Basic Technical Solutions Research Articles

Станция подводного обслуживания гибридного необитаемого подводного аппарата системы мониторинга подводного добычного комплекса

The use of support vessels significantly increases the cost of monitoring objects of underwater production complexes (UPC), and the presence of a cable communication line significantly limits the possibility of using remote-controlled uninhabited underwater vehicles (ROV), which is reduced to zero in conditions of continuous ice coverage of the work area. An obvious alternative to the use of ROVs are autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles (AUVs), equipped with equipment for conducting contact work with monitoring objects and communicating with the shore control post. At the same time, the necessary autonomy for the use of such hybrid autonomous uninhabited underwater vehicles (HAUVs) can be ensured by a network of bottom stations equipped with systems for contactless charging and information exchange with the shore UPC control post. The work proposes the concept of an underwater service station (USS) for a HAUV, which allows, in long-term underwater deployment conditions, to use the device not only in an autonomous mode, but also in a remote control mode from a shore control post. A model for using the station for its intended purpose and the composition of the equipment necessary for its implementation have been determined, the design of the technical solution of the station has been presented, determined taking into account the features of installation on a complex bottom surface and the requirements for docking the HAUV for contactless charging and information exchange, including in the mode of remote control from the SCP. Basic technical solutions for the USS have been developed that provide automatic adjustment of the horizontal position of the docking unit, reliable docking and holding of the HAUV charging and information exchange terminals, and control of the vehicle’s pointing process using a set of rotary video cameras with lamps and a sector-view sonar. Algorithms for interaction between the station and the HAUV have been developed for autonomous and controlled via optical communication cable operating modes of the vehicle.

Радиационно-стойкие СБИС СнК и ОЗУ — особенности проектирования по КМОП технологиям объемного кремния

The effect of various types of radiation and heavy nuclear particles on VLSI fabricated using CMOS technologies for bulk silicon at a level of 250–90 nm is analyzed. Developed and certified on test crystals (TC) are constructive-topological and circuit solutions for elements of digital libraries, complex-functional RAM blocks and peripheral mixed-signal blocks for designing radiation-hardened VLSI of the “system-on-chip” (SoC) type and RAM of category RT (products with an increased level of radiation resistance). The methodology of radiation-hardened by design (RHBD) has been further developed. For CAD tools, a design environment for VLSI of the RT category was created for manufacturing at Russian factories using available CMOS bulk technologies. Based on this design environment, competitive radiation-hardened high-performance processor CMOS VLSI SoC and VLSI RAM were created. Basic technical solutions are protected by RF patents.

STUDY OF THE HEAT ENGINEERING SCHEMES OF THE OK-520 FIRING MACHINES AT MIKHAILOVSKY GOK USING VNIIMT’S METHODOLOGY TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICIENCY

Optimization of the heat engineering schemes for thermal treatment of iron-ore pellets is of great importance for increasing productivity of the firing conveyor machines and reducing specific fuel and power consumption. The paper presents a description of methodology of complex multistage research of heat engineering schemes of firing machines developed by JSC VNIIMT, which was used in the development of technical specifications, as well as in the projects for modernization of firing machines and for pellet production process control system at different ore mining and processing plants. The technical solutions are considered; their application provides the maximum effect during modernization of the existing and construction of the new units. The principles of minimization of specific power consumption are established based on comprehensive analysis of heat engineering schemes, heat engineering calculations using mathematical models and firing machines inspection; their realization allows improving technical and economic indices of firing machines operation. The technical characteristics of firing machines were given, the reserves for increasing their performance were shown. The results of the analysis of design and existing heat engineering schemes of firing machines OK-520 at Mikhailovsky GOK are presented. It was established that both designed and existing schemes have reserves for improvement of their operation indicators. Basic technical solutions were determined, and their implementation would improve technical and economic performance of the firing machines.

Effective workspaces of parallel robots

AbstractAn approach for calculating the effective workspaces of parallel mechanisms has been considered in this paper. The effective workspace is a set of reachable by the end-effector points, where an important parameter (or parameters) from the point of view of operation is not higher than critical. In this article, the speed and torque in the drive and the stiffness of the mechanism are considered as such parameters. An approach to determining the appropriate effective workspace is presented for each parameter. The optimization process, which is based on presented methods, allows one to choose basic technical solutions of the designed robot: the links (lengths and cross-sections), the drives, and types of hinges, which guarantee its operability at the specified operational characteristics. Case studies of a delta robot with four degrees of freedom and a planar five-bar mechanism are presented for testing these approaches. The presented methods are of great practical importance because it uses movement parameters or operational characteristics that are decisive for this mechanism and have clear physical meaning.

