Philosophical Basis Research Articles

Analysis of Mudjia Rahardjo's Views: Language Philosophy and Efforts to Preserve Regional Languages

<p>The current era of globalization and westernization poses a real threat to the existence of regional languages, one of which is manifested in the single market program agreed upon by ASEAN countries. In line with that, the study of language philosophy has a very important role in cultural preservation, especially regional languages. This article discusses the views of Mudjia Rahardjo, an Indonesian linguist and philosopher, regarding the philosophy of language and efforts to preserve regional languages with the aim of finding a harmonious correlation between the study of the philosophy of language and efforts to preserve regional languages. Through the content analysis method with data sources from the Philosophy of Language lecture material delivered by Mudjia Rahardjo in the Postgraduate class at Darussalam Gontor Ponorogo University. Based on the content analysis of the lecture material on the philosophy of language delivered by Mudjia Rahardjo, the author concludes that there are several correlations that are compatible between the study of the philosophy of language and efforts to preserve the local language. 3. Philosophy of language can provide a philosophical basis for efforts to preserve regional languages</p>

Statistical positivism, psychoanalysis, and the theory of sociocultural models: A review of three approaches to acculturation

This review examines some of the contentious issues of acculturation psychology: Its acultural status, lack of advances in understanding the mechanisms of acculturation, and limited ability to help immigrants adapt. After introducing the problem of acculturation, the author analyzes quantitative acculturation studies rooted in statistical positivism along with migration and the intercultural psychoanalytic approach. The paper considers the philosophical bases of these studies and reflects on their strengths and weaknesses. Subsequently, the author introduces the theory of sociocultural models (TSCM) and highlights why it is a viable option for acculturation studies. The paradigm of critical realism is emphasized, and its role in understanding acculturation mechanisms is discussed. The advantages and points of improvement of the TSCM are highlighted.

Ontological and philosophical basis of the causal status of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy in translation/interpretation

The causal status of the phenomenon of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy is considered in the article in relation to the process of translation in the format of activity ontology. In translation studies, activity ontology uses not only comparison of idiomatic units and structures, but also, for research purposes, draws on textual, cultural, psychological, philosophical, pragmatic, cognitive and other aspects and phenomena which underlie translation process as a unique manifestation of interlingual and intercultural mediation. The activity paradigm opened up new prospects for studying fundamental problems of the translation theory. Among these problems are factors (determinants) of an adequate translation that are prerequisites of a translator’s work. Ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy, the concepts world picture and closely connected world idiomatic picture are considered from philosophical, and linguistic perspectives as well as from the point of view of translation theory.The article proves the causal status of ethnopsychological idiosyncrasy as one of the most important factors determining translation activity. In order not to “lose yourself ” in the idiomatic picture of the target language, which is conditio sine qua non for an adequate translation, translators should possess professional skills to overcome conceptual stereotypes and peculiarities of the ethnic and psychological idiosyncrasy in the source language. If it doesn’t happen, translations are perceived as not quite natural and therefore are not fully adequate.The differences in ethnic and psychological peculiarities in the communities, which enter into bilingual communication, form an ethnic and psychological differential, which should be neutralized during translation.The author established certain manifestations of the Spanish ethnic and psychological idiosyncrasy relevant for the translator’s communicative activity in the Spanish-Russian idiomatic combination.

Is it true? Another view in the conversation between science, pseudo-science and faith

This contribution is founded on a forty-year friendship between two university psychology professors, for whom dialogue on science and religion has been a perennial theme. At a previous conference they collaborated on a paper on the psychology of religion. The present paper attempts to further this conversation with a dialogue on truth, science, pseudoscience, and faith. The dialogue is structured around a theme from Denis Diderot that the basis of philosophy is incredulity. The ensuing conversation, which interrogates the meaning of science and truth, includes various questions and answers

Analisis Hak Atas Tanah Dalam Perspektif Hadist Dan Hukum Agraria Nasional

Land is something that is very important for human life. From the land humans come from, on the land humans live and into the land humans will return. Ownership, control, use and utilization of land need to be regulated in such a way in national agrarian law. In particular, land rights also need to be regulated in the agrarian law. In this context, the teachings and laws in Islam as the largest religion in Indonesia also influence the conception and policies regarding land rights. In this case, the teachings contained in the verses of the Quran and the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW as a source of Islamic law become the theological and philosophical basis of the substance of land rights regulated in the constitution and other laws and regulations in Indonesia.

