Basic Swimming Research Articles

Enriching the Teaching of Basic Swimming Strokes in Aquatics Utilizing Contextualized Video Demonstration: An Action Research

Enriching the Teaching of Basic Swimming Strokes in Aquatics Utilizing Contextualized Video Demonstration: An Action Research

Investigation of the effect of basic swimming education course on some respiratory parameters of university students

In this study, the effect of 12-week basic swimming training of sports science students on some respiratory parameters was determined. In the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of Gümüşhane University School of Physical Education and Sports, 64 (111) male students who did not take swimming lessons and 47 who took swimming lessons participated voluntarily. The experimental group was given breath work for 12 weeks during the course content and for 10 minutes at the end. Measurements were taken from the students twice before and after the 12-week education. SPSS 25.0 program was used in the analysis of the data collected within the scope of the research. Independent comparison of age, height and body weight measurements of the athletes in the experimental and control groups. Samples T Test was used. In the comparison of time, group, group x time changes of FVC, MVV, VC and FEV1 measurements, Repeated Measures ANOVA analysis was used. Statistical significance level was taken as (p<0.05). As a result of the research, a significant result could not be reached in FVC and FEV1 values between Tests, Groups and Group x time intervals, whereas VC was only between tests. However, statistically significant differences were found between MVV and VC Tests, Groups and Group x Time values. In short, it has been shown that students who take swimming lessons have statistically higher lung volumes than students who do not take the lesson. However, swimming activity can be recommended to increase respiratory efficiency of university students.

Developing Underwater Video Media in Learning Basic Swimming Techniques

The purpose of this research was to develop instructional video media for basic swimming techniques using the ADDIE model. The development aims to (1) identify the feasibility level of the media through the responses of experts (2) the effectiveness of the media developed. The data were collected by using questionnaire and a field testing. The result of experts’ judges showed that content experts 64% (enough), learning media experts 76% (good) and learning design experts 78% (good). The results of the study were based on the responses of individual students 83% (good), small group 98.67% (very good), and large group 89.42% (very good). The students’ swimming performance was assessed based on distance, hand, feet, breathing, and coordination movements. The result of field testing showed that students’ swimming performance after the implementation of underwater video media was better than before the implementation (Sig.2-tailed=.001). Thus, the underwater video media is suitable to be used in teaching basic swimming technique based on the result of expert and field testing. This development research is expected to help in making, using and creating creative learning and to solve problems, especially in the material of swimming theory and practice.

Increased unintentional drowning deaths in 2020 by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and location, United States

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, one study in Australia showed an increase in drowning deaths in certain settings, while a study in China showed a decrease in drowning deaths. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drowning deaths in the United States is unknown. Objective: To report on unintentional drowning deaths among U.S. persons aged ≤29 years by demographic characteristics and compare 2020 fatal drowning rates with rates from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Data from CDC WONDER were analyzed to calculate unintentional drowning death rates among persons aged ≤29 years by age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and location of drowning. These rates were compared to drowning death rates for the previous 10 years (2010–2019). Results: In 2020, 1.26 per 100,000 persons aged ≤29 years died from unintentional drowning, a 16.79% increase from 2019. Drowning death rates decreased 1.81% per year on average (95% CI: −3.02%, −0.59%) from 2010 to 2019. The largest increases in unintentional drowning deaths from 2019 to 2020 occurred among young adults aged 20 to 24 years (44.12%), Black or African American persons (23.73%), and males (19.55%). The location with the largest increase in drowning was natural water (26.44%). Conclusion: Drowning death rates among persons aged ≤29 years significantly increased from 2019 to 2020. Further research is needed to understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on drowning and identify how drowning prevention strategies can be adapted and strengthened. Practical applications: Drowning remains a leading cause of injury death among persons aged ≤29 years. However, drowning is preventable. Interventions such as learning basic swimming and water safety skills, and consistent use of lifejackets on boats and among weaker swimmers in natural water, have the potential to reduce drowning deaths. Developing strategies that ensure equitable access to these interventions may prevent future drowning.

