicine, finance, industry, energy, tourism, ecology, entertainment. Thanks to the processing and analysis of a large array of data, representatives of government, business, science, developers and other interested parties improve the quality of goods and services and develop business. Big Data technologies make it possible to efficiently and quickly benefit from this array of information. With their help, government agencies and business representatives optimize various processes, and end consumers receive better services. The prospects for using systems for processing extensive data in the metallurgical industry are considered.

Integrated e-Methanol and Drop-in Fuels Hydrothermal Liquefaction Platform-Techno-Economic and GHG Emissions Assessment for Grid-Connected Plants under Flexible BECCU(S) Operation.

This study examines the combined production of drop-in fuels and methanol using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) as a technological basis in the context of bioenergy and power-to-X (PtX) applications. Given the increasing need for flexibility in a system dominated by fluctuating renewable power, we evaluated flexible methanol operation as a strategy to harness global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a grid-connected HTL setup. In this operation, the biogenic CO2 destination is alternated between methanol synthesis bioenergy with carbon capture and utilization and combined underground storage depending on the hourly electricity price and grid carbon intensity. The results indicate that the strategy has potential to maintain the average fuel carbon intensity within the 65% GHG reduction threshold set by the renewable energy directive III at a minimum methanol price of 870 EUR/t. This approach could facilitate implementation as it does not require dedicated renewable power generation and hydrogen storage, potentially decreasing costs compared to semi-islands and off-grid PtX systems.

T-Cell Engagers-The Structure and Functional Principle and Application in Hematological Malignancies.

Recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy have made directing the cellular immune response onto cancer cells a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The introduction of monoclonal antibody-based (mAbs) targeted therapy has significantly improved the prognosis for hematological patients. Facing the issues of mAb-based therapies, a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which simultaneously target tumor-associated antigens on tumor cells and CD3 molecules present on T-cells. This mechanism allows for the direct activation of T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab, a TCE directed to CD3 and CD19 for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, numerous TCEs have been developed, allowing for treating different hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. TCE-based therapies still have their limitations; however, improving the properties of TCEs, as well as combining TCE-based therapies with other forms of treatment, give hope to find the cures for currently terminal diseases. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects.

Structural Analysis of Aspiration Catheters and Procedural Outcomes: An Analysis of the SVIN Registry

Background Rapid expansion of mechanical thrombectomy and swift manufacturing development has translated into significant evolution of large‐bore catheter technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association among diverse structural components of large‐bore aspiration catheters on procedural performance. Methods Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained mechanical thrombectomy consortium (SVIN [Society of Vascular Interventional Neurology] Registry) treated with stand‐alone contact aspiration for the first pass in the middle cerebral artery M1 or intracranial internal carotid artery occlusions from 2012 to 2021. Catheters were stratified on the basis of construction materials, tip technology, catheter sizing, and catheter lining. Factors associated with first‐pass effect (first‐pass eTICI 2c–3 reperfusion) as well as speed of clot engagement were analyzed. Results We identified 983 patients with proximal occlusion and aspiration as the first‐pass technique. First‐pass effect was observed in 34% and associated with age (odds ratio [OR], 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01–1.03]), cardioembolic stroke pathogenesis (OR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.77–2.41]), middle cerebral artery M1 (OR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.09–1.87]), nongeneral anesthesia (OR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.39–0.767]), as well as with 0.070‐inch (OR, 2.04 95% CI, 1.01–3.78]), and 0.088‐inch (OR, 3.90 [95% CI, 1.58–9.61]) distal catheter inner diameter in the adjusted analysis. Mean time from arterial access to clot contact was 17 minutes, with faster times observed in younger patients (OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.98–0.996]) as well as with the use of aspiration catheters with shorter length of distal outer hydrophilic coating (18–30 cm) on multivariable regression (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.11–0.82]). Conclusion Larger aspiration catheter distal inner diameter was associated with higher rates of first‐pass effect. Aspiration catheter construction components were found to influence times from arterial access to clot contact.

Technological Basis for Data Interoperability of Highway Structural Health Monitoring Systems and Intelligent Transport Systems

Technological Basis for Data Interoperability of Highway Structural Health Monitoring Systems and Intelligent Transport Systems

Regulating the Selectivity of Nitrate Photoreduction for Purification or Ammonia Production by Cooperating Oxidative Half-Reactions.