Technical Solutions for Preventing the Development of Single-Phase Ground Faults and for Eliminating Them in 6–10 kV Power Plant Switchgears

The severity of the consequences from single-phase ground faults (SPGF) at the combined heat and power plants (CHPPs) operating as branches of PJSC Mosenergo is due to the following two main reasons: prolonged exposure to overvoltage and a significant wear of primary electrical equipment. The operation mode with a compensated neutral assumes setting up conditions for arc self-extinguishing at the SPGF location; however, in the majority of cases this does not happen. The practice of continuing the operation with an SPGF for several hours has a negative impact on the power plant electrical equipment and needs to be revised. To evaluate the influence of an SPGF in a 10 kV network on the reliability of power plant operation, the main electrical connection circuits and the adjacent network at 12 CHPP branches of the Mosenergo company is analyzed. The basic technical solutions aimed at preventing the development of and eliminating SPGFs in the 6–10 kV CHPP network are considered. In carrying out the analysis, the overvoltage modeling results were used with taking into account the feasibility of implementing various solutions at power plants. Based on the analysis results, the possible technical solutions have been divided into more and less efficient ones. For the majority of CHPPs, an efficient solution implies the transition from the compensated neutral grounding mode with holding an SPGF for a long period of time to low-impedance resistive neutral grounding with clearing the fault by the action of relay protection and automatic control devices

Social Housing for Workers in Industrial Zones in Vietnam - Concepts and Practical Solutions towards Sustainable Development. The Case Studies of Hanoi City

Economic growth associated with the rapid industrialization and urbanization over the past 30 years since Doi Moi (Reform) has facilitated the establishment and development of many industrial zones (IZs) in major cities of Vietnam. The high concentration of IZs in the largest cities has attracted millions of industrial laborers and created large migration waves from rural to urban areas. Establishing and improving the living environment of workers have become a huge pressure for the Government and local authorities across the country to deal with. Although the Government has issued numerous policies and incentives to encourage and support housing development for factory workers, there are still many conflicts and challenges in policy implementation. Through observational and questionnaire surveys supported with in-depth interviews of experts in urban planning and management, the research aims to understand clearly the context of social housing development for IZ workers in Vietnam recently, to demonstrate outstanding characters of different types of housing for factory workers as well as crucial issues related to social housing and informal housing for factory workers. Furthermore, the research proposes solutions including legal institutions, management mechanisms, industrial worker housing database establishment, and basic technical solutions (planning and spatial organization) in order to find out some appropriate concepts for social housing targeted at industrial workers and then to achieve social sustainable development.

REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAINING GUIDED BOMBS

Requirements of the modern battlefield enforce the use of precision assets of striking (PAS) including above all the guided bombs. Their high price compels the user for employment of exercise PAS equivalents in the training process. The article presents requirements for modern guided bombs. A general division of airborne bombs was made regarding the purpose, the method of use and the manner of bomb's movement. The specifics of dropping for guided and classic bombs are presented. The basic systems of guidance and control for precision assets of strike are reviewed. The article presents basic technical solutions used in a guided airborne exercise bomb (G-AEB) developed by the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), and compares them with specifications for production and using of newly designed exercise bombs of this family.

Радиационно-стойкое проектирование высокопроизводительных нанометровых КМОП СБИС «система-на-кристалле»

The influence of the dominant radiation effects in bulk CMOS IC and VLSI on their electrical parameters and characteristics is analyzed. The effects of scaling and electrical modes on device and parasitic n-MOS transistors on the radiation hardness parameters are considered. The methodology of radiation-hardening-by-design of system-on-chip (SoC) and SRAM was developed for the 250-90 nm bulk CMOS processes. Technical solutions are proposed that provide an increased level of total ionizing dose tolerance, failure tolerance, and the absence of the latch-up effect. The framework for high-performance radiation-hardened SoC and SRAM design, containing standard cell libraries and IP-blocks, has been created. Basic technical solutions are certified on special test chips and as part of developed VLSI.

Low-NO x Firing Systems with Swirl Burners Installed on Boilers PK-39-IIM and BKZ-420-140-5

The paper presents basic technical solutions for the firing system and design of the burners of boilers PK-39-IIM and BKZ-420-140-5 when firing Ekibastuz coal. The developed low-NO x firing systems ensure low nitrogen oxide emissions both at low cross-section heat release rates and high furnace cross-section heat release rates. Technical solutions developed for the firing systems are based on the simulation of coal combustion in furnaces of the mentioned boilers using ANSYS Fluent software.

Restoration of the Tsar-Bell Pedestal in the Moscow Kremlin

The report contains brief historic and technical information about the Tsar-Bell as well as the structure of its pedestal and gives a detailed description of the instrumental inspection performed to assess structural state of the monument which included examination of the pedestal broad stone/brick masonry and metal fixing elements, check drilling and probing. The inspection results set up the basis for the restoration works. The authors describe basic technical solutions for strengthening of the pedestal foundation and underlying soil providing structural stability and protection. Some of the solutions were tried out before to strengthen foundations of old historic buildings and cultural heritage monuments. Restoration procedure of the pedestal superstructure is explained in detail including refurbishment of its metal elements, internal and external lining, special drainage systems installed under the pedestal. It must be noted that the main idea of this interesting project was to choose appropriate technical solutions and materials which allowed not only to restore the monument but also to preserve its historic appearance.

Nuclear propulsion systems

The main results of the work done at the Research and Design Institute of Electrical Technology on the development of designs and the creation of nuclear steam-producing systems (SPS) for propulsion are presented: the SPS VM-A for the first Soviet nuclear powered submarine, the SPS V-5 for the most powerful and fastest submarine with design 661 in the world team, and the designs of the first SGS MBU-40 with an integrated reactor. The basic technical solutions incorporated in the design of an integrated reactor for an advanced steam generating system are described.

