Basic Sports Research Articles

Physical Performance of Participants of Sports Education Camps for Children with Visual Impairments

Introduction: Youths with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision) often demonstrate reduced involvement in sports and related negative effects. This study looked at data from sports education camps to see whether involvement in this short-term intervention positively affected the performance of component sports skills such as running, throwing, and catching. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of interview and performance data taken at sports education camps in one of 12 U.S. states in the years 1989, 1996, and 2000–2010. Data included questions about students’ attitudes toward and involvement in physical activities and sports. Skill performance measured before and after each camp included standing long jump, overarm softball throw, underarm softball throw, and goalball throw. Results: First-time attendees at the sports education camps demonstrated significant improvement in overarm throw, underarm throw, and standing long jump. Boys had slightly greater increases in standing long jump and overarm throw, and girls had a larger increase in underarm throw. Participants who initially felt safe running improved more in overarm throw and those who initially felt unsafe running improved more in underarm throw and standing long jump. Girls and those who initially felt unsafe running had a significant increase in goalball throwing speed. Discussion: The sports education camp model of short-term intervention for basic sports skill instruction is highly effective in improving physical performance for students who are visually impaired. Implications for practitioners: Students with visual impairments who are demonstrating negative effects from not being active or involved in sports might positively benefit from involvement in a sports education camp.

Basic Physical Education and Sport Science English Word List for Physical Education Students

This study is a corpus-driven study that aims to explore the use of words in Coxhead’s Academic Word List (AWL) and West’s General Service List (GSL) and also non- GSL and non- AWL in journal articles in the field of physical education and sport science. A 1.1 million-word corpus called the Physical Education and Sport Science Research Articles Corpus is created for this study. The corpus consists of 280 research articles that have been published in seven international journals in the field of physical education and sport science. The result suggests that both GSL and AWL can help students focus on the right vocabulary when learningTechnical English. The corpus helps students to directly focus on the words that they will see the most in the text they have to study. Moreover field specific word list is conducted in this research. Field specific word lists can help students learn necessary words which are also important for their field of study.

The state of the issue of individual approach to the training of future physical education teachers in the world and in the People's Republic of China: a review article

Purpose: to determine the main directions of the individual approach to the training of physical education teachers according to modern literature. Material and methods. The analysis of literature sources was carried out by working with scientific works, which are presented in the databases "Webmof Science", "Scopus", "Pub Med" and others. The search for literary sources was carried out by the keywords ":" physical education teacher training "," physical education "," sports "," coach training ". A total of 10,157 works were found based on key words, of which 234 works were selected for literary review. The selection was carried out as follows: first, the topic of the article was analyzed, then, if the topic corresponded to the direction of our study, the annotation was analyzed. If the annotation corresponded to the direction of our research, the text of the article was analyzed. Also in the analysis of literature sources, preference was given to sources presented in the quartiles "Webmof Science" and "Scopus" 1-3 level. In addition, articles on the training of physical education and sports professionals in China were analyzed separately. Of the 234 works presented in the literature review, 153 sources - research, 43 - review, 38 - randomized trials. Results. In the People's Republic of China, the problem of individual approach is especially relevant in connection with national characteristics, traditions, which provide for the predominance of collective action in all types of work. In addition to basic sports, the training of future physical education teachers in the People's Republic of China should include in-depth study of the sport in which it could improve and be a high-level specialist. Conclusions. Training of physical education teachers in the People's Republic of China should be based on modern concepts of individualization, which apply to all stages of training: from choosing a sport in which the student would like to improve and receive a specialty of physical education teacher with professional knowledge of a particular sport. physical education teachers in the study of the chosen sport.

Predictors of Customer’s Subscriptions to Movie and Sport Packages

Subscription-based television services providers, which operate in a highly competitive industry with high saturation, are finding it exceedingly difficult to grow their customer base. The ability to identify customers with a higher possibility of subscribing to the premium plans, is undoubtedly critical to increasing future sales. In that vein, we seek to identify predictors to premium packages selection behavior by jointly modeling customer subscriptions of premium movie, premium sport and basic sport packages. We show that, the customer subscriptions of different TV packages can be highly correlated. Moreover, our model profiles likely subscribers to premium movie, premium sport and basic sport packages using both subscriber demographic and lifestyle information.

