Basic Statistical Information Research Articles

Influence of Depression and Loneliness on Suicidal Behaviour Among Public University Students in Malaysia

Suicide is a serious and curable public health issue that is alarming towards early adults like university students who are undergoing personal and social phase changes and pressures. This study investigates the influence of depression and loneliness on the suicidal behaviour of public university students in Malaysia. The quantitative study involved 406 public university students in Malaysia, including early teens aged 20 years and below and adults aged 40 years and above. Three instruments were used: Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3. Data analysis involves examining basic statistical information. For this study, a stratified and proportional random selection method was used. The results indicated that public university students in Malaysia generally exhibited minimal levels of depression, loneliness, and suicidal behaviour. Depression and loneliness emerged as significant positive predictors influencing suicidal behaviour, accounting for 49.3% of the variance, while loneliness contributed to 0.3%. These non-significant findings suggest that overall, the mental well-being of the students is good. The study also highlights the role of cultural and societal factors unique to Malaysia in promoting positive mental health outcomes.

A Bibliometric Visualized Analysis and Classification of Vehicle Routing Problem Research

The vehicle routing problem (VRP), as a classic combinatorial optimization problem, has always been a hot research topic in operations research. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the VRP problem, this work uses the knowledge graph to comprehensively analyze and summarize the literature related to VRP from 1959 to 2022 in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Firstly, according to the basic statistical information of the literature, the annual publications, the authors, their institutions and countries, the keyword co-occurrence, and the literature co-citation network are analyzed to comprehensively summarize and generalize the research on VRP and predict its future development trend. The results show that, in the past 60 years, there have been abundant changes in the research on VRP. The United States and China have made the most important contributions in the field of VRP. According to the WoS literature retrieval results and classification methods, the VRP models and their solutions are comprehensively classified, and the model solving algorithms are divided into exact algorithms, heuristic algorithms, metaheuristic algorithms, hyper-heuristic algorithms, machine learning, etc. The results show that the development of information computing technology plays an important role in research on the VRP problem, and dynamic VRP, hyper-heuristic algorithms, deep reinforcement learning, etc. are the future development directions of the VRP model and its optimization. The results of this research can provide help and guidance for beginners and scholars outside the industry to comprehensively understand the development and research hotspots of VRP.

Comparison of Markowitz Model and Index Model in Capital Markets

We are searching for an optimal portfolio that plays a significant role in portfolio management by maximizing the expected return subject to a constant risk or minimizing the risk for a constant expected return. In this work, we first calculate the basic statistical information of our risky instruments, the probability density functions, and the Q-Q plot to compare the daily and monthly data for ten stocks and one broad equity index. We conclude that the monthly returns data is much closer to a normal distribution. Second, when calculating the correlation coefficients, we find that the stocks of the same industry are often highly correlated. Third, through the plotting of the feasible portfolio regions using the Markowitz Model (MM) and the Index Model (IM) consisting of various portfolios under different constraints, calculating two essential points on the efficient frontier, and analyzing the CAL, we generalize that the contrast between the MM model and IM model have similar results whether there is weighted SPX. Compared with the IM model, the MM minimal variance portfolio and maximum Sharpe Ratio the olio the MM model is more desirable than the IM model. The introduction of the generic index SPX affects the results of both models to a certain extent. Finally, we use the Monte Carlo method to simulate that the generated points are all within the feasible region, which indicates that the sample results are reasonable. Our research not only further supplementary the empirical research of the MM model and IM model, but we provide investors with some investment suggestions for constructing portfolios.

FastPacket: Towards Pre-trained Packets Embedding based on FastText for nextgeneration NIDS

New Attacks are increasingly used by attackers everyday but many of them are not detected by Intrusion Detection Systems as most IDS ignore raw packet information and only care about some basic statistical information extracted from PCAP files. Using networking programs to extract fixed statistical features from packets is good, but may not enough to detect nowadays challenges. We think that it is time to utilize big data and deep learning for automatic dynamic feature extraction from packets. It is time to get inspired by deep learning pre-trained models in computer vision and natural language processing, so security deep learning solutions will have its pre-trained models on big datasets to be used in future researches. In this paper, we proposed a new approach for embedding packets based on character-level embeddings, inspired by FastText success on text data. We called this approach FastPacket. Results are measured on subsets of CIC-IDS-2017 dataset, but we expect promising results on big data pre-trained models. We suggest building pre-trained FastPacket on MAWI big dataset and make it available to community, similar to FastText. To be able to outperform currently used NIDS, to start a new era of packet-level NIDS that can better detect complex attacks.