Application of ecological dynamics principles to drowning prevention

Drowning has been identified as the cause of over 2.5 million preventable deaths globally in the past decade. Lower- and middle-income countries in Asia have recorded the highest numbers of drowning worldwide and children seem particularly vulnerable. Drowning is a complex phenomenon informed by multiple interacting factors, and the majority of deaths occur in natural environments such as ponds, ditches, rivers and oceans. Any potential drowning prevention strategy should acknowledge the important relationships that are created between individuals and their environment in water safety education. In this article, we share how the ecological dynamics theoretical perspective can help inform our understanding of drowning prevention. First, we review recent drowning prevention recommendations provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Next, we discuss how well WHO's recommendations align with the principles of ecological dynamics. It is acknowledged that in many Asian countries, there are considerable challenges to delivering WHO's drowning prevention interventions. Teaching children basic swimming, water safety and self-rescue skills remains the most practical means to prevent drowning. The relevant scale of analysis for understanding behaviour is the individual-environment relationship. Specifically, the relative fit between these components may dictate how well water safety skills are learnt. Considerations such as installing barriers and adequate supervision around water can be scaffolded alongside an understanding of affordances in the context of water safety. We conclude that water safety education informed by an ecological dynamics approach is an effective partnership to help tackle the drowning pandemic.

PKM PENDAMPINGAN DAN PELATIHAN OLAHRAGA RENANG UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI

Promoting swimming from the community, including young people, requires serious attention. Because swimming is not only talking about physical fitness development activities related to improving motor skills but also relating to strengthening national identity in this era of globalization. Without the intervention of the transformation of swimming, the Indonesian nation will be worse off because it is a nation that does not have a strong character. To strengthen the sport of swimming, efforts are made to collect data and standardize swimming from an early age to adulthood. Furthermore, it is necessary to socialize swimming sports through PkM activities. In this context, placing swimming as part of the curriculum for learning swimming in early childhood is an important thing to do. Through various ways in introducing the sport of swimming, it can become part of the life of the Indonesian nation itself and is ready to build the nation towards a nation that has character and has the identity of the Indonesian nation. The formation of early childhood character through swimming. In today's era, many children prefer advanced technology compared to actual sports, this will have an impact on social interaction and character in children. At the time of doing the introduction of swimming with an indirect play approach to instill the values ??of being sporty, honest, tenacious, and patient. PkM aims to 1) Provide Knowledge to partners related to basic swimming techniques in early childhood and the dominant physical component in swimming, 2) Provide partner knowledge in the utilization of science and technology and sports in swimming in early childhood, 3) Provide swimming guidebooks in early childhood so that partners can provide pursuit for the introduction of water in basic swimming techniques in early childhood. Quality and productive, where so far the teachers only do teaching following experience and do not document the development of their learners. The method implemented in this activity is based on the results of discussions between the proposer and partners, Furthermore, the researcher concluded that the priority of the problem agreed to be resolved during the implementation of the PkM program is to provide education and training accompanied by practice to partners making basic swimming instruction modules in early childhood where the content in the guidance on the utilization of the development of sports science and technology is the basic technique of swimming in children. Early age that will facilitate partners by utilizing guidebook products is considered the level of attractiveness, effectiveness, and efficiency of the swimming guidebook developed/modified by the Service team. PkM results can be concluded that swimming assistance and training for early childhood can increase the enthusiasm of students in participating in these activities, this is evidenced by students feeling happy through water games, safety in the water, moving skills through the approach of play

An Analysis Of Freestyle Swimming Technique on Students the Physical Education, Health And Leisure Study Program