PRESCHOOL SPORT MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF BASIC SPORTS IN PRESCHOOLS

Basic sports management in preschools is an area on which, in the region of Southeast Europe, no country has particularly focused. Investing in preschool sports organization is necessary for several reasons: The first reason is to raise the level of the nation's health. The second reason relates to the prevention of illness in later life, and the third reason is the possibility of creating future athletes, or making a home base from which the most talented children would be directed to local clubs in sports in which they have shown interest in or talent for. It is essential for sports activities to be available to every child, and in order to achieve this, sports for children should be free of charge.

An Investigation into Screening Process of Athletes during Basic Education School Sports Competitions and its Influence on Students’ Athletes in the Gomoa East District in Ghana

This study sought to investigate the screening process of athletes for basic school sports competitions and its influences on students’ attitude towards Extracurricular Activities in the Gomoa East District. The study employed the descriptive survey design involving 150 respondents. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistic. It was found out that, the respondents had a general positive perception about the screening process and therefore there is the need for a more scientific approach to the screening exercise to make it more robust and transparent to boost stakeholder’s confidence and continuous interest. It is therefore recommended that a more scientific approach should be adopted to reduce significantly the level of bias in the screening process

Forming the concept of the sports culture of the person in the conditions of globalization: domestic and foreign experience

The urgency of the research is the concept of sports culture, which is formed in the conditions of globalization with the usage of domestic and foreign experience which is analyzed. The concept of sport is seen as expression of the generic nature of a man that is reduced to a physical and spiritual perfection of man, the harmony of the soul with the inner essence of a man. Formulation of the task - the article focuses on the development of sports culture in the conditions of globalization, which acts as an integral part of global culture and acts as an influential force capable of consolidating society. Sports are an important element of culture and one of the most widespread activities. Sport is claimed as a social, cultural and economic phenomenon of a globalized society. This type of society requires the development of the concept of sports culture and its implementation in the cultural practice of sports management. The analysis of recent research and publications. We rely on authors who investigated sport as a phenomenon that acts as a factor in the formation and development of personality. The problem of self-determination of a sports personality as a philosophical problem is considered in the philosophical works of V. Bilohur, N. Vizitey, R. Robertson, I. Walsall's, E. Giddens, M. Kastesels, U. Beka. Isolation of unexplored parts of the general problem - conceptualization of the concept of sports culture. At the core of the study is the conceptualization of the basic sports circuits in the system of interdisciplinary space as a factor for the formation of a tempered and integral sports personality. Methodology - the use of approaches, in particular anthropologic, ontological and art-therapeutic, which allowed considering sport as an important economic, social and cultural phenomenon, aimed at developing the concept of sports culture. Presenting main material. The place and role of the concept of sports culture as a new scientific direction and discipline of the culture of sports management are analyzed. At the heart of the culture of sports management - the development of a sports man, the use of humanistic and cultural foundations for the formation of a holistic concept of sports culture. The place and role of sports culture in the conditions of globalization in the context of domestic and foreign experience for the affirmation and development of the human organism, which predetermine the formation of a sports person, is explored. It is revealed that the concept of sports culture forms a model for expanding the influence of sport on all spheres of society's life in a globalizing environment, which contributes to the unification of mankind. The essence of sport as the main determinant of influence on the development of the culture of sports personality is revealed. Conclusions - the concept of sport in the context of sports culture in the conditions of globalization, based on which the affirmation of the cultivation of the culture of the soul, body and spirit, is revealed

A need analyses for pilates educational training

The aim of this study is to specify the needs of Pilates instructors’ educational needs. In this study which was designed as a case study, focus interviews were conducted with 26 participants whose 3 of them managers, 9 of them instructors and 14 of them members. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of qualitative data that was obtained from the interviews. In the interviews with participants, findings in five dimensions were obtained in Pilates educational training as basic knowledge and skills, communication skills, practice knowledge and skills, environment regulation knowledge and skills and measurement knowledge and skills. Participants in the basic knowledge and skills dimension indicated that Pilates instructors need to obtain basic sports, health and anatomic knowledge. In the practice knowledge and skills dimension, according to the participants, Pilates trainers should have knowledge and skills such as creating group levels, making corrections and giving feedback. According to participants, Pilates instructors should also be able to use communication skills effectively. In the Pilates training, especially the spaciousness of the environment, the presence of mirrors and music was indicated essential by the participants. For the measurement dimension, participants indicated that Pilates trainers should be able to make body measurements.