Simplified expressions for reliability assessments in code calibration

First Order Reliability Methods (FORM) have been used by specification committees in the reliability analyses required for the calibration of resistance and safety factors for the past 40 years. However, these methods are iterative, require input information that may not be readily available, and make comparisons between different approaches or design frameworks difficult. This paper presents a set of simplified equations to estimate reliability indices β, resistance factors ϕ and partial safety factors γM based on simpler First Order Second Moment (FOSM) considerations for the US and Eurocode frameworks, which are particularized for different load cases, and on the semi-probabilistic approach prescribed in the Eurocode 0. The equations provide direct relationships between the reliability calibration results corresponding to different design frameworks, and can be used to estimate resistance factors as simple cross-checks for the US framework based on the partial safety factors derived for the Eurocode (or vice versa) from basic statistical input information and given target reliability, including when the data available in the literature is insufficient to perform FORM analyses. The accuracy of the proposed equations is assessed against reliability results derived using FORM techniques for an extensive database of steel and stainless steel frames subjected to gravity and combined gravity plus wind load cases collected from the literature, and limitations for their applicability are recommended. The results demonstrate that the set of equations proposed in this paper provides accurate estimations of the reliability index β, resistance factors ϕ and partial safety factors γM and can assist specification committees in the process of calibrating suitable ϕ and γM-factors.

Working impact in the Puebla-Tlaxcala region of graduates of Mechatronics Engineering

This work shows an analysis of the impact on the productive sector that graduates of the academic program of mechatronics engineering have had in the period 2017-2020. Said analysis was carried out to determine the competencies that should be re-considered or re-considered. -propose to improve the profile of graduation at the higher level of the mechatronics career and try to satisfy the demand of the business sector in the region. The analysis was carried out through surveys that were applied to companies in the Puebla-Tlaxcala region, and to graduates of the 2017-2020 generations, in this way, more elements were obtained for the analysis of the graduation profile, as well as make proposals for adjustments to the curriculum map. The work was carried out with the intention of having basic statistical information of state representation on the impact and occupational characteristics of the graduates of the Mechatronics Engineering Career, in the same way this information will allow to deepen on the analysis of occupational characteristics and generate proposals of continuing education with companies in the region, as well as with graduates.

The Probability Density Estimation of Wave Direction Data in Korea

Lee, G.S.; Lee, U.J., and Cho, H.Y., 2021. The probability density estimation of wave direction data in Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Suh, K.-S.; Lee, B.; Shin, S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 21–25. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Although wave direction is important information along with wave height and period, distribution estimation studies have been limited to traditional schematic analysis, including rose diagrams. In addition, studies on the estimation of the distribution function of wave direction are relatively insufficient compared to wave height and period distribution. In this study, estimations of basic statistical information and the distribution function were performed using hourly wave direction data at 16 points in the last 4 years (2016-2019) measured by the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) buoy. The von Mises Mixture (VMM) distribution function was used to estimate the directional data distribution, and the optimal parameters for each order were estimated using the EM algorithm. The optimal order was selected based on Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and generally, 4-5 VMM distribution functions were identified as the optimal distribution functions (70%). The optimal VMM distribution function was compared with the histogram and the non-parametric method for Kernel Density estimation. In addition, quantitative analysis was performed on the temporal change pattern of the mean and standard deviation of the direction data corresponding to a representative statistical measure. As a result of the analysis, it was found that a multimodal distribution was appropriate for estimating wave direction according to the overall stations and times. Therefore, one representative wave direction and standard deviation information was found to be insufficient for estimating the distribution type, and the parameters (weighting coefficient, mean, and variance) of the VMM model were found to be more effective for estimating the distribution type. The results of this study can be used in various fields of coastal engineering that require the input of wave information (coastal transport and predominance of design waves).