The purpose of the study. The purpose of this study is to describe the technique of freestyle swimming in terms of: body position, hand movements, foot movements, breath taking movements and movement coordination. Materials and methods. Determine the level of mastery of the freestyle swimming technique in the students of the Physical Education Study Program at the Universitas Pahlawan who attend basic swimming lectures. Is it classified as very good, good, less or less. This research is descriptive, the population of this research is 20 students. Results. the level of mastery of technique on the body position indicator is 66% and the error rate is 34%, then the hand rotation indicator is 66 % and the error rate is 34%, then the foot movement indicator (Kicking) is 70% and the error rate is 30%. Furthermore, the level of mastery of techniques in breathing (breating) is 68.5% and the error rate is 30%, then the level of mastery of techniques in coordination is 68.5% and the error rate is 31.5%. Conclusions. Concluded that the level of mastery of technique on each indicator of the freestyle swimming technique

The 2021 Joseph St Geme, Jr, Leadership Award Address: The Role of Structural Racism in Injuries to Children and Adolescents.

The 2021 Joseph St Geme, Jr, Leadership Award Address: The Role of Structural Racism in Injuries to Children and Adolescents.

Basic Swimming Style Crawl Engineering Skills Survey in Athletes Ages 10-12

This study aims to: 1.To know the basic technique skills of crawl style swimming in the Kebumen swimming club association students. 2. Knowing the factors of difficulty experienced by students in learning the basic motion skills of crawl style swimming 3. Students are able to apply the basic movements of swimming with the right steps. This research was conducted on the students of the Kebumen swimming club association in Gossi Kebumen. The research plan is carried out in November 2021. The sample referred to in this study is 20 students in the 10-12 year age group who take part in basic swimming skills training. Descriptive data analysis was entered to get an overview of the data including the average, standard deviation, maximum data, minimum data, range, frequency table and graphs. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded: 1. Freestyle swimming skills measured using a stopwatch on students aged 10-12 years at the swimming club association in Kebumen showed that 50% of students had very poor swimming skills, 25% students have poor swimming skills and 25% of students have sufficient skills. 2. The category of skills that dominates the most in students is very low ability. Contributing to further research is to conduct research on more intense exercises on crawl swimming style techniques need to be done by athletes and also strategies to improve the ability of athletes in crawl style swimming.Keywords: Swimming, Crawl Style, Basic Swimming Technique

Kinematics and hydrodynamics analyses of swimming penguins: wing bending improves propulsion performance.

Penguins are adapted to underwater life and have excellent swimming abilities. Although previous motion analyses revealed their basic swimming characteristics, the details of the 3D wing kinematics, wing deformation and thrust generation mechanism of penguins are still largely unknown. In this study, we recorded the forward and horizontal swimming of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at an aquarium with multiple underwater action cameras and then performed a 3D motion analysis. We also conducted a series of water tunnel experiments with a 3D printed rigid wing to obtain lift and drag coefficients in the gliding configuration. Using these coefficients, the thrust force during flapping was calculated in a quasi-steady manner, where the following two wing models were considered: (1) an 'original' wing model reconstructed from 3D motion analysis including bending deformation and (2) a 'flat' wing model obtained by flattening the original wing model. The resultant body trajectory showed that the penguin accelerated forward during both upstroke and downstroke. The motion analysis of the two wing models revealed that considerable bending occurred in the original wing, which reduced its angle of attack during the upstroke in particular. Consequently, the calculated stroke-averaged thrust was larger for the original wing than for the flat wing during the upstroke. In addition, the propulsive efficiency for the original wing was estimated to be 1.8 times higher than that for the flat wing. Our results unveil a detailed mechanism of lift-based propulsion in penguins and underscore the importance of wing bending.

The relationship of arm muscle strength, limb muscle explosive and movement coordination with swimming speed bracelet on students of physical education, health and recreation

This study aims to determined the relationship arm muscle strength, limb muscle explosive and movement coordination with coordination with swimming speed bracelet on students PENJASKESREK at Serambi Mekkah University. The population in this studied were all student PENJASKESREK at Serambi Mekkah University. Based on the purposive sampling technique, the samples totaling 30 students who had passed the T.P. Basic Swimming and T.P. Advanced Swimming. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that arm muscle strength gave a relationship of 0.52 to the speed of breaststroke swimming in students, limb muscle explosive gave a relationship of 0.44 to the speed of breaststroke swimming to students, movement coordination gave a relationship of 0,42 with the speed of breaststroke swimming to students. The concluded that arm muscle strength, limb muscle explosive and movement coordination were related by 0.79 with the breaststroke swimming speed on Students at Serambi Mekkah University. So the hypothesis that the author proposed was accepted as true.