Implementation of Knowledge Integration in Islamic Higher Education

Knowledge integration in higher education institutions is a crucial topic for advancing academic and practical outcomes. This study investigated the implementation of knowledge integration at UIN Jakarta, focusing on its policies, practices, and philosophical foundations. Using qualitative methods such as document analysis and interviews, the research examines how UIN Jakarta integrates religious and secular knowledge within its academic framework. The findings reveal that UIN Jakarta has established a robust philosophical basis for knowledge integration, emphasizing an open-minded and dialogic approach to learning. Additionally, the university has enacted various policies at both institutional and faculty levels to support this initiative. However, limitations include the lack of comprehensive policies across all faculties and minimal emphasis on community service programs related to knowledge integration. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with knowledge integration in Islamic higher education institutions, highlighting the need for further research and evidence-based practices to enhance these efforts.

OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO THE APPLICATION OF A PREVENTIVE MEASURE IN THE FORM OF BAIL: PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The purpose of the article is to identify the problems in the fulfilment of the obligations related to bail as a preventive measure based on the approaches formulated in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as to offer recommendations on how to resolve them. Methods. The general philosophical basis of the study was formed by axiological and hermeneutical approaches. In particular, the first one allowed to carry out a value analysis of the fundamental human right to liberty and to assess the impact of the amount of bail to provide an effective alternative for the restriction of this right. Meanwhile, the second made it possible to apply an in-depth study and interpretation of the legal texts of the European Court of Human Rights judgments and the national legislation. When building the system of recommendations, we used the systemic and structural method, as well as the logical research method and the method of legal modelling with. Results and conclusions. The analysis of the legal positions of the ECtHR made it possible to conditionally single out the following standards and recommendations for national judges for ensuring the legality and reasonableness of the determination the amount of bail in criminal proceedings: 1) the main purpose of bail is to ensure the appearance of a person, not to punish him or her or to create conditions for compensation for the damage caused by a criminal offence; 2) the accuracy in determining the amount of bail as an alternative to possible keeping in custody should be equal to the thoroughness in justifying the continued keeping of a person in custody; 3) if the bail is provided by the suspect/accused, the key thing to consider when determining the optimal amount of bail is his/her assets (property status) and solvency. However, if the bail is provided by another person (the bail bondsman), the relationship between the bail bondsman and the suspect/accused should be taken into account to determine the effective bail amount; 4) the extent of the damage caused by the criminal offence may be taken into account as an exception when determining the bail amount - but this cannot be applied as a general rule due to the different purpose of the bail; 5) a suspect/accused person who is being considered the possibility of being granted bail must provide the court with information that may be necessary to adequately determine the amount of potential bail and be verified for this aim; 6) the amount of bail must be substantiated in the decision of the investigating judge or court, which will serve as an important guarantee of preventing arbitrariness; 7) failure of a person to fulfil the obligation to provide bail after it has been set may be a sign that the amount of bail is excessive and disproportionate for the suspect/accused.

Peace Education: Philosophical Analysis and Review of Nonviolent Character Education Practices

This paper examines education with a modern philosophical analysis approach. From a phenomenological point of view, philosophy firmly shows that philosophy does not solely start from metaphysical conceptions but also always starts from contextual ones, which originate from actual or true events. The method of this writing is phenomenological based on developing thoughts about educational philosophy. From this literature review, the conclusion emerges that to overcome conflict with a non-violent mentality, education is believed to help humans develop a new mentality and character that allows humans to adapt to their social environment. Thus, in order for humans to comprehend one another and cultivate peace, they must be receptive to all possibilities within the framework of hermeneutics, including the historical background, which serves as the foundation. This paper contributes to a mindset that prioritizes openness to new ideas, remaining flexible and easy to adapt, change, and investigate routes that are rebuilt over time in accordance with the basic philosophy of humans as existentialist creatures.