Emission Inventory of Air pollutants for the Harmless Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste

In order to comprehensively assess the emission status of air pollutes from domestic waste treatment plants in mainland China, the basic statistical information of 31 provinces and cities in China was systematically collected and collated. The emission factor method was adopted to establish the 2016 list of air pollutants for the harmless treatment of domestic garbage in mainland China. The results showed that in 2016, the total amount of CH4, VOCs, NH3, TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 gaseous pollutants discharged from domestic waste landfills was 3472084.50, 185117.10, 66.45, 54.94, 25.99, and 3.92 t, respectively. The total amount of CH4, SO2, NOx, NH3, VOCs, CO, TSP, PM10,PM2.5, and BC of gaseous pollutants discharged from incineration facilities was 25389.10, 6419.30, 70923.84, 221.36, 435.33, 3025.19, 221.36, 221.36, 2.21, and 2.86 t, respectively. Through the analysis of solid waste treatment sources, partial, and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollutants, and the proportion of incineration plants in the provinces and municipalities to the number of household harmless waste treatment plants, it was determined that the total amount of gaseous pollutants discharged from domestic waste incineration sources and landfill sources had an upward trend during the period 2010-2016. In 2016, domestic landfill treatment was the most important waste treatment method in China, and mainly concentrated in areas with moderate population density and large land resources, such as central and western regions. Domestic waste incineration treatment facilities are mainly concentrated in developed cities in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.

Dataset for H2, CH4 and organic compounds formation during experimental serpentinization

AbstractSerpentinization refers to the alteration of ultramafic rocks that produces serpentines and secondary (hydr)oxides under hydrothermal conditions. Serpentinization can generate H2, which in turn can potentially reduce CO/CO2 and produce organic molecules via Fischer–Tropsch type (FTT) and Sabatier type reactions. Over the last two decades, serpentinization has been extensively studied in laboratories, mainly due to its potential applications in prebiotic chemistry, origin of life in extreme environments, development of carbon‐free energies and CO2 sequestration. However, the production of H2 and organics during experimental serpentinization is hugely variable from one publication to another. The experiments span over a large range of pressure and temperature conditions, and starting compositions of fluid and solid phases are also highly variable, which collectively adds up to more than a hundred variables and leads to controversial results. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to compare results between studies, explain their variability and identify key parameters controlling the reactions. To overcome these limitations, we collected and analysed 30 peer‐reviewed articles including over 100 experimental parameters and ca. 30 mineral and organic products, hence building up a database can be completed and implemented in future studies. We then extracted basic statistical information from this dataset and demonstrate how such a comprehensive dataset is essential to better interpret available data and discuss the key parameters controlling the effectiveness of H2, CH4 and other organics production during experimental serpentinization. This is essential to guide the design of future experiments.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ БИБЛИОТЕК В СТРУКТУРЕ ГИМНАЗИЙ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙ Г. ТОМСКА)

The paper examines the current situation of grammar school’ libraries, which are being trans-formed into library-informational centers. The composition of the library fund is analyzed. The article considers the features of the activity of libraries of General education institutions on the example of libraries of grammar schools in Tomsk. The main areas of activity are defined, such as library lessons, organization of exhibitions, etc. The paper considers the formats of libraries' participa-tion in the educational process and extracurricular activities (organization of events). The representation of grammar school libraries in the virtual spaceis analyzed. The document analysis method was used as the leading method. In general, the representation of libraries on the websites of educational institutions is usually very limited. On some sites, information about libraries is limited to providing brief information about the library or even to having a provision about the library (or library-informational center) as a structural division of the grammar school. The main source of statistical information was the regulations on libraries, open analytical re-ports and reports on self-examination of educational institutions. These documents are presented on the websites of grammar schools. Basic statistical information is provided in open analytical reports and self-research reports. The-se documents determine the current composition of library collections, the volume of the fund of edu-cational and methodical literature, as well as the equipment and capacity of libraries. Open reports, in addition to this information, also contain information about the activities of li-braries: the subject of exhibitions and librarian events. The websites of some grammar schools have provided library work plans, which have also be-come a valuable source of information, since they provide the greatest coverage of the topics and types of events that are held by the library. The regulations on libraries and library and information centers of grammar schools have be-come a source for defining the libraries main tasks, which can be different. The main conclusion to which the author of the article comes: despite the fact that most educa-tional institutions are focused on creating library-informational centers aimed at creating a common information environment, there is a lack of representation of the activities of high school libraries in the virtual space, which is modern and promising.