The removal and conversion of nitrate (NO3-) from wastewater has become an important environmental and health topic. The NO3- can be reduced to nontoxic nitrogen (N2) for environmental remediation or ammonia (NH3) for recovery, in which the tailoring of the selectivity is greatly challenging. Here, by construction of the CuOx@TiO2 photocatalyst, the NO3- conversion efficiency is enhanced to ∼100%. Moreover, the precise regulation of selectivity to NH3 (∼100%) or N2 (92.67%) is accomplished by the synergy of cooperative redox reactions. It is identified that the selectivity of the NO3- photoreduction is determined by the combination of different oxidative reactions. The key roles of intermediates and reactive radicals are revealed by comprehensive in situ characterizations, providing direct evidence for the regulated selectivity of the NO3- photoreduction. Different active radicals are produced by the interaction of oxidative reactants and light-generated holes. Specifically, the introduction of CH3CHO as the oxidative reactant results in the generation of formate radicals, which drives selective NO3- reduction into N2 for its remediation. The alkyl radicals, contributed to by the (CH2OH)2 oxidation, facilitate the deep reduction of NO3- to NH3 for its upcycling. This work provides a technological basis for radical-directed NO3- reduction for its purification and resource recovery.

Digitalization from the Perspective of the Regional Community

Relevance. Currently, digitalization processes and the introduction of new technological innovations in Russian society lead to a restructuring of not only economic but also social relations, thereby predetermining both new opportunities and new risks. However, the degree of influence of these risks on individuals and society, their positive and negative effects in the scientific community have not yet been sufficiently formulated.The purpose is to identify the attitude of the regional population towards the digitalization of society and risk factors associated with the introduction of digital technologies into the life of society.Objectives: to analyze the manifestation of the digitalization process and its risks in the perception of the regional community; explore the degree of influence of digitalization risks on the life of society.Methodology. The study uses general scientific methods of cognition of social phenomena: structural-logical analysis and methods of theoretical generalization ‒ to clarify concepts and construct research conclusions; sociological methods for obtaining empirical data.Results. The population of the regional community has an understanding of the digital society, digitalization processes and various manifestations of risks in the digital society. Transformations in the digital sphere can bring catastrophically large-scale changes in society, and can transform not only the surrounding reality, but the person himself and the world around him.Conclusions. In modern digital society, the probabilistic manifestation of risks is not fully identified and their impact on the life of society is not assessed. Digitalization should be aimed at creating advantages (conveniences) in various aspects of everyday life and providing every citizen with equal opportunities to access services, information and knowledge provided on the basis of information and communication technologies.

An Overview of the Electronic Structure of Monolayer Graphene

Monolayer graphene is a nanostructured material that consists of layers of graphene, each layer of single-layer graphene consists of a layer of carbon atoms that are interconnected in a hexagonal lattice. The crystal structure of monolayer graphene is two dimensional and carbon atoms are inserted in a hexagonal lattice. The band structure of monolayer graphene includes two main bands that located at points K and K’ considered as quantum bands of electrons and holes. The electronic properties of monolayer graphene include the movement of electrons at very high speed and maintaining their spin. Also, monolayer graphene has unique optical properties and can be used as an optical switcher in electronic devices. Which from the basis of the contemporary technology of graphene and is progressing, therefor, research in this field is important and this research was carried out in a library method and its purpose is to investigate the electronic structure of single – layer graphene.

A lightweight improved YOLOv5s model and its deployment for detecting pitaya fruits in daytime and nighttime light-supplement environments

Precise detection and low-cost deployment are the technological basis of intelligent fruit picking. This study proposes a lightweight improved YOLOv5s model to detect pitaya fruits in daytime and nighttime light-supplement environments, and make it successfully deploy in an Android device. This model first uses the module of shufflenetv2 to reconstruct the YOLOv5s backbone network. Then, the study proposes a Concentrated-Comprehensive Convolution Receptive Field Enhancement (C3RFE) module to improve the detection precision of pitaya fruits. Furthermore, a Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network(BiFPN) feature fusion method is used to enhance the multi-scale feature fusion. Moreover, three optimized Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) attention modules are added to make full use of the image feature information. Finally, a dynamic label allocation strategy simple Optimal Transport Assignment (simOTA) is used to optimize the YOLOv5s model original label allocation strategy. The experimental results show that the improved model achieves an average precision rate of 97.80 %, with frames per second (FPS) of 139 FPS in a GPU run environment. The model size is only 2.5 MB. Compared to the state-of-the-art SSD, Faster RCNN, YOLOv4, YOLOv4 tiny, YOLOv5s, YOLOv5Lite-s, YOLOXs, YOLOv7, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8n and YOLOv8s, the improved YOLOv5s achieve preferred comprehensive performance in average precision rate, FPS and model size. When deploying this model on the Realme GT Android mobile phone by developing an application based on an NCNN framework, such an application accomplishes real-time pitaya fruit detection with an FPS exceeding 30 FPS. This study can provide technological support for a precise and effective pitaya fruit intelligent picking.