CW+R Curriculum in the Era of Education 4.0: Trials on the Doctoral Program for Primary School Teacher Education Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Yogyakarta

The research objectives describe the CW+R curriculum profile, explore the relationship between the CW+R curriculum and education 4.0, find the impact of model implementation in building a true scientist mentality, predict the completion of doctoral program students. The method used in this research is R&D with steps: describing the existing curriculum, finding the philosophical basis of the curriculum, designing the model concept, compiling the model mechanism, validating the model, and testing the model. Model results in the good category p = 0.06323 (standard p> 0.05), RMSEA = 0.058 (standard RMSEA < 0.08). The contribution of the model philosophy is 0.99; very strong philosophical foundation, concept 0.83; the concept of the model is also very strong, operationalization 0.40; less strong because the model is still in the trial stage for one semester. the relationship between the operationalization of the model with education 4.0 is 0.06; still very weak therefore there needs to be empowerment to educators about education 4.0. mentality of a true scientist: problem solving ability 3.481, scientific method 4.115, couriosity 3.615 with a maximum score of 5,000. Scientific method has a very high score, which is an optimism that the model is able to build a true scientist mentality. Timely completion of the study tends to be achieved with this CW+R curriculum.

Ibnu Sina’s Mental Health

ABSTRACT In this era, human life relies on progress in science and technology, which in turn creates problems that must be faced physically, psychologically, socially and economically. Which ultimately causes a person to experience mental health disorders such as stress and depression, paranoia, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar, dimensionality, autism. In this regard, there has been debate among western scholars, medical circles and psychiatrists, psychologists and various other schools in identifying the causes of mental disorders and this has given rise to debate among scientists. Some scientists say that the problem of mental disorders starts from biological, biophysical, psychosocial, genetic and social factors. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative type of research. The results of the researchers show that modern psychology and western philosophers no longer see the issue of mental disorders as a metaphysical discussion, they only look at it from a social perspective and do not explain problems regarding the soul in discussions about health. mentally. They focus on medical problems that are related to physical or sociological causes and do not see them as metaphysical entities. Ibn Sina explains metaphysics and the relationship between body and soul on a philosophical basis for mental health. Ibn Sina proposed a more integrative approach to mental health disorders.

Peer-Run Respite Approaches to Supporting People Experiencing an Emotional Crisis.

Research shows that guests experience peer-run respites as empowering and safe places where they feel more seen, heard, and respected than they do in conventional settings. This column describes the successful and unique processes of peer-run respites that support guests in emotional crisis and facilitate healing. In a discussion informed by their experiences and the literature, the authors examine how peer-run respites differ from conventional psychiatric crisis response services in their basic philosophy: how emotional crisis is understood, the goal of crisis response, how trauma is viewed, the importance of self-determination, power dynamics, and relationality.

Analisis Kritis Sains Modern Menggunakan Filsafat Khudi Muhammad Iqbal

Science is one of the important things in efforts to approach and get to know existing objects, so it requires a correct basis for self-awareness such as understanding khudi. Because, the direction of modernity with the spirit of the developing Western Renaissance makes Modern Science behave fragmentatively. So that the physical dimension is separated from the metaphysical dimension which requires values and morals. So, this research seeks to analyze certain aspects and sides of modern science, to then be criticized with the perspective of Khudi Muhammad Iqbal. This research is library research using a philosophical approach in critical analysis on data. The results of this research state that Khudi Muhammad Iqbal has a comprehensive-integral influence on a person in terms of his awareness. So, it brings universality, wise considerations, and the relevance of good life from a philosophical basis, especially for scientific trends in this era which are used as references for modern life.

Siberian Regionalism as a Phenomenon of Social Thought in Late Imperial Russia

Abstract This article considers regionalism (oblastnichestvo) as an independent direction in the history of Russian thought and culture. Four varieties of regionalism are pointed out: Russian, Ukrainian, Siberian, and Western Russianism (zapadnorussizm), which held the principles of federalism in common. The philosophical and methodological basis of regionalism was narodnichestvo (populism)—the ideology and movement of the intelligentsia in Russia in the second half of the nineteenth century. Narodnichestvo was against serfdom and capitalist development in Russia, and for the overthrow of the autocracy by means of a peasant revolution, positivism, and Slavophilism. The program of the regionalists was addressed to the provincial intelligentsia and was largely aimed at the formation of an intelligentsia called to serve their region. The program of Siberian regionalism is considered in more detail.

