Basic Substances Research Articles

Evaluating a Sampling Regime for Estimating the Levels of Contamination and the Sources of Elements in Soils Collected from a Rapidly Industrialized Town in Guangdong Province, China.

Gaogang Town, a typical urban center within the Pearl River Delta region of China, suffers contamination of soils with metals/metalloids due to rapid development of industrial activities and agriculture. Few studies have been conducted to systematically describe the main sources, influencing factors, and ecological risks of metals/metalloids in soils in China. In this study, 312 surface soil samples were collected, and 15 elements were detected by plasma emission spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, and atomic emission spectrometry. Element content features were analyzed by index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index(RI), positive matrix factorization model (PMF), and geostatistical analysis. The PLI value is between 0 and 1, indicating that the whole study area is lightly polluted. Combining PMF model and geostatistical analysis, soil elements in surface soils of Gaogang town were quantitatively apportioned into four sources: parent material and basic substances (23.5%), natural sources (32.2%), agricultural activities and industrial pollution (22.9%), and transportation (21.4%). The comprehensive analysis results show that polluted areas are mainly distributed on roads, rivers, and industrial and human activity areas. The main sources of ecological risks are factory pollution and human activity. Finally, we found that a quarter of the sampling density was the best sample size for this study.

MERCURY REMOVAL FROM DAIRY WASTEWATER BY USING MEMBRANE DISTILLATION

Milk is one of the essential and necessary nutrients and maybe a basic substance in some places and all stages of human life. Milk is rich in many important elements for life and durability. Toxins and heavy elements may enter the milk and then into the human body due to pollution, and mercury is one of these pollutants. This product, despite being important, the production process is accompanied by a lot of liquid waste, which may lead to significant environmental damage. All small tests and misilianiuse works as well as the test of characteristics have been achieved according to American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF). Mercury concentration has been achieved according to HACH procedure. In this topic, the membrane distillation process has been used to remove mercury, and the results were the ability of the membrane distillation mechanism to remove mercury 89.044% at the start of the operation, which would decrease due to obstruction. The temperature affects work efficiency and removal by MD, but to some extent, when removal reaches the maximum temperature of 15 ° C. The study came out with a set of recommendations, including a broader study on the possibility of cleaning the membrane used in this mechanism when a blockage occurred without stopping the work of this mechanism. Emphasis should be on what was found more than what was done.

Key development stages of reference material for lactose monohydrate composition

The article mirrors key stages of development of reference material (RM) for the composition of lactose monohydrate with certified values of mass fraction of water and basic material. The RM could be used in the analytical chemistry and food industry, as well as at identification and assessment of nutritive products safety, int. al., infant food. The RM under development will be intended for metrological assurance of mass fraction of water and basic substance measuring instruments based on usage of thermogravimetric, titrimetric and chromatographic methods, certification of measurement procedures and control of measurement results of lactose monohydrate mass fraction accuracy, used as the host material, and in compositions of organic substances and materials or in measurements of water mass fraction in solid substances and materials, as well as for other kinds of metrological control. Determination of certified value of lactose monohydrate mass fraction in the RM was performed by reference method of iodometric titration and affirmed by mass balance method (one hundred minus the number of impurities) and by calculating-experimental method. The certified value of mass fraction of water was assigned by the Fischer’s method of volumetric titration and confirmed by the thermogravimetric method. Considerable attention was focused to the study of the separation process of sorbed and crystallisation water in a high-purity lactose monohydrate reagent. The results of measurements of the quantitative content of the types of water were considered when assessing the purity of the target substance by various methods. Unlike existing RM of similar composition, the traceability of the certified values of the RM being developed will be ensured to units of values reproduced respectively by the state primary (GET 173-2017) and secondary (GVET 176-1-2010) standards.

Steroidal saponins with anti-inflammatory activity from Tribulus terrestris L.

Abstract Objective: Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stroke, inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, liver cancer, and urolithiasis. To identify the basic substance responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of TST (total saponins of Tribulus), its chemical composition was systematically studied, and its effect of inhibiting nitric oxide generation and the expression of related inflammatory factors were determined. Methods: To separate chemical constituents from T. terrestris by column chromatography. Spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, were used to elucidate the isolated compounds. The anti-inflammatory activities of TST and several compounds were evaluated in vitro. Results: Fifteen steroidal saponins, including 9 furostanol steroidal saponins (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 15) and 6 isospirostanol steroidal saponins (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14), were isolated from T. terrestris. TST significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. Compounds 13 and 15 evidently reduced TNF-α expression. Compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 markedly reduced IL-6 expression. Conclusions: Compounds 1 was a novel furostanol steroidal saponin, named 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-12-carbonyl-20(22)-en-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside}. Compounds 2 was isolated from the family Zygophyllaceae for the first time, and 5 and 6 were isolated from the Tribulus genus. TST and compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 exerts anti-inflammatory activity.

