Basic Subsystems Research Articles

Improvement of the real-time processor in JT-60 data processing system

Real-time processor, RTP is a basic subsystem in the JT-60 data processing system and plays an important role in JT-60 feedback control for plasma experiment. During the experiment, RTP acquires various diagnostic signals, processes them into a form of physical values, and transfers them as sensor signals to the particle supply and heating control supervisor for feedback control via reflective memory synchronization with 1 ms clock signals. After the start of RTP operation in 1997, to meet the demand for advanced plasma experiment, RTP had been improved continuously such as by addition of diagnostic signals with faster digitizers, reducing time for data transfer utilizing reflective memory instead of CAMAC. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain, manage, and improve the outdated RTP with limited system CPU capability. Currently, a prototype RTP system is being developed for the next real-time processing system, which is composed of clustered system utilizing VxWorks computer. The processes on the existing RTP system will be decentralized to the VxWorks computer to solve the issues of the existing RTP system. The prototype RTP system will start to operate in August 2008.

Statistical learning of conditional orthographic correspondences

The English writing system deviates widely from the alphabetic ideal of uniform one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes, but its inconsistency is greatly reduced when conditional sound–spelling rules are applied. When reading or writing one part of a word, children and adults evinced knowledge of rules sensitive to the identity of other letters or phonemes, even those appearing much later in the word. Adults also showed sensitivity to the distinction between the basic and Romance subsystems of English (Albrow’s Systems 1 and 2). Children as young as 6 years applied conditional rules that they were not taught, indicating implicit statistical learning of patterns observed in text. But learning is imperfect, and even adults did not match the frequency with which the patterns are found in English words.

PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MEDICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE

The analysis of basic descriptions of the medical information systems which are offered nowadays at the market is conducted. Key factors which influence on efficiency of the use of medical information systems in practice of healthcare are selected. The most perspective approaches to introduction and realization of functioning the basic subsystems of application software in the field of informatization of diagnostic and therapeutic process are represented. Advantages of domestic medical information systems “TherDep” are considered as the means of automatization management of medical document for doctors.

Modular crystals as modulated structures: the case of the lillianite homologous series

The use of the superspace formalism is extended to the description and refinement of the homologous series of modular structures with two symmetry-related modules with different orientations. The lillianite homologous series has been taken as a study case. Starting from a commensurate modulated composite description with two basic subsystems corresponding to the two different modules, it is shown how a more efficient description can be achieved using so-called zigzag modulation functions. These linear zigzag modulations, newly implemented in the program JANA2006, have very large fixed amplitudes and introduce in the starting model the two orientations of the underlying module sublattices. We show that a composite approach with this type of function, which treats the cations and anions as two separate subsystems forming a misfit compound, is the most appropriate and robust method for the refinements.

Dynamic information handling in continuous time Boolean Network model of gene interactions

Growing information and knowledge on gene regulatory networks, which are typical hybrid systems, has led a significant interest in modeling those networks. An important direction of gene network modeling is studying the abstract network models to understand the behavior of a class of systems. Boolean Networks has emerged as an important model class on this direction. Limitations of traditional Boolean Networks led the researchers to propose several generalizations. In this work, one such class, the Continuous Time Boolean Networks (CTBN’s), is studied. CTBN’s are constructed by allowing the Boolean variables evolve in continuous time and involve a biologically-motivated refractory period. In particular, we analyze the basic circuits and subsystems of the class of CTBN’s. We demonstrate the existence of various qualitative dynamic behavior including stable, multistable, neutrally stable, quasiperiodic and chaotic behaviors. We show that those models are capable of demonstrating highly adjustable features like maintenance of continuous protein concentrations. Finally, we discuss the relation between qualitative dynamic features and information handling.