Selection of the Best Swimming Athletes using MCDM-AHP and VIKOR Methods

The process of selecting the best swimming athletes is carried out in several test stages, the first is the ability in the four basic swimming styles which often contested in international competitions and the second test is the basic physical abilities possessed by a number of swimming athletes. The tests related to the swimming style consist of breaststroke swimming, butterfly swimming, backstroke swimming and crawlstroke swimming, while the plyometrics test consists of banded knee jump, squat jump, jump to side, and dept jump, Due to the large number of selections, a test is required for every athlete. The purpose of this selection is to find the best swimming athletes who will be competed in the international swimming class event. The nine athletes of millenium aquatic swimming club that were selected previously, they are the forerunners of the selected swimming athletes and will be evaluated on a representative basis, which is the best among the nine athletes. The method used in the evaluation and selection process uses two continuous methods, namely the AHP and VIKOR methods. From the results selection assessment, it was found that the best three of the nine nominations selected, the first position selected was AT2 with an index 0.00, the second position was AT8 with an index 0.25 and the third position was AT7 with an index 0.61. Thus it can be concluded that the AHP and VIKOR methods can be used as decision support to determine optimally in the optimal selection process for swimming athletes.

Effect of training using the technology of teaching basic competitive swimming techniques to children with cerebral palsy

Purpose: According to many scholars, sport is essential for social adaptation and integration of people with disabilities. Therefore, it is important to research innovative technologies for teaching competitive swimming technique to 8-10-year- old children with cerebral palsy. The aim of this study is to develop the technology of teaching competitive swimming techniques to children with cerebral palsy and to evaluate its effectiveness for mastering the front crawl swimming technique. Materials and methods: analysis of scientific literature, questionnaires (e-correspondence), pedagogical experiment, expert survey, determination of the coefficient of technique efficiency, statistical methods. A total of 15 qualified swimming coaches participated in this study. The experiment involved 29 children who were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Results: the main means of technology implementation is the web-based information system SwimCP (Swimming with Cerebral Palsy), which promotes effective swimming teaching for children with cerebral palsy at the initial stage of sports training by selecting and recommending an approximate complex of exercises that take into account the peculiarities of motor disturbance in accordance with the specific form of cerebral palsy and the stage of motor activity training. Conclusion: using expert assessment and the coefficient of swimming technique efficiency determination, it is confirmed that the proposed technology of teaching basic competitive swimming techniques to children with cerebral palsy is effective.
 Resumen: Objetivo: Según muchos estudiosos destacados, el deporte es fundamental para la adaptación social y la integración de las personas con discapacidad. Por lo tanto, es importante investigar modelos innovadores para enseñar brazadas de natación competitiva a niños con parálisis cerebral. El objetivo del estudio es diseñar el modelo pedagógico de enseñanza de los estilos básicos de natación competitiva a niños con parálisis cerebral y evaluar su efectividad para dominar el estilo de natación estilo crol. Material y métodos: Se utilizó una metodología de investigación selectiva. Implicó la recopilación directa de datos gracias a la encuesta a los participantes. Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de dominio de la brazada de natación utilizado por los niños que aplicaron este modelo diseñado fue objetivamente mayor en comparación con los mismos indicadores de entrenamiento relacionados con el método tradicional. Conclusiones: Basándonos en la evaluación de la eficiencia de la brazada de natación, creemos que el modelo pedagógico propuesto de enseñar las brazadas básicas de natación competitiva a niños con parálisis cerebral es eficaz.