Production and quality control of high-purity rare-earth metal oxides for scintillator crystals of medical detection systems

The positron emission tomography (PET) detector uses scintillator crystals to provide high image quality. Cerium-activated lutetium orthosilicates are promising crystals for PET detectors. The optical properties of resulting scintillator crystals directly depend on the impurity composition of starting materials, so they are subject to considerably stringent requirements to the basic substance content: Lu 2 O 3 – 99.999 wt.%, CeO 2 – 99.99 wt.%. A starting material used for obtaining lutetium oxide of the required purity was its concentrate with a basic substance content of 99.1 wt.% with REM carbonates containing up to 54 % cerium used to obtain cerium oxide. The paper presents process flow diagrams for obtaining high-purity Lu 2 O 3 and CeO 2 based on a combination of extraction and ion exchange methods. Extraction purification of lutetium and cerium from accompanying rare-earth impurities was carried out using Aliquat 336 and tri- n -butyl phosphate, respectively. Main operating modes of extraction cascades were calculated. The total number of stages was 17 for lutetium purification, and 20 for cerium purification. The purification technology for lutetium and cerium oxides consists in combining purification methods and varying cycles depending on the content of impurities. In this regard, it is necessary to control the quality of resulting substances practically after each stage. The chemical purity of technology products was subjected to analytical control by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and a spark excitation source.

Parallel plate wet denuder coupled ammonia transfer device-conductivity detector for near-real-time monitoring of gaseous ammonia

Gaseous ammonia (NH3) is a primary basic substance in the atmosphere, and its global emission has been increasing in recent decades. It is vital to continuously monitor the atmospheric NH3 to clarify the impact of NH3 on sensitive ecosystems. This paper proposes a simple gaseous NH3 monitor utilizing a parallel plate wet denuder (PPWD) and a conductometric flow injection analysis (FIA) with an ammonia transfer device (ATD). In the present study, water-soluble basic gases, NH3, are selectively detected by the conductivity detector (CD). The ATD-CD ammonium detector requires no coloring reagents commonly used in FIA. Five-day field measurement of ambient NH3 was successfully performed with 30 min time resolution. All the air samples over the observation period (n = 186) contained NH3 above the limit of quantification (11.4 nmol m−3). The NH3 data showed excellent agreement with the values using ion chromatography in the field measurements.

Мукополісахаридоз II типу в практиці терапевта

Стаття присвячена одній із спадкових хвороб — мукополісахаридозу II типу, що розвивається в результаті дефіциту лізосомальних ферментів і призводить до порушення катаболізму основної речовини сполучної тканини — вуглеводної частини молекули мукополісахаридів (глікозаміногліканів). При цьому в тканинах (переважно у фібробластах і мезенхімальних клітинах) накопичуються хондроїтинсульфат В і/або гепаранмоносульфат, що веде до неповноцінної будови сполучної тканини, викликає грубі клітинні зміни і виникнення характерної клінічної картини. До особливостей їх клінічної картини належать різноманіття проявів, залучення в патологічний процес багатьох органів і систем, різний вік початку хвороби, з чим і пов’язані труднощі в діагностиці цих захворювань. За наявності вираженого клінічного поліморфізму (інфантильні, ювенільні, дорослі форми) всі лізосомальні хвороби характеризуються прогредієнтним перебігом і в більшості своїй призводять до ранньої інвалідизації і передчасної смерті. У світі найбільш часто зустрічається мукополісахаридоз II типу — синдром Хантера. Автори наводять власне клінічне спостереження і вказують на особливості перебігу респіраторної патології у даної категорії дорослих пацієнтів.

Regulatory framework in the European Union governing the use of basic substances in conventional and organic production

Regulatory framework in the European Union governing the use of basic substances in conventional and organic production

Особливості формування капсули суглоба після антенатальної дії антигену

У роботі із застосуванням морфометричного, гістологічного, гістохімічного та статистичного методів досліджена динаміка становлення капсули кульшового суглоба білих лабораторних щурів протягом постнатального періоду після внутрішньоплідного введення антигену. Встановлено, що антенатальна дія антигену призводить до збільшення кількості лімфоцитів, зокрема PNA+-лімфоцитів, у капсулі суглоба. На цьому тлі спостерігається збільшення частки клітин, основної речовини та еластичних волокон при одночасному зменшенні вмісту колагенових волокон, порушення розподілу полісахаридів та фібробластів, що вказує на розвиток диспластичних процесів у кульшовому суглобі та може розглядатися як провідний рушійний фактор розвитку коксартрозу. Експериментально отримано доліхостеномелію як візуальний клінічний прояв дисплазії.