Фізичний розвиток плавців на початковому етапі спортивної підготовки

Фізичний розвиток плавців на початковому етапі спортивної підготовки

Effective Combination of Physical Education and Sports Training

The sports teaching and the movement training all is Our country University sports important constituent, between both in essentially already has one kind to promote and the development relations mutually, simultaneously also is the sports academic circles always disputes the continuous topic. But speaking of some kind of degree, it’s both goal is and improves university student's physical quality for the full scale development, enables the student to grasp the basic sports knowledge and the sports skill. Between the two only together to develop, in order to better promote the healthy development of college sports and therefore, this article on the physical education and sports training interactive development strategy in‐depth discussion.

Patient-Reported Outcomes after Syndactyly Reconstruction

There is no financial information to disclose. We hypothesize that, despite undergoing reconstruction, children with congenital syndactyly will have lower patient-reported function and quality of life than unaffected children. All patients undergoing congenital syndactyly reconstruction at the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago between January 2007 and January 2016 were identified. The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire were completed by patients; parent-proxy questionnaires were completed for patients 10 years of age and younger and those unable to complete the questionnaire independently. PODCI assessed upper extremity function, transfers and basic mobility, sports and physical functioning, comfort/pain, happiness, and global functioning. PROMIS assessed upper extremity function, peer relations, pain interference, and depressive symptoms. We also performed a retrospective chart review to capture relevant demographic and clinical information. One-hundred twenty-four patients met inclusion criteria; 51 completed both the PODCI and PROMIS surveys (response rate, 41.1%). Average PODCI and PROMIS scores for upper extremity function were 42.5 19.96 and 41.8 11.8, respectively (Table 39-1). For patients with a documented history of developmental delay, PODCI and PROMIS scores for upper extremity function were 23.8 ± 6.2 and 18.2 ± 30.7, respectively. PROMIS scores for pain interference were higher for the parent-proxy group compared to the self-report group (parent-proxy: 47.7 ± 9.7, self-report: 38.3 ± 7.3, P = 0.0052). PODCI scores for comfort (absence of pain) were lower for the parent-proxy group compared to the self-report group (parent-proxy: 51.3 ± 9.6, self-report: 55.5 ± 3.4, P = 0.028) (Fig. 39-1). •Patients who have undergone reconstruction for congenital syndactyly report impairments in upper extremity function, but other components of health-related quality of life are comparable to the general population.•Developmental delay was associated with additional impairments in upper extremity function.•Parents of children who have undergone reconstruction for syndactyly overestimate the amount of pain their children experience.Table 39-1Mean PROMIS and PODCI Scores for All Patients Who Completed SurveysScorePROMISUpper Extremity41.8 ± 11.8FunctionPeer Relations51.5 ± 9.5Pain Interference46.0 ± 9.9Depressive Symptoms44.0 ± 8.1PODCIUpper Extremity42.5 ± 20.0FunctionTransfers and Basic Mobility48.3 ± 21.2Sports and Physical Functioning47.8 ± 15.2Pain/Comfort52.0 ± 8.9Happiness52.3 ± 7.7Global Functioning47.5 ± 18.5Scores are presented as mean ± SD. Open table in a new tab Scores are presented as mean ± SD.

Athlete satisfaction with a major multi-sport event: the importance of social and cultural aspects

PurposeIn a major multi-sport event, the athlete is both a benefactor and producer of organizational activities. Athletes’ centrality makes understanding their satisfaction with the event an important management activity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the lived athletes experience (during the event), so as to provide insight into the important Games facets contributing to their satisfaction and to explore the controllable aspects of the event from an organizer’s perspective that athletes felt made the Games special and memorable.Design/methodology/approachA multi-dimensional instrument (i.e. Athlete Experience Questionnaire) was designed and tested at previous iterations of a major multi-sport event and was employed during Games-time. In total, 813 athletes completed the questionnaire during the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games.FindingsThe findings demonstrated an overall high level of satisfaction with the event. Several important facets contributed to athlete satisfaction including social-, service- and communication-related aspects. Further, athletes reported on the importance of cultural opportunities within their Games experience.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper denotes the importance of the social and cultural interactions and opportunities which lie outside the athletes’ actual competition experience and increase their specialness of the event. Theoretical and practical implications are drawn from the findings relative to the service-dominant logic and service-quality literature within a major multi-sport event Games for the athlete stakeholder.Originality/valueThis paper explores how athletes experience the major international multi-sport event environment. Moreover, this paper offers a significant contribution from a hard-to-reach population (i.e. elite-level international athletes), adopts their perspective of the Games environment and determines what contributes to their satisfaction. As the authors highlight, the paper denotes the importance of the planned social and cultural interactions and opportunities, which lie outside the athlete’s actual competition event experience, to increase athlete satisfaction; in contrast, basic sport competition needs seem to be a “basic” expectation.