Air coolers designed by the company VNIINEFTEMASh

Basic technical solutions are presented for design improvements in air coolers operating under various conditions.

Aquatic modules for bioregenerative life support systems: Developmental aspects based on the space flight results of the C.E.B.A.S. mini-module

The Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System (C.E.B.A.S.) is an artificial aquatic ecosystem which contains teleost fishes, water snails, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and edible non-gravitropic water plants. It serves as a model for aquatic food production modules which are not seriously affected by microgravity and other space conditions. Its space flight version, the so-called C.E.B.A.S. MINI-MODULE was already successfidly tested in the STS-89 and STS-90 (NEUROLAB) missions. It will be flown a third time in space with the STS-107 mission in January 2003. All results obtained so far in space indicate that the basic concept of the system is more than suitable to drive forward its development. The C.E.B.A.S. MINI-MODULE is located within a middeck locker with limited space for additional components. These technical limitations allow only some modifications which lead to a maximum experiment time span of 120 days which is not long enough for scientifically essential multi-generation-experiments. The first necessary step is the development of “harvesting devices” for the different organisms. In the limited space of the plant bioreactor a high biomass production leads to self-shadowing effects which results in an uncontrolled degradation and increased oxygen consumption by microorganisms which will endanger the fishes and snails. It was shown already that the latter reproduce excellently in space and that the reproductive functions of the fish species are not affected. Although the parent-offspring-cannibalism of the ovoviviparous fish species ( Xiphophorus helleri) serves as a regulating factor in population dynamics an uncontrolled snail reproduction will also induce an increased oxygen consumption per se and a high ammonia concentration in the water. If harvesting locks can be handled by astronauts in, e. g., 4-week intervals their construction is not very difficult and basic technical solutions are already developed. The second problem is the feeding of the animals. Although C.E.B.A.S.-based aquaculture modules are designed to be closed food loop systems (edible herbivorous fish species and edible water plants) which are already verified on Earth this will not be possible in space without devices in which the animals are fed from a food storage. This has to be done at least once daily which would waste too much crew time when done by astronauts. So, the development of a reliable automated food dispenser has highest priority. Also in this case basic technical solutions are already elaborated. The paper gives a comprehensive overview of the poposed fiuther C.E.B.A.S.-based development of longer-term duration aquatic food production modules.

“Probabalistic Expert-Advisory System” Program Package for Probabalistic Analysis of Complex Technical Systems

In connection with the possible catastrophic consequences of failures and incidents in the operation of complicated technical systems, systems operational efficiency, and reliability assessment at the stage of design and selection of the basic technical solutions and during operation is one of the priorities when investigating public and environmental safety. To solve the problem, a method of probabilistic assessment of complex technical systems has been developed. This method is implemented in the program package “Probabilistic Expert-Advisory System” (PEAS). A characteristic feature of the method is a switch from point to integral probabilistic assessments and representation of the temporal characteristics of the process in the form of interval assessments.

Parametric series of canned electric pumps

Pumps with mechanical shaft seals are used for most applications in petroleum refineries involving explosive, flammable, or toxic liquids and liquefied gases. Experience in the operation of such pumps has demonstrated that mechanical seals, even those of high quality, cannot guarantee absolutely tight sealing. As the seals wear down, the fluid leakage increases; this is particularly true for liquefied gases. An analysis of the existing systems of mechanical seals shows that during their normal life, it is practically impossible to prevent leakage. Therefore, in pumping toxic or ecologically hazardous media, in particular liquefied gases, it is necessary to employ glandless pumps, i.e., canned pumps. On the basis of the requirements of NORSI, a parametric series of canned pumps has been systematized for production operations that now exist or will be started up in the future (see Table 1). All of the pumps in this series were developed by the Experimental Design Bureau of Machinery Construction (OKBM) of the Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, on the basis of canned electric pumps they had developed previously for shipboard atomic power units. The total service time accumulated by these pumps in ship reactor units was more than 15,000 years. The maximum operating time was accumulated in the atomic icebreaker Arktika in 22 years of operation without shutdowns or repairs: more than 120,000 h (10 pumps). In designing this series, use was made of basic technical solutions and know-how in the design of pumps for shipboard units to give them a high level of service qualities: vertical position; complete unloading of radial and support bearings by the action of hydraulic forces; specially designed bearings; silicided graphite as an antifriction material; seamless Nichrome protective sleeve of stator, welded to housing; external composite-welded housing of stator with sealed-in metal-ceramic electrical leads, preventing any penetration of the pumped liquid to the atmosphere, even with accidental damage of the protective sleeve of the stator. Of this series, NORSI is operating three GleN 70/65 canned electric pumps handling phenol. The first of these has operated for 28,150 h since 1981, the second 12,000 h since 1993, and the third 2000 h since 1994. Operation without maintenance or reworking will be continued up to the design operating life, 40,000 h. At that time; on the basis of inspection results, it will be decided whether to continue" the pumps in service.