Concurrent Validity of Front-Crawl Swimming Competence through Measurement of Basic Swimming Abilities for Beginners

Concurrent Validity of Front-Crawl Swimming Competence through Measurement of Basic Swimming Abilities for Beginners

Persistent Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Fatal Unintentional Drowning Rates Among Persons Aged ≤29 Years - United States, 1999-2019.

During 1999-2019, a total of 81,947 unintentional drowning deaths occurred in the United States (1). Drowning is one of the three leading causes of unintentional injury death among persons aged ≤29 years and results in more deaths among children aged 1-4 years than any other cause except birth defects (2). Drowning death rates have decreased since 1990 (declining by 57% worldwide and by 32% in the United States) (3). However, because of racial/ethnic disparities in drowning risk, rates remain high among certain racial/ethnic groups, particularly American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons and Black or African-American (Black) persons (4). To assess whether decreasing drowning death rates have been accompanied by reductions in racial/ethnic disparities, and to further describe these disparities by age group and setting, CDC analyzed U.S. mortality data during 1999-2019. The drowning death rate among persons aged ≤29 years was 1.3 per 100,000 population. The rate per 100,000 among AI/AN persons (2.5) and Black persons (1.8) was higher than among all other racial/ethnic groups and was 2.0 and 1.5 times higher than among White persons (1.2). Racial/ethnic disparities in drowning death rates did not significantly decline for most groups, and the disparity in rates among Black persons compared with White persons increased significantly from 2005-2019. Drowning death rates are associated with persistent and concerning racial/ethnic disparities. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to drowning disparities is needed. Implementing and evaluating community-based interventions, including those promoting basic swimming and water safety skills, among disproportionately affected racial/ethnic groups could help reduce drowning disparities.

Exploring the impact of a student-centred survival swimming programme for primary school students in Australia: the perceptions of parents, children and teachers

Teaching basic swimming, water safety and rescue skills is recommended by the World Health Organization for all school-aged children. However, there is a lack of evidence on effective pedagogies to develop swimming competency and the success of swimming lessons as a drowning prevention intervention. This study used a self-report questionnaire and practical testing procedures to examine the effectiveness of a 10-week student-centred aquatic programme designed for children aged 10–12 years. The study also determined whether the non-traditional swimming programme was accepted by swim teachers, school teachers and principals, and parents from a range of schools from different geographical regions in Victoria, Australia. A total of 204 students were enrolled in the programme. The pre-programme results indicated a good level of swimming, water safety and aquatic knowledge, but low swimming ability. Swimming ability significantly improved from pre-programme to post-programme, with no significant post-programme ability differences between male and female children or for participants from different programmes. Qualitative feedback collected through questionnaires, interviews and/or focus groups from students ( n = 73) and parents ( n = 69), school teachers and principals ( n = 14), swim teachers and swim school managers ( n = 21) indicated strong support from principals and swim teachers for the student-centred pedagogy, and all stakeholders valued the focus on survival swimming competencies. This research highlights the importance of including stakeholders when designing and implementing aquatics programmes. The study has resulted in a well-founded, effective programme with tailored resources and instructional materials that are available for swim centres and schools that would enable schools globally to adopt and implement this programme.

Descriptive epidemiology and correlates of children’s swimming competence

ABSTRACT This study examined the swimming competence of primary school children, and how it was related to swimming activity, non-fatal aquatic events, and demographic factors. Primary school students (N = 4959; female = 2705, male = 2241; age range = 5 to 14 years) across 28 schools in the 15 districts of Hong Kong completed the Swimming Competence Questionnaire, and questions about their swimming experience, non-fatal aquatic events, and demographic variables. Descriptive statistics showed that over 60% of children could swim more than 5m, but less than 50% could swim over 25m. Over 50% of children were able to perform some basic swimming skills (e.g., holding breath underwater, floating, poolside/kickboard kicking, and treading water). Swimming competence was positively predicted by the demographic factors (i.e., age, sex, family income, and parents’ highest education level), swimming experience, learning experience, and swimming location. Treading water was the only factor of swimming competence that established asignificant negative association with non-fatal aquatic events. Current results can be used to target key groups to improve children’s swimming competence and reduce non-fatal aquatic events; children from lower socio-economic backgrounds and with less swimming experience should be encouraged to participate in more formal learn to swim lessons.