“Voices unheard: exploring the perception and attitude toward reporting elder mistreatment within Pakistani communities in the UK”

PurposeElder mistreatment (EM) is a complex, universal health and social problem predominantly studied in the indigenous (white) populations of Western countries. This has led to consideration of dominant explanations as universal, potentially masking crucial cultural and ethnic differences. This study aims to fill the gap in elder mistreatment literature for the Pakistani community, offering unique perspectives to inform culturally sensitive policy recommendations.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach, anchored in the philosophical basis of constructivist grounded theory, was used to investigate understandings of EM among Pakistanis in Sheffield, UK. This involved two gender-based focus groups (male = 1; female = 1) and 22 in-depth individual interviews, engaging a diverse participant pool, including older people, family caregivers and community stakeholders.FindingsThis study reveals diverse understandings of elder mistreatment (EM) among Pakistani adults, varying across age and gender groups, with distinguished key forms identified. Reporting EM is crucial, but victims face complex decision-making, hindered by societal and individual barriers, including moral and cultural dilemmas. Access to formal support is limited, emphasising the need for targeted interventions.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to delve into the perspectives of Pakistanis on elder mistreatment. It emphasises the importance of policymakers and service providers integrating considerations of race, ethnicity, culture and gender to develop inclusive services, as indicated by the study’s findings.

Концепт saeculum в трактатах блаженного Августина Аврелия «Об истинной религии» и «О Книге Бытия буквально»

This article offers a contextual study of the concept of saeculum in the treatises of St. Aurelius Augustine «De vera religione» and «De Genesi ad litteram». Based on the analysis of the use of the noun saeculum in the treatises, the author comes to the conclusion that, although all the basic provisions have already been set out in the treatise «De vera religione», in the treatise «De Genesi ad litteram» they receive significant deepening and development, some new ideas related to this concept appear. These new meanings in the theoretical theological and philosophical basis of the treatises of St. Augustine include the fact that the polysemantic term saeculum — “age”, “world”, can have both a purely temporal meaning of a “temporal era”, and can be contrasted with the reality of human existence with the Divine, in sense of the biblical meaning of “this world”.

Konseling Analisis Transaksional: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur

Transactional analysis counseling was developed from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and the discovery of the workings of the brain. The aim of this research is to find out about transactional analysis counseling philosophically based on the results of literature studies. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature study type. The method used in this type of literature study is to search for data or material by reviewing and collecting information from various credible and relevant sources such as scientific journals, articles, books and others related to the topic discussed, namely transactional analysis counseling based on ego state counseling theory. Then note down the important points that are appropriate to the research problem. (1) The results of this research include the Basic Philosophy of Transactional Analysis Counseling. (2) Main Concepts of Transactional Analysis Counseling (3) Objectives of Transactional Analysis Counseling, (4) Ego state theory, (5) Role and function of the counselor in transactional analysis counseling, (6)Counselee experience in counseling. (7) Procedure for Transactional Analysis Counseling Stages. (8) Transactional Analysis Counseling Techniques.

Dualism of Labor Law: Private Law and Public Law Aspects

The relevance of the topic of this article is due to the fact that the structure of labor law as a regulator of public relations contains the principles of both power and subordination, and equality of the parties. Despite the prevalence of the concept of dualism in labor law, there is no consensus in legal science regarding its content.The purpose of this article is to develop scientific provisions reflecting the features of dualism in labor law. Proceeding from the designated goal, the author set tasks: to determine the private and public legal aspects in the dual nature of labor law. In the process of studying national interests, the dialectical method of cognition was used as a philosophical basis, as well as general scientific research methods: ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the system-structural method. private scientific methods: formal legal, as wellas logical means of cognition — analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction.As a result of the analysis of scientific and regulatory sources, the following conclusions were formulated: 1) The state performs several functions in achieving a balance of private and public legal interests in the field of labor regulation: legislative, control, social, intermediary. 2) By promoting a balance between the interests of workers and the State, civil society contributes to ensuring fairer and more stable working conditions for all.