A Study on the Cooperative Utilization of Disaster Database Collected from Diverse Organizations

Issues delays in collecting information from damaged areas following natural disasters, issues with delayed computation subjects of the damage and its cost due to difficulty in collecting basic statistical information, and issues with delayed establishment of restoration plans have been pointed out. Accordingly, this study proposes a join utilization model for disaster information as a method to effectively utilize basic statistical data related to disasters, for each agency. For this, preceding studies on joint utilization of information were reviewed, and the latest technologies and technology strategies needed for the joint utilization model were presented. It is expected that, through this, the results of this study can be used to compute damage statistics and establish restoration plans during various disasters. Keywords: Disaster, Statistic Data, Common Utilization Model

Ignatyuk damping factor: A semiclassical formula

Data on nuclear-level densities extracted from transmission data or gamma energy spectrum store the basic statistical information about nuclei at various temperatures. Generally, this extracted data goes through model fitting using computer codes like CASCADE. However, recently established semiclassical methods involving no adjustable parameters to determine the level density parameter for magic and semi-magic nuclei give a good agreement with the experimental values. One of the popular ways to paramaterize the level density parameter which includes the shell effects and its damping was given by Ignatyuk. This damping factor is usually fitted from the experimental data on nuclear-level density and it comes around 0.05 [Formula: see text]. In this work, we calculate the Ignatyuk damping factor for various nuclei using semiclassical methods.

Evaluation Criteria and Approach to Voyage Planning in Ice. Verification on the Example of German Ship Activity During the Second World War

AbstractVessels designed for navigation in ice can perform voyage with the assistance of icebreaker in the navigation season in case an ice cover area is less than 20%. Whereas the same vessels could carry out successfully completed voyage through the NSR with intensive icebreaker help at the ice-covered area lower than 42%. Navigation of the same vessel at ice covered area above 80% is possible with intensive icebreaker help, but it threatens to damage the hull, rudder or propeller.Excessive generalization of data analyzed may cause to wrong, even opposite conclusions. Using only basic statistical information in the form of average values and standard deviation may be not sufficient for the purpose of vessel’s voyage planning in areas covered with ice. Much more opportunities for the assessment of navigation in ice covered regions provides cumulative distribution, which should be related to the time and geographical space distribution. It allows to determine the duration of time window for given area covered with ice in a particular region and predetermined probability of its occurrence. It is thus possible to plan approximate date of departure and duration of voyage for assumed safety criteria. Also, it is possible to plan a number of consecutive voyages in a navigation season.Mathematical approach to voyage planning in ice based on a cumulative distribution is presented in the paper. It allows creation of an advisory computer application to support decision-making by the commander of a vessel. It will reduce the human factor in data processing and reduce possibility of making a mistake. By this way, can be enhanced the safety of maritime transport. Novell approach is verified on the example of historical data about the German Navy ship activity during the Second World War.

Estimation of the effective bone-elasticity tensor based on μ CT imaging by a stochastic model. A multi-method validation

Abstract In previous work, we proposed a stochastic model to describe the elasticity of bone matrix (so-called ultrastructure, US) based on basic statistical information on the tissue mineral density ( TMD ). This information was obtained by analyzing high-resolution images of a human femoral neck realized by means of synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography ( SR − μ CT ). In this paper, we extend this study by focusing at the upper scale where cortical bone is described as a two-phase mixture made up of water-filled Haversian pores (HP) embedded in the surrounding solid US. The goal of this paper is to develop a stochastic model of cortical bone elasticity accounting for the effect of uncertainty affecting both phases, the US via the TMD and the HP. Experimental information was assumed to be given in terms of mean values and dispersions of the average TMD (denoted TMD ¯ ) and HP at the millimeter scale. To this aim, SR − μ CT images were used to extract several representative volume elements (RVEs) spanning the whole cortical tissue which, in turn, were analyzed to obtain the required statistical information on TMD ¯ and HP. This information has been used for constructing a stochastic multiscale model of cortical bone based on the Maximum Entropy (denoted MaxEnt) principle. This stochastic multiscale model is used in the estimation of the effective elastic properties of cortical bone (CB-S μ M) based on continuum micromechanics ( μM). In parallel, a deterministic nominal multiscale model of cortical bone (CB-NμM) was developed by using as input data the mean values of TMD ¯ and HP. The elastic moduli estimated with CB-NμM has been compared with the average value of the same counterpart obtained with the CB-SμM model. The two estimates differ for less than 1 % , proving the robustness of the CB-NμM model to uncertainties. Moreover, the accuracy of the SμM stochastic model has been tested. Estimations of the cortical bone elasticity of each RVE with the μ M (cylindrical HP and homogeneous US), has been compared with other estimation obtained through others homogenization techniques: finite elements (FEM) and fast Fourier transform (FFT), both able to account for the real morphology of Havesian porosity and the heterogeneity of the ultrastructure. Results show that (1) the transverse isotropic (TI) elastic μM model correctly approximates the FEM and FFT estimates (∼98% TI); (2) the μM model accurately estimates the axial modulus ( Y 3 ) in longitudinal direction and the lateral contraction ratio ν 31 .