Aquatic Games Effectiveness in Controlling Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children

This research aims to identify the effect of aquatic games on: all aspectsADHD in children through an evaluation scale (Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity) and learning basic swimming skills. Both researchers used the experimental approach using pretest and posttests on a single experimental group. Participants have been chosen through purposive sampling from ADHD children studying at schools in Helwan and 15th of May cities. The sample consists of 40 children between the ages of 5 and 7. This sample was divided in a pilot study group (20 children) and a main study group (20 children). 5 children have been eliminated due to irregularities in attendance; therefore, the main sample is 15 ADHD children. Results mainly showed statistically significant differences in favor of the post-test in the following: 1. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and all of its elements as the percentage of improvement reached (31.39%) for family inattention, (23.57%) for family inattention, (24.71%) for family hyperactivity, (26.47%) for school hyperactivity, (26.29%) for family impulsivity, and (27.56%) for school impulsivity. The total of the family evaluation scale achieved (26.67%) improvement, and the school scale reached an improvement of (25.64%), making the improvement of the overall scale (26.15%) 2. There was also a noticeable improvement in favor of the post-test in basic skills like: adapting to the water, breathing, opening the eyes, floating, sliding, moving in the water, jumping and standing in the water. The rate of change in the posttest showed an increase of (236.09%-309.64%).

Comparison of physical fitness levels of artistic swimmers according to adoption of artistic swimmer national team trials physical fitness test

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the physical fitness levels among artistic swimmers in artistic swimmer national team trials. It is aimed to strengthen the physical fitness evaluation criteria of the national team and construct a physical fitness evaluation item suitable for an artistic swimming event. Methods A total of twenty two female elite artistic swimmers participated in this national team selection trial. Measurement list was performed body composition (Height, Weight, Body fat(%), Skeletal muscle mass, Lean body mass, BMI, Shoulder width, Arm span), Basic physical fitness (Push-up, Sit-up, Chin-up, Endurance of trunk backward extension and Sargent jump), Flexibility (Trunk backward extension, Shoulder flexibility, Frog position and Underwater split R, L) and Swimming test (100 m freestyle, 400 m freestyle). Data were analyzed by Independent t-test using SPSS Statistics ver 25.0. Results Age and skeletal muscle mass were significant difference between the two groups (p<.05). Also, 400 m swimming test was significantly different (p<.001). However, there were no significant differences in basic physical fitness and flexibility. Conclusions These results suggest that selected athletes are excellent not only in acting but also in physical fitness. Based on these results, it is necessary to construct a physical fitness items for the preliminary artistic swimming and to classify the physical fitness evaluation criteria according to the characteristics of the artistic swimmers.

Pengembangan Metode CST (Communicative Swimming Training) Untuk Mengatasi Phobia Air Pada Anak Usia Dini

This study aims to develop a common communication between swimming trainers and students then poured into a method or procedure that can be used to overcome water phobia in early childhood, namely CST (communicative Swimming Training) method. CST method has 11 steps or steps that can be followed to overcome water phobia in early childhood. This method is given in a communicative manner in the form of seduction, using good words, firm and accompanied by basic swimming techniques to be used in children who experience water phobias. The effectiveness of this method is evidenced by the decrease in the percentage percentage of the amount of data in the subject I decreased by 39% and on the subject II there was a decrease of 42% taken from the difference between the data before and after the trial. This proves that this method can reduce water phobia experienced by early childhood and this method is more effective at an early age because emotional in early childhood can still be regulated than the age of pre-adolescence or about 9 years and above. The need for repetition of treatment that researchers provide to accelerate the healing of water phobias experienced by the child and do not forget to always pay attention to the health conditions of children who experience water phobia.