Effect of Functional Fatigue on Vertical Jump Height in Healthy Women and Men

Introduction: Vertical jump is one of the basic sport activities and a popular test in the field of rehabilitation and sport which can assess the performance and power of lower extremity and musculoskeletal system. As fatigue is one of the factors that could increase the risk of injury, in this study the effect of fatigue on vertical jump was compared between healthy women and men. Materials and Methods: 18 women and 14 men performed the vertical jump before and after a functional fatigue protocol included 5 sets of consequent hops. Hopping consists stretch-shortening cycles which can mimic the natural behavior of muscle contraction in sport and daily living activities. Vertical jump height was studied variable in this research. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variances (ANOVA) test. Results: No significant interaction between fatigue and group was observed for vertical jump height. Statistical analysis showed the greater value of jump height in men before and after the fatiguing condition. Furthermore, fatigue resulted in decrease in jump height value in both groups. Conclusion: The main finding of this study was the similar response to fatigue in both groups. It seems that muscular fatigue prevents the proper muscular action to absorb the impact of landing. It results in more transfer of energy to the upper joints of lower extremity and increases the risk of injury.

Decoded fMRI neurofeedback can induce bidirectional confidence changes within single participants

Neurofeedback studies using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI) have recently incorporated the multi-voxel pattern decoding approach, allowing for fMRI to serve as a tool to manipulate fine-grained neural activity embedded in voxel patterns. Because of its tremendous potential for clinical applications, certain questions regarding decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) must be addressed. Specifically, can the same participants learn to induce neural patterns in opposite directions in different sessions? If so, how does previous learning affect subsequent induction effectiveness? These questions are critical because neurofeedback effects can last for months, but the short- to mid-term dynamics of such effects are unknown. Here we employed a within-subjects design, where participants underwent two DecNef training sessions to induce behavioural changes of opposing directionality (up or down regulation of perceptual confidence in a visual discrimination task), with the order of training counterbalanced across participants. Behavioral results indicated that the manipulation was strongly influenced by the order and the directionality of neurofeedback training. We applied nonlinear mathematical modeling to parametrize four main consequences of DecNef: main effect of change in confidence, strength of down-regulation of confidence relative to up-regulation, maintenance of learning effects, and anterograde learning interference. Modeling results revealed that DecNef successfully induced bidirectional confidence changes in different sessions within single participants. Furthermore, the effect of up- compared to down-regulation was more prominent, and confidence changes (regardless of the direction) were largely preserved even after a week-long interval. Lastly, the effect of the second session was markedly diminished as compared to the effect of the first session, indicating strong anterograde learning interference. These results are interpreted in the framework of reinforcement learning and provide important implications for its application to basic neuroscience, to occupational and sports training, and to therapy.

Kierunki działalności edukacyjnej organizacji polskich w Prusach Zachodnich na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

The development of the Polish national movement in West Prussia began with the Spring of Nations. In the face of the Germanization policy of the authorities, Prussian Poles began to create their own organizations designed to maintain Polish identity and the realization of economic and social objectives. The Polish population in West Prussia which set up Polish organizations used German solutions, patterns elaborated in other regions and created their own, adapting them to the conditions prevailing in the Prussian state. At the turn of the century, the following different Polish organizations were in operation: the People’s Society, the Society of People’s Libraries, the “Guard” Society, the Society of Aid Science, the Scientific Society in Torun, the “Deliverance” Society, the Gym Society “Falcon”, the people’s banks, commercial companies, cooperatives etc. At that time, operating in West Prussia Polish organizations showed the different profiles of educational activities. Most of them were realizing the ideas of patriotic and religious education. The multifaceted activities of Polish organizations in West Prussia seem to be a phenomenon at situation in which the Poles were a minority in the said region and the realization of the initiatives undertaken by them were hampered and limited by the occupying power. In this article I made an attempt to present the main lines of the educational activities of Polish organizations in West Prussia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It was thanks to their activity that the modernization of Polish society took place. Besides a patriotic and religious upbringing, the most important directions of this activity were: basic education, civic education, economic education, cultural education, sports education, pro-health education and moral education.