ПРОЦЕСИ САМООРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЯК ПРЕДМЕТ ФІЛОСОФСЬКОГО ОСМИСЛЕННЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ФІЛОСОФІЇ НАУКИ

Topic of the article is Ukrainian philosophy of science, which last 50 years comprehended the modern scientific revolution as becoming of non-linear science. This year of celebrating 300th anniversary of Grygoriy Scovoroda as a symbol of Ukrainian philosophy is good time to make a look round achievements by this branch of our philosophy. Philosophical comprehension of self-organization as becoming of a new whole is the point of consideration for the reason that transition to studying of such objects needs the crucial change of scientific foundations system, especially of philosophical foundations of science. Potentially Ukrainian philosophy of science was ready to such work since Kyiv’s philosophers traditionally applied dialectic ideas to study worldview and to understand scientific truth as a process. It was shown in the article how Ukrainian philosophers of science use achievements of this tradition to understand non linear [synergetic] picture of our world as one of many possible worlds in self-organization of its genetic unity as a whole, beginning of becoming of the set of elementary particles with their interactions as its basic substance. Elaboration by Ukrainian philosophers of epistemic foundations for ideals and norms of non linear researches was represented also, particularly the consideration of truth as nonlinear process and rethinking of relations between fundamental and applied knowledge in respect of descriptiveness of non linear theories. Transdisciplinarity of Synergetics as common scientific research program leaded to application of synergetic ideas to humanities. Collaboration of humanitarians with philosophers who elaborate philosophical foundations for Synergetics created respective divisions in humanitarian disciplines, which studied processes of human and social self-organization. This collaboration created Ukrainian synergetic community as public organization of scientists who have enlighten aim to disseminate the synergetic ideas in Ukrainian society. This aim was successfully realized rather for the reason that self-organization is a good tradition of Ukrainian people who demonstrated it already in XXI century on Maidans, in volunteer movement and in resistance to Russian aggression.

Genetic regulation in Vitis vinifera by approved basic substances against downy mildew

Genetic regulation in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> by approved basic substances against downy mildew

Impact of Distributed-Memory Parallel Processing Approach on Performance Enhancing of Multicomputer-Multicore Systems A Review

This research paper explains (love and alcohol) the incomprehensible founders in Kurdish poetry for them. This is because (Mullah Wasman) is at the center of the essence and active in the story and the story of love and affection for the beloved; That is, the soul is the basis of the subject in discovering the spirit of pride for the beloved. Due to this, it is the basic substance that guarantees love and affection in (the drinker and the descendants of the drinker and the butler) is the appearance and appearance in the areas of this research paper. This research paper includes the introduction and two chapters: &nbsp;In the first chapter: The beginning of the discussion is expressed the types of love, and the mysteries that you wrote before the poem, to the side of discovering the criteria of love. This argument clarifies the central nature of the question: Is the love of the poet the love of God or the world? Thus, this research is added to the number of definitions of the concept of love and its types, because it clarifies the place of alcohol and the descendants of alcohol, and the spirit of love. The second chapter includes the beloved of the poet, and the one who says: Allah, the Messenger, and the forerunner of the way (Sheikh Othman Al-Tawilaee). At that time, it’s did not neglect the thought of halal and haram for drinking; this is subject to interpretation and explanation. This poem is about the Kurdish poems, which they did not know, and they turned around on the surface of the new situation is drawing the right worlds, and they embodied in it the details of the lyric and the lyric intentions in arithmetic and numerical way, as followed: (The lover and the beloved, the life and the beloved, the beloved and the lovers, the beloved and the drink and the wine, ...).&nbsp; At the end of the research, we highlight the results of the discussion and the sources, finally the pages Summary for languages: Arabic and English language.