The KMT’s Shifting Approach to the Outside World during the 1920s: A Reinvention of Chinese Confucianism

Through a Confucian lens, this research explores the transformation of the Kuomintang’s (國民黨; KMT) foreign policy during the 1920s. It examines the shift in the KMT's foreign policy from Sun Yat-Sen’s 孫逸仙 (1866-1925) “Allying with Soviet Russia” (lian’e 聯俄) stance to Chiang Kai-shek’s 蔣介石 (1887-1975) prioritization of Western relations around 1927. The study highlights the reintroduction of Confucianism in the KMT's foreign policy during this period, considering the conventional Confucian education of KMT leaders. Unlike previous studies analyzing this shift from political or historical perspectives, this study provides a chronological analysis that centers around the change to Confucianism. It addresses a significant research vacuum in the existing literature and uses archival analysis to examine the evolution of the KMT’s foreign policy. The study examines primary sources such as Sun’s speeches, Chiang's diary, and contemporaneous memoirs. The study comprises three chronological sections. The first section (1920–1924) explores the influence of Confucianism on Sun’s alignment with Soviet Russia due to commonalities between Confucianism and Communism. The second section (1924-1927) examines how Confucianism shaped the KMT’s Western-oriented shift. The third section (1928–1930) delves into the philosophical basis of the Treaty Revision Movement (Gaiding xinyue yundong 改訂新約運動) and the adoption of ‘keeping good faith and pursuing harmony’ (Jiangxin xiumu 講信修睦) as the foreign policy principle. This research concludes that Sun, inspired by Confucian-Communist parallels, initially aligned with Soviet Russia but that later, under Chiang’s leadership, the KMT used “The Confucianisation of the Three People’s Principles” (Sanminzhuyi 三民主義) in its consolidation of a power shift towards the West and adopted Confucian principles to further legitimize its rule by promoting the New Treaty Movement.

Extending science instruction beyond the CER: Use of critical questions in the argumentation of middle school science students

AbstractCritiquing arguments is important for K‐12 science students to learn but not emphasized by the predominant claim‐evidence‐reasoning (CER) argumentation model. Drawing on the work of Yu and Zenker (2020), and Dove and Nussbaum (2018), we developed a tool for supplementing CER with critical questions (CQs) from philosophy that cover most, if not all, the logical dimensions of argument critique. Six middle school science teachers designed lessons involving argumentation, including the use of CQs. We assessed the effects on student self‐efficacy for engaging in argument critique, teacher self‐efficacy for using argument pedagogy, and teachers’ perceptions of the value of CQs. Qualitative data included teacher interviews, lesson transcripts, and student work samples. Quantitative data included surveys of student self‐efficacy administered at the beginning and end of the school year. There was evidence suggesting an increase over time in students’ confidence for engaging in argument critique and teachers’ confidence with argument pedagogy. However, only four of the six teachers were confident and skilled enough to include CQs in their lessons. Those who did use CQs tended to perceive them as providing a helpful structure for critique, prompts for deeper thinking, and a tool for fostering critical classroom norms. Discussion of CQs may have benefitted students’ writing by promoting peer critique and encouragement to elaborate. Overall, CQs afford students with a framework for judging argument strength. Scientific argumentation involving CQs provides a more contemporary philosophical basis for scientific argumentation than CER or the Toulmin model as it emphasizes the critical and dialogic nature of science.

Purpose of Implementing Progressive Law against Criminal Offenders in Order to Provide Legal Certainty and Legal Benefits

The implementation of Progressive Law Enforcement is motivated by the desire to avoid negative effects on the ineffectiveness of the criminal justice system in accommodating criminal cases so that the law enforcement process does not continue through the courts. This writing uses descriptive legal research, in which the author uses a normative juridical research type using the Library Research data collection method. This research aims to find out the philosophical basis of Progressive Law in providing legal certainty and legal benefits and the application of Progressive Law by the National Police in increasing the resolution of criminal cases. Based on the research and discussion results, a picture is obtained that law is the rules and guidelines that regulate life in society to create peace and order. Progressive legal ideas occupy a separate legal position. Various groups in handling legal cases, especially in the country, emphasize the preposition of Progressive Legal theory. Especially emphasizing the element of benefit in the form of human peace in society, nation, and state, the implementation of progressive law as an effort to improve the resolution of criminal cases requires that police investigators be able to carry out their duties and authority professionally, accountably and morally so that progressive law enforcement can be in line with legal objectives. It provides legal certainty, legal benefits, and a sense of justice.