현대 일본 중학교 건축의 계획특성에 관한 연구

본 연구는 국내 중학교 건축 계획 시 참조점을 구하기 위해 관련 연구가 부족했던 일본의 중학교 건축을 대상으로 그 계획특성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 1990년대 이후 준공된 14개 학교들을 선별해 이들을 대상으로 교육 및 생활공간, 기타 주요 공간 등의 영역별 계획특성을 분석하였다. 분석대상 학교들의 계획특성을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1) 분석대상 학교들은 학교 운영방식에 따라 교과교실형 학교와 특별교실형 학교로 크게 구분할 수 있는데 이에 따라 가장 기본적인 공간이 되는 교육 및 생활공간의 계획특성에서 차이가 나타난다. 2) 교과교실형 학교는 교과교실, 홈베이스, 미디어 스페이스, 교사공간 등의 요소로 교육 및 생활공간이 구성되며 홈베이스와 교과교실과의 인접여부에 따라 교실 부속형과 독립형의 두 가지 유형으로 크게 구분된다. 3) 특별교실형 학교는 학급교실과 다목적 공간으로 교육 및 생활공간이 구성되는데, 다목적 공간과 학급교실이 직접 연결되어 있는 유형과 분리되어 있는 두 가지 유형으로 구분된다. 4) 특별교실은 지역개방과 과목별 특성을 강조할 수 있는 계획특성이 나타나며 부속 공간들의 연계로 공간의 분화특성이 나타난다. 5) 도서실은 개별실이 아닌 컴퓨터실, 시청각실, 다목적 홀 등과 연계된 복합구성으로 계획되며 벽으로 구획하지 않고 개방적으로 구성하는 경향이 강하다. 6) 체육시설로는 옥내 체육관이 기본적으로 설치되며 이와 함께 무도장, 옥외 수영장 등의 설치 빈도가 높다. 이들은 체육수업뿐만 아니라 방과 후 활동을 지원하기 위해 설치된 측면도 크다. 7) 테라스, 발코니, 외부계단 등의 적극적인 계획을 통해 외부공간을 입체적으로 확보하고 있으며 이들이 다양한 기능을 가지도록 계획하고 있다. This study reviewed the planning characteristics of contemporary Japanese middle school architecture on which related studies are insufficient, aiming to obtain new ideas for planning Korean middle school facilities. Fourteen case schools built after 1990s were selected and analyzed. They were divided into learning-living space and other major spaces. The planning characteristics of the case schools are summarized as follows 1) The case schools were classified into two categories, departmentalized classroom type (D type) and usual with variation type (UV type) by school system. These categories can also be the classification standard for basic architectural characteristics in learning and living space of case schools. 2) D type case schools have departmentalized classrooms, home base, media space and teacher's space for learning-living space. D type case schools are divided into 'attached-to-classroom type' and 'separate type' depending on the adjacency of the home base and departmentalized classroom. 3) UV type case schools have multipurpose space around the classroom for learning-living space and can be divided into two types, i.e., 'directly adjacent' and 'separate', depending on the connectivity to classroom of multipurpose room. 4) Specialized classrooms are designed to have the openness to the public and the own characteristics of school subjects strengthened and show the spatial differentiation with connected ancillary spaces. 5) Libraries are designed as complex zones grouped with computer labs, audio visual rooms and multipurpose halls not as a single room and as open plan not with a closed wall. 6) The gymnasium is the basic sports facility with a martial arts room and outdoor pool, which are for after-school activities as well as physical education class. 7) The terrace, balcony and outdoor stairs are frequently used architectural vocabularies as diverse outdoor spaces with a variety of functions.