EFFECT OF BIOSTIMULANTS ON SOME BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND NITRATE LEVEL IN LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) GROWN UNDER UNHEATED PLASTIC TUNNEL

Based on the regulation (EU) No 2015/1107 in 8 July 2015, Willow (Salix alba) bark extract is a recent approved basic substance in Europe as a safe and effective environmentally friendly fungicide to be used in plant protection. Because of having indole butyric acid content, it is also used as a growth hormone to promote rooting in cutting propagation of wooden part in horticultural plants. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of willow extract and Ferbanat L (Bistep) on lettuce leaves. Bistep is an organic solution of nano fertilizer which is produced in Hungary and allowed as „Bistep plant conditioner”. Furthermore, the experiment evaluated their interaction on some bioactive compounds in different lettuce varieties, too. Three different lettuce varieties (King of May, Kobak and Great Lakes) were evaluated for total polyphenols, vitamin C and nitrate content in fresh leaves. The results indicate that the contents were significantly affected by the used biostimulants rather than varieties. Significantly difference of the total polyphenols was recorded in the plants treated with Willow + Bistep (80.64 mg GAE / 100g) in comparison to the control (55.85 mg GAE / 100g) in the mean of varieties. Similar result was recorded for the vitamin C. However, plants treated with Willow extract resulted in the highest level of nitrate content (692.00 mg/100g), while the lowest amount was measured in the control (488.00 mg/100g). According to our results, Willow bark extract can be a beneficial source of natural growth regulator or fungicide; however, when it is used alone for vegetables, the nutrient content (mainly nitrate level) must be checked before consuming and delivering to the market.

Natural sanitizer potential of Cuminum cyminum and applicable approach for calculation of Kováts retention index of its compounds

ABSTRACT The demand for natural agents instead of chemicals in terms of food and health safety is increasing day by day. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum (C. cyminum) in the fight against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)and Candida (C. albicans). The chemical composition of the methanolic extract of C. cyminum was analyzed using GS-MS. Also, Kováts retention indices were calculated for the detected compounds using an applicable formula. The most basic substance was cuminic aldehyde (27.86%) and p-(Dimethoxymethyl)-isopropylbenze (18.32%). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract was 0.1 g/mL for S. aureus and C. albicans while it was > 0.1 for E. coli. Although the methanol extract of C. cyminum acts against all three microorganisms, the most lasting effect was on S. aureus, indicating that it can be recommended as a strong antibacterial disinfectant for S. aureus.

Синтез карбида и диборида титана для металлообработки и получения керамики

Introduction. Titanium carbide and diboride are characterized by high values of hardness, chemical inertness and for this reason are widely used in modern technology. This paper provides information on the synthesis of titanium carbide and diboride by carbothermal and carbide-boron methods, respectively, on the use of titanium carbide as an abrasive and in the manufacture of tungsten-free hard alloys, carbide steels, wear-resistant coatings, as well as titanium diboride in the production of cutting tools and ceramics based on boron carbide The aim of this work is to study the processes of synthesis of highly dispersed powders of titanium carbide and diboride, which are promising for the manufacture of cutting tools, wear-resistant coatings, abrasives and ceramics. Research methods. Titanium oxide TiO2, nanofibrous carbon (NFC), and highly dispersed boron carbide were used as reagents for the synthesis of titanium carbide and diboride. Experiments to obtain titanium carbide were carried out in a resistance furnace, and titanium diboride in an induction furnace. X-ray studies of the phase composition of titanium carbide and diboride samples were carried out on an ARL X-TRA diffractometer (Thermo Electron SA). The determination of the content of titanium and impurities in the samples of titanium carbide and diboride was carried out by the X-ray spectral fluorescence method on an ARL-Advant'x analyzer. The total carbon content in the titanium carbide samples was determined on an S-144 device from LECO. The content of boron and other elements for titanium diboride samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES) on an IRIS Advantage spectrometer (Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporation). The surface morphology and particle sizes of the samples were studied using a Carl Zeiss Sigma scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss). The determination of the particle/aggregate size distribution was performed on a MicroSizer 201 laser analyzer (BA Instruments). Results. The paper proposes technological processes for obtaining highly dispersed powders of titanium carbide and diboride. The optimum synthesis temperature for titanium carbide is 2,000…2,100 oC, and for titanium diboride 1,600…1,700 oC. The content of the basic substance is at the level of 97.5…98.0 wt. %. Discussion. A possible mechanism for the formation of titanium carbide and diboride is proposed, which consists in the transfer of vapors of titanium oxides to the surface of solid carbon (synthesis of titanium carbide) and vapors of boron and titanium oxides to the surface of solid carbon (synthesis of titanium diboride). Due to the high purity and dispersion values, the resulting titanium carbide powder can be used as an abrasive material and for the manufacture of tungsten-free hard alloys, carbide steels, wear-resistant coatings, and titanium diboride powder can be used for the preparation of cutting tools and ceramics based on boron carbide.