Comment on “Political Economy of Agricultural Reform in Japan under Abe's Administration”

Comment on “Political Economy of Agricultural Reform in Japan under Abe's Administration”

Recognition of Repetitive Movement Patterns—The Case of Football Analysis

Analyzing sports like football is interesting not only for the sports team itself, but also for the public and the media. Both have recognized that using more detailed analyses of the teams’ behavior increases their attractiveness and also their performance. For this reason, the games and the individual players are recorded using specially developed tracking systems. The tracking solution usually comes with elementary analysis software allowing for basic statistical information extraction. Going beyond these simple statistics is a challenging task. However, it is worthwhile when it provides a better view into the tactics of team or the typical movements of an individual player. In this paper an approach for the recognition of movement patterns as an advanced analysis method is presented, which uses the players’ trajectories as input data. Besides individual movement patterns it is also able to detect patterns in relation to group movements. A detailed description is followed by a discussion of the approach, where different experiments on real trajectory datasets, even from other contexts than football, show the method’s benefits and features.

Countries of the world: free and subscription information sources

Purpose This paper aims to summarize the quality and usefulness of several online resources, both subscription and free, for finding information on countries of the world. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes several free and commercial sources that can be used for conducting research on countries of the world, evaluates them and makes recommendations regarding their use and appropriateness for specific clientele. Findings There are many free resources that can be used for locating information on countries of the world, but researchers needing current and in-depth economic and demographic information may need to consult subscription databases. Research limitations/implications This paper intentionally limits its analysis to resources that provide basic statistical and narrative information, along with descriptions of culture; online tools for gathering comprehensive data on country economics and demographics have been excluded for purposes of brevity. Originality/value This paper offers a comparative overview, survey and analysis of multiple references sources that can be utilized to locate country information, which will be of value to information professionals, as well as information seekers.

Impact of Transformer Correlations in State Estimation Using the Unscented Transformation

This paper addresses the power system state estimation problem considering the correlations among instrument transformer signals. The correlations among processed measurements are estimated using the Unscented Transformation given the correlation and basic statistical information of internal measurements. In addition, the paper analyzes the impact of these correlations on the estimated states using the IEEE 118-bus test system under various operating conditions and measurement configurations.

한반도 연안 수온자료의 확률분포함수 추정

As the temperature data show a distribution pattern with a number of peaks, assumption of normal distribution will result in a serious bias in the analysis. In this study, the Gaussian Mixture Distribution (GMD), a type of bimodal distribution, is presumed as a frequency distribution for the water temperature, in order to estimate the optimal parameter and to carry out the relation analysis between the optimal parameter and the basic statistical information such as mean and variance on the data. By the way, an estimation formulae to compute the frequency distribution of the data is developed by computing the parameters of GMD (i.e. , , , , , ) by means of the major characteristic values, such as mean, standard deviation and skewness of the data. The formulae shows an excellent coincidence with the result from the observation data, in the RMS limit accuracy of 5%.

Optimization Under Uncertainty Applied to Heat Sink Design

Optimization under uncertainty (OUU) is a powerful methodology used in design and optimization to produce robust, reliable designs. Such an optimization methodology, employed when the input quantities of interest are uncertain, yields output uncertainties that help the designer choose appropriate values for input parameters to produce safe designs. Apart from providing basic statistical information, such as mean and standard deviation in the output quantities, uncertainty-based optimization produces auxiliary information, such as local and global sensitivities. The designer may thus decide the input parameter(s) to which the output quantity of interest is most sensitive, and thereby design better experiments based on just the most sensitive input parameter(s). Another critical output of such a methodology is the solution to the inverse problem, i.e., finding the allowable uncertainty (range) in the input parameter(s), given an acceptable uncertainty (range) in the output quantities of interest. We apply optimization under uncertainty to the problem of heat transfer in fin heat sinks with uncertainties in geometry and operating conditions. The analysis methodology is implemented using DAKOTA, an open-source design and analysis kit. A response surface is first generated which captures the dependence of the quantity of interest on inputs. This response surface is then used to perform both deterministic and probabilistic optimization of the heat sink, and the results of the two approaches are compared.