The Impact of Short-Term Video Games on Performance among Children with Developmental Delays: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This prospective, randomized controlled study investigated the effects of short-term interactive video game playing among children with developmental delays participating in traditional rehabilitation treatment at a rehabilitation clinic. One hundred and one boys and 46 girls with a mean age of 5.8 years (range: 3 to 12 years) were enrolled in this study. All patients were confirmed to suffer from developmental delays, and were participating in traditional rehabilitation treatment. Children participated in two periods of 4 weeks each, group A being offered intervention of eight 30-minute sessions of interactive video games in the first period, and group B in the second, in addition to the traditional rehabilitation treatment. The physical, psychosocial, and total health of the children was periodically assessed using the parent-reported Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Generic Core Scales (PedsQL); and the children’s upper extremity and physical function, transfer and basic mobility, sports and physical functioning, and global functioning were assessed using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument. Parental impact was evaluated using the PedsQL-Family Impact Module for family function, PedsQL-Health Satisfaction questionnaire for parents’ satisfaction with their children’s care and World Health Organization-Quality of Life-Brief Version for quality of life. Compared with the baseline, significant improvements of physical function were observed in both groups (5.6 ± 19.5, p = 0.013; 4.7 ± 13.8, p = 0.009) during the intervention periods. No significant improvement of psychosocial health, functional performance, or family impact was observed in children with developmental delays. Short-term interactive video game play in conjunction with traditional rehabilitation treatment improved the physical health of children with developmental delays.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02184715

Role of creatine supplementation in exercise-induced muscle damage: A mini review.

Muscle damage is induced by both high-intensity resistance and endurance exercise. Creatine is a widely used dietary supplement to improve exercise performance by reducing exercise-induced muscle damage. Many researchers have suggested that taking creatine reduces muscle damage by decreasing the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, regulating calcium homeostasis, and activating satellite cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of creatine and muscle damage have not been clarified. Therefore, this review discusses the regulatory effects of creatine on muscle damage by compiling the information collected from basic science and sports science research.

A Brief Analysis of Sports Venues in Colleges and Universities

Sports venue is the indispensable infrastructure of colleges and universities in sports, it occupies an important position. Sports venue embodies the sports teaching and recreational function between teachers and students in colleges and universities. In the course of China's reform and opening up, the depth and breadth of the market is increasing, the education system is changing gradually, and the management and operation of colleges and universities in our country is also gradually becoming market-oriented. In this context, the college sports venue is becoming the state of creating a certain economic value through market-oriented operation from the previous state without any output under administration construction funds. In our previous practice, the use of basic sports venue in Chinese universities is not in the market without playing the potential market value. While in the whole society, the construction of sports venues are expensive, and it is not realistic to ensure that each region has sports venue, so it is the result of the market for the colleges and universities to open the sports venues to the public, it not only can achieve the goal of the national fitness, but also can earn economic and market benefit for college sports venues. Whether can give full play to the market efficiency of sports venues and other facilities is a problem which college managers should think seriously.

Effects of age, sex, and comorbidities on the pediatric outcomes data collection instrument (PODCI) in the general population.

The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) is an outcomes assessment tool developed to allow measurement of health-related quality of life in children with disorders having musculoskeletal impact. The instrument was tested by Hunsaker and colleagues on a large population-based sample of children (n=5300), and partial results of that survey were published in 2002. Further publication of the findings did not occur. The PODCI was designed to collect data on age, sex, comorbidities, race and ethnicity, makeup of the household, and other demographic data that could have an impact on function and psychosocial issues. This retrospective study evaluated the impact of age, sex, and health/comorbid conditions on the subscales of the PODCI. Using the database that was developed by Hunsaker and colleagues for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, a 1-way multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to determine effects of prior comorbid condition versus no prior comorbid condition on the dependent variables of the PODCI Upper Extremity Function, Transfers and Basic Mobility, Sports and Physical Function, Comfort, and Happiness scales by parent respondent. A follow-up analysis of the health/comorbid condition, age, and sex of the child on the PODCI subscales using independent samples t tests was performed. Significant differences in the PODCI subscales of Transfers and Basic Mobility, Sports and Physical Function, Comfort, and Happiness occurred between children with a prior comorbid condition versus no prior reported comorbid condition. The sex of the child with a comorbid condition versus without a comorbidity appears to affect the PODCI subscale scores except for the Upper Extremity Function subscale. PODCI scales show an initial increase with age. Age at plateau varies, as do patterns of scores after plateau, with gradual decreases in quality-of-life scales. With further exploration of the population-based database, it was possible to confirm that age, sex, and comorbidities do have an impact on the levels of functional and psychosocial assessments done with the PODCI. Assessments done with the PODCI should include the assessment of, and potential correction for, these variables. Prognostic studies level II retrospective.