Ontological Basis Research Articles

Identification and Characterization of Osmoregulation Related MicroRNAs in Gills of Hybrid Tilapia Under Three Types of Osmotic Stress.

Researchers have increasingly suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and protein translation in organs and respond to abiotic and biotic stressors. To understand the function of miRNAs in osmotic stress regulation of the gills of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus ♀ × Oreochromis urolepis hornorum ♂), high-throughput Illumina deep sequencing technology was used to investigate the expression profiles of miRNAs under salinity stress (S, 25‰), alkalinity stress (A, 4‰) and salinity–alkalinity stress (SA, S: 15‰, A: 4‰) challenges. The results showed that 31, 41, and 27 upregulated and 33, 42, and 40 downregulated miRNAs (P < 0.05) were identified in the salt stress, alkali stress, and saline–alkali stress group, respectively, which were compared with those in the control group (C). Fourteen significantly differently expressed miRNAs were selected randomly and then validated by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, genes related to osmoregulation and biosynthesis were enriched in the three types of osmotic stress. In addition, three miRNAs and three predicted target genes were chosen to conduct a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the hybrid tilapia and its parents during 96-h osmotic stress. Differential expression patterns of miRNAs provided the basis for research data to further investigate the miRNA-modulating networks in osmoregulation of teleost.

Мир или событие? К онтологии войны

This paper is an attempt to rethink the ontology of war. Its main object is to determine the ontological status of war and the connection between strategies of armed conflict prevention and the way this status is understood. If to overcome metaphysics we need to reconsider its basis then maybe a similar strategy should be applied in order to overcome war. The source of war is understood here not only in temporal terms, but also as its essence – the ontological basis. The first part of the article invokes several conceptions from the twentieth century (that, of course, refer to much older texts), according to which, war was to be overcome by variously understood progress. In those conceptions, as well as in the critical approaches from the beginning of the 21st century, war is treated as an event, a state of affairs. In the next part of my paper, based on Margaret Mead's anthropological diagnosis, I propound a conception of war as an invention, and therefore – technology. The issue of war is further considered in the context of the twentieth century philosophy of technology. A thesis is put forward according to which understanding the influence of techne of war over episteme should be the essence of thinking of war prevention. In this study, war is treated as a technology that determines perception. For critical reflection upon war, I use twentieth century philosophical conceptions linking technology with cognitive processes, especially those formulated by Martin Heidegger and Marshall McLuhan. Woniak A. wiat czy wydarzenie? W stron ontologii wojny // Argument. 2020. Vol. 1/10. Pp. 133-150.

‘해원상생’에서 ‘상생’의 존재론적 근거

In this article, I reveal the ontological basis or grounds of ‘Sangsaeng’ through the Heideggerian Thought by focusing on ‘HaewonSangsaeng’ in Daesoon Thought and Daesoon Jinrihoe. ‘Sangsaeng’ means ‘to live (well) with others.’ ‘Living’ in this context means not only humans living among humans, but also all beings that exist and are able to live well with each other. At this time, we can find the basis for ‘Sangsaeng’ in Daesoon Thought or Daesoon Jinrihoe through Heidegger’s ‘Geviert-Welt,’ ‘Gelassenheit,’ and ‘Wohnen.’ In other words, we can provide a basis for ‘Sangsaeng’ through ‘Geviert-Welt’ in which one of the ‘four’ of ‘earth, sky, divine things, and those who will die’ unfold in a mutually beneficent manner, and the human attitude of ‘Gelassenheit’ can enter ‘Geviert-Welt.’ Naturally, when limited to humans, this ‘Sangsaeng’ is achieved through ‘Wohnen,’ a way of being a human who enters the ‘Gevirt-Welt’ and lives while taking care of everything that exists. However, ‘Wohnen’ takes place in ‘Geiert-Welt.’ Therefore, in this article, I insist that the ethical ideology or guideline of Daesoon Thought or Daesoon Jinrihoe’s ‘Sangsaeng’ is already ideologically achieved through an ontological horizon such as ‘Gevier-Welt,’ ‘Gelassenheit,’ and ‘Wohnen.’ And under these circumstances, it can be revealed that ‘Haewon’ is already being resolved.