Successive liquid-phase microextraction of acidic and basic analytes

Practical biological and environmental samples always contain both acidic and basic substances, and the samples are always precious. Thus, separation of analytes with different nature from the same sample was of great significance. Successive liquid phase microextraction (sLPME) of acidic and basic analytes under optimal extraction conditions was therefore proposed for the first time. The concept of sLPME was proved by using three acidic analytes (naproxen, flurbiprofen and diclofenac) and three basic analytes (haloperidol, fluoxetine and sertraline) as model analytes, and using polypropylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 4000 (PPG4000) as SLM. The recoveries of all target analytes by sLPME were similar to that by individual LPME due to good affinity of PPG4000 to both acidic and basic analytes. Under optimal extraction conditions, the recoveries for all analytes by sLPME from urine samples were in the range of 62%–95%. Moreover, combined with LC-MS/MS, such sLPME approach was also evaluated with urine samples. The matrix effect of sLPME-LC-MS/MS at different levels for all analytes ranged from −14.1%–13.2%. The linear ranges with R2 > 0.996 were 5–1000 ng mL−1 for basic analytes, and 20–1000 ng mL−1 for acidic analytes except diclofenac (1–1000 ng mL−1). The repeatability and accuracy at four levels were in the range of 3%–10% and 86%–120%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) were found to be 0.07–0.49 ng mL−1 and 0.25–1.63 ng mL−1, respectively. Finally, the strategy for constructing a sLPME system was further confirmed with urine, plasma and saliva using another two versatile SLM solvents possessing high affinity to both acidic and basic analytes. Successive LPME enabled separation of acidic and basic analytes from the same sample under optimum extraction conditions for all target analytes. Thus, we believe that the sLPME system will become a potent platform for forensic toxicology analysis, food science, environmental analysis and epidemiology study.

Prediction of Protein-Protein Interaction Sites Based on Stratified Attentional Mechanisms.

Proteins are the basic substances that undertake human life activities, and they often perform their biological functions through interactions with other biological macromolecules, such as cell transmission and signal transduction. Predicting the interaction sites between proteins can deepen the understanding of the principle of protein interactions, but traditional experimental methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, a new hierarchical attention network structure, named HANPPIS, by adding six effective features of protein sequence, position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), secondary structure, pre-training vector, hydrophilic, and amino acid position, is proposed to predict protein–protein interaction (PPI) sites. The experiment proved that our model has obtained very effective results, which was better than the existing advanced calculation methods. More importantly, we used the double-layer attention mechanism to improve the interpretability of the model and to a certain extent solved the problem of the “black box” of deep neural networks, which can be used as a reference for location positioning on the biological level.

Flower and plant variants as abstraction in Javanese batik motifs from classical to contemporary era

Batik is one of the artworks of old Javanese society which has continued to exist and develop until the present day. In the 18th century, batik was a special type of clothing worn by the nobility, and there were even prohibitions for using batik clothing with certain types of motifs. Its basic substance is the ornamental images made on the fabric. A piece of cloth can change its position and value only because of a difference in decoration. As a visual aesthetic, batik is the work of Javanese artists, created by abstracting the surrounding natural environment, especially various flora, and fauna. Up to 1912, there were more than 100 names of flowers, leaves, and plants that were abstracted to become classical motifs. In the contemporary era, where batik has become more acceptable as clothing for the public, flora-based motifs are no longer the result of abstraction of particular flowers or plants but are considered more for their ornamental aesthetic. The aesthetic value of contemporary batik motifs is no longer determined by the type of flowers or plants abstracted, but by how they are represented for the beauty of clothing.

New possibilities of environmentally safe hop protection against pests and diseases with the help of botanical pesticides, basic substances and bio-fungicides

New possibilities of environmentally safe hop protection against pests and diseases with the help of botanical pesticides, basic substances and bio-fungicides

Outcome of the consultation with Member States and EFSA on the basic substance application for approval of Yucca schidigera extract to be used in plant protection as fungicide and bactericide in arable crops, (leaf) vegetables crops, fruit crops, head brassica crops and seed potatoes

Outcome of the consultation with Member States and EFSA on the basic substance application for approval of Yucca schidigera extract to be used in plant protection as fungicide and bactericide in arable crops, (leaf) vegetables crops, fruit crops, head brassica crops and seed potatoes