Prototype of Web-based project management system

The prototype the Web - based project management system WebPMS is described. The basic functions and subsystems of such system which allow supporting realization of all phases of life cycle of development and performance of projects are considered. The description of features of the system, software realization and experience of its application are given

EFFECTS OF AIR AND FUEL FLOW ON THE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE FOR A TURBOSHAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE PART I: MODELING AND SIMULATION

The dynamic performance of a turboshaft gas turbine engine is investigated in this paper. The air flows inlet to the engine and to the power turbine, are controlled by means of two guide vanes cascade. The displacement of the inlet guide vanes is controlled by means of two electrohydraulic servo actuators. The fuel flow rate is controlled by another electrohydraulic controller incorporating a series pressure compensated flow control valve. The equation describing the basic system subsystems and controllers were deduced and applied to develop a simulation program. The simulation program of the electrohydraulic servo controllers was validated experimentally. The engine dynamic performance is studied theoretically using the developed computer simulation program. Simulated results are shown for the transient response of the engine air and fuel flow control systems and its effect on the engine performance. The simulation results of engine air flow control show an agreement with the validated experimental results.

LCA-IWM: A decision support tool for sustainability assessment of waste management systems

The paper outlines the most significant result of the project ‘The use of life cycle assessment tools for the development of integrated waste management strategies for cities and regions with rapid growing economies’, which was the development of two decision-support tools: a municipal waste prognostic tool and a waste management system assessment tool. The article focuses on the assessment tool, which supports the adequate decision making in the planning of urban waste management systems by allowing the creation and comparison of different scenarios, considering three basic subsystems: (i) temporary storage; (ii) collection and transport and (iii) treatment, disposal and recycling. The design and analysis options, as well as the assumptions made for each subsystem, are shortly introduced, providing an overview of the applied methodologies and technologies. The sustainability assessment methodology used in the project to support the selection of the most adequate scenario is presented with a brief explanation of the procedures, criteria and indicators applied on the evaluation of each of the three sustainability pillars.

The Role of Observables and Non-observables in Chemistry: A Critique of Chemical Language

In this paper, aspects of observable and non-observable based models are discussed. A survey of recent literature was done to show how using non-observable-based language carelessly may cause disagreement, even in professional research programs and incorrect assertions, even in prestigious journals. The relation between physical measurements and observables is discussed and it is shown that, in contrast to general belief, this relation may be complicated and not always straightforward. The decomposition of the system into basic subsystems (physical or conceptual) is traced as the origin of non-observable-based languages. The possibility of defining new quantum mechanical observables for open quantum subsystems and of replacing them with non-observable-based concepts has been mentioned and the AIM theory is explained as an example. An account of some current non-observable-based models for molecular geometry is discussed and it is shown that not all non-observable-based languages possess the same effectiveness. In the end, the need to develop a clear chemical language is stressed.

Development and application of the Modelica library TechThermo

The general-purpose simulation language Modelica was created to improve the efficiency of modelling activities by application of object-oriented principles. The concept of reuse of models demands the organization of components in libraries. TechThermo is a base library for simulation of transient systems in engineering thermodynamics. The models included in this library represent the fundamental processes needed in a wide range of applications; only problem-specific models must be added. TechThermo consists of interface definitions, models for imposing boundary conditions, thermophysical property correlations, descriptions for heat and mass transfer, models of basic technical components and simplified subsystems. The simulation of a storage system for a solar – thermal power plant is used to demonstrate the application of TechThermo. About 90% of the source code defining this example is contributed by models taken from TechThermo.

The socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989

The aim of this paper is to present the socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989. The Polish changes reached the structures of the three basic subsystems of the state: political (power), social (society), and economic (the economy). The systemic transformation that has taken place in Poland after 1989 is most readily visible in towns, although it was introduced in the country as a whole. For the development and transforma-tion of towns, the most important were the introduction of local government structures and the market model of the economy. The restitution of local government has ensured towns an authentic manager authorised to perform his function by the local community. The in-troduction of the market model to the economy has resulted in its privatisation and the ap-pearance of enterprise and competition. Towns, especially the biggest cities, have become attractive locations for investment. Cities with a balanced economic structure and well-de-veloped infrastructure had much better chances for growth to start with. Unfortunately, the transformation period has also had some detrimental effects, the most important being un-employment and all kinds of social deviance. However, Polish cities are certainly different today and resemble Western cities to a greater extent than did the so-called socialist towns built along theoretically beautiful but practically ineffectual ideological lines.

The socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989

The aim of this paper is to present the socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989. The Polish changes reached the structures of the three basic subsystems of the state: political (power), social (society), and economic (the economy). The systemic transformation that has taken place in Poland after 1989 is most readily visible in towns, although it was introduced in the country as a whole. For the development and transforma-tion of towns, the most important were the introduction of local government structures and the market model of the economy. The restitution of local government has ensured towns an authentic manager authorised to perform his function by the local community. The in-troduction of the market model to the economy has resulted in its privatisation and the ap-pearance of enterprise and competition. Towns, especially the biggest cities, have become attractive locations for investment. Cities with a balanced economic structure and well-de-veloped infrastructure had much better chances for growth to start with. Unfortunately, the transformation period has also had some detrimental effects, the most important being un-employment and all kinds of social deviance. However, Polish cities are certainly different today and resemble Western cities to a greater extent than did the so-called socialist towns built along theoretically beautiful but practically ineffectual ideological lines.

THE GENERATION OF VELOCITY PROFILES WITH AN ARTIFICIAL SIMULATOR

A few years ago, a Kinematic Theory was proposed to analyze rapid human movements. The theory is based on a delta-lognormal equation which can be used to globally describe the basic properties of velocity profiles using seven parameters. This realistic model has been of great use to solve pattern recognition problems (signature verification, handwriting analysis and segmentation, etc.). To go further in that direction, a better understanding of the model is a prerequisite. This can be either in the context of psychophysical studies involving human subjects or in the context of computer simulations. In this paper, we use the same model form to develop a simulator that generates human-like velocity profiles. A basic subsystem model is both proposed and constructed with a Simulink Matlab tool; then many of these are connected to create an artificial neuromuscular network. Combining two networks in parallel, one agonist and the other antagonist, a synergy simulator is constructed. The similarity of the velocity patterns produced by the simulator is analyzed using a delta-lognormal parameter extractor. It is shown that the parameters extracted from artificially generated profiles vary in the same intervals as those of experimental profiles produced by human subjects. In future works the simulator tool will be used to study the control of rapid human movements.

Dual-Rate Integration Using Partitioned Runge-Kutta Methods for Mechanical Systems with Interacting Subsystems#

A framework is presented allowing dual-rate numerical integration of the equations of mechanical system dynamics to be considered as a form of Partitioned Runge-Kutta (PRK) integration. Certain coefficients of a PRK integrator are set to zero, so that Runge-Kutta integrators that constitute the PRK integrator can be made to have different numbers of stages. As a result, one Runge-Kutta integrator requires fewer function evaluations than the other does, which is a form of dual-rate integration. Well-established order of accuracy theory for PRK integrators is used to develop a rigorous methodology for designing explicit PRK dual-rate integrators. Stabilized Runge-Kutta theory developed for single-rate Runge-Kutta integrators is combined with PRK integrator theory to design PRK dual-rate integrators with the largest possible stability regions. Dual-rate PRK integrators created using these approaches are used to simulate the dynamics of vehicle systems that contain subsystems with higher frequency response characteristics than do the basic vehicle subsystems. #The work presented here was published in 2000 as Siddhartha S. Shome's Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Iowa, Dual-Rate Integration Using Partitioned Runge-Kutta Methods for Mechanical Systems with Interacting Subsystems.

Controllability of switched time-delay systems under constrained switching

Different from the existing mathematical models for switched systems, where the switching from one subsystem to another subsystem is finished instantly, in this paper it is assumed that the switching is a transfer process. Moreover, there exists a basic transfer subsystem such that in the transfer process, the transfer subsystem is active. Based on the model of switched systems under constrained switching, this paper studies the controllability of such systems with time delay in the control function. A necessary and sufficient condition for controllability of such systems is established. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the utility of our results.

Construction of energy and environmental information systems

Rational developments of energy systems of different scale (local, national or global) need a complex system of information. The author presents such a system, creating the principles of a virtual model of energy and environment at the regional scale. The information system consists of two basic subsystems—energy and environment. The system information should be supplied with a stream of data, from environmental monitoring. The main problems discussed in the article are renewable energy resources and their presentation in the information system. The author also presents the following: (1) influence of energy processes on the environment; (2) classification of the influence of waste on the environment; (3) the influence of products and technological processes on the environment; and (4) techniques of material waste elimination.

Modeling and Simulation of Specialized River Terminals for Bulk Cargo Unloading with Modeling of the Elementary Sub-Systems

This paper presents modeling and simulation of specialized river terminals for bulk cargo unloading. The system consists of two basic sub-systems: Anchorage and vessel-operative coast, while the second basic sub-system consists of three sub-basic systems: Unloading mechanization, conveyor and storage. The sub-basic system unloading mechanization contains two elementary sub-systems - crane. Each crane unloads bulk cargo on its own in different berth. Modeling of the elementary sub-system crane and results which are used in modeling and simulation of the whole system are given. Servicing in the system is divided into three phases with different number of servers. First two phases are connected with anchorage while third phase is connected with vessel-operative coast. Results of the simulation modeling according to arrival rate of vessel composition and time in which the system was observed (non-stationary and stationary work of the system) are specified and given.

A new approach to production regularity assessment in the oil and chemical industries

This article presents a new approach to production regularity assessment in the oil and chemical industries. The production regularity is measured by the throughput capacity distribution. A brief survey of some existing techniques is presented, and the structure of the new approach is introduced. The proposed approach is based on analytical methods, i.e. no simulation is necessary. The system modeling is split into three levels: components, basic subsystems, and merged subsystems, and two modeling methods are utilized: Markov modeling and a rule-based method. The main features of the approach are as follows: (1) short calculation time; (2) systems of dependent components can be modeled; (3) maintenance strategies can be modeled; and (4) a variety of system configurations can be modeled. A simple case study is used to demonstrate how the proposed approach can be applied.

Real time processor in JT-60 data processing system

Real time processor, RTP, is a basic subsystem in the JT-60 data processing system and plays an important role in JT-60 feedback control utilizing various diagnostic signals. An original mini-computer system was replaced in 1994 with a workstation. It has 2 CPU's with a real-time parallel UNIX. During the experiment, one CPU communicates with the main computer synchronized with the experimental sequence, and the other executes a real-time process with 1 ms clock. RTP has been upgraded to a compatible RISC workstation with a faster A/D converter in 1997 in response to increased requests of handling the increased signals in more complicated manners. After this upgrade, an elapsed time is reduced to ∼75% and an I/O time is now dominant. To reduce a CAMAC access time, we try to use a reflective memory for the data transfer. Now RTP handles six kinds of signals to control an electron density, a neutron emission, an electron density and a radiation in the divertor region, and a neutral pressure. RTP will handle five more kinds of signals this year and be used for an advanced control with more complicated processing.

The Forced Damped Pendulum: Chaos, Complication and Control

We show that a simple differential equation modeling a garden-variety damped forced pendulum can exhibit extraordinarily complicated and unstable behavior. While instability and control might at first glance appear contradictory, we can use the pendulum's instability to control it. Such results are vital in robotics: the forced pendulum is a basic subsystem of any robot. Most of the mathematical methods used in this paper were initially developed in celestial mechanics, largely by Poincare. The literature of the field tends to be quite advanced indeed (see [1] and [11]); one object of this paper is to show that computer programs, properly used, can make these advanced topics transparent. All the computer-generated pictures in this paper were produced by the programs Planar Systems and Planar Iterations [6], both written by Ben Hinkle (now at Maple). 1. SOME PARALLELS IN CELESTIAL MECHANICS. When I was a graduate