An ontology-based hybrid e-learning content recommender system for alleviating the cold-start problem

An e-learning recommender system (RS) aims to generate personalized recommendations based on learner preferences and goals. The existing RSs in the e-learning domain still exhibit drawbacks due to its inability to consider the learner characteristics in the recommendation process. In this paper, we are dealing with the new user cold-start problem, which is a major drawback in e-learning content RSs. This problem can be mitigated by incorporating additional learner data in the recommendation process. This paper proposes an ontology-based (OB) content recommender system for addressing the new user cold-start problem. In the proposed recommendation model, ontology is used to model the learner and learning objects with their characteristics. Collaborative and content-based filtering techniques are used in the recommendation model to generate the top N recommendations based on learner ratings. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance and prediction accuracy of the proposed model in cold-start conditions using the evaluation metrics mean absolute error, precision and recall. The proposed model provides more reliable and personalized recommendations by making use of ontological domain knowledge.

Construction of Justice, Certainty, and Legal Use in the Decision of the Supreme Court Number 46 P/HUM/2018.

Abstract.The decision of the Supreme Court Number 46 P/HUM/2018 has triggered the division of the legal paradigm in Indonesia. The philosophical discourse between justice, certainty, and the legal use in the reality of Indonesian law reflects the strong grip of legal positivism that resides in the Supreme Court's decision and causes a waning sense of justice and public hope to obtain a track record of candidates who are proper and with integrity. This study aims to explain the philosophical dialectic between justice, certainty, and legal use in PMA No. 46 of 2018 while expressing a representation of justice, construction of legal certainty and legal use that is incarnated according to the judge's consideration in the decision. The approach through justice theory John Stuart Mill and John Rawls will be used to slice the conception of justice, certainty, and legal use that resides in the decision of the Supreme Court Number 46 P/HUM /2018. This research is a normative-philosophical legal research. The results showed that the construction of justice imprinted in the verdict tended to project the concept of justice as equality (justice as fairness) from John Rawls, this can be seen from the consideration of judges contained in decisions emphasizing individual freedom (political rights, elected and elected) as a form of efforts to strengthen libertarian rights or natural rights that cannot be negated by the freedom of others. The aspects of legal benefit and certainty reflect the grip of the positivistic paradigm in law. This is reflected in two lines of consideration, firstly there is no consideration of the common interest (the greatest benefit) in the decision which is a test stone to see the implications of the prohibition norm for former convicted corruption for the future of parliament and the regeneration of people's representatives. Whereas the aspect of legal certainty in the decision only touches the legal realm as lex and negates the ontological basis of the law as an ius which is full of consideration of morality and justice ideas without trying to reveal what is behind the text (meta-teleological aspects) PKPU No. 20 of 2018. Thus, three legal values (certainty, legal use, and justice) should have an equally important position within the framework of the state legal system. When all three are in conflict, the central role of the judge's duty to equally apply the three legal objectives.Keywords: Justice, certainty, legal use, Law, Supreme Court Decision.

Technology for Filling Subject Ontologies of the Scientific Knowledge Space

Subject ontology in the context of this article is understood as a set of key concepts related to a certain field of science, with their semantic connections, supplemented by indexes of various classification systems describing this scientific field. Subject ontologies are a necessary component of each subspace that is part of the Unified digital space of scientific knowledge (DSSK). This article presents the results of research related to the construction of subject ontologies based on the created automated system for supporting terminological dictionaries and suggests a methodology for identifying new key terms in a particular field of science. The proposed methodology is based on the use of existing classification systems in conjunction with citation databases, such as Web of Science and Scopus for English–language publications and the Russian citation index for Russian-language publications. The methodology involves dividing the scientific field into a number of sections in accordance with the selected classification system, extracting from the CSB the core of articles related to each section, and from the articles - new author's keywords, which should constitute, in combination with the corresponding sections of classification systems, the basis of the subject ontologies of this scientific field.

СПЕЦИФИКА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДЪЯЗЫКА СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТЕКСТА ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ЗАПИСКИ К ПРОЕКТУ)

Objective of the article is to consider the question of the origin, formation, and enrichment of the terminological system of the construction language for specific purposes. The article analyzes the ways of formation and development of the terminological system of the lexical subsystem, as well as the classification of lexical and semantic ways of term formation. The following tasks were defined: to consider the formation of a terminological system in the construction language for specific purposes, to determine the place of the term system in the language subsystem, to identify lexical and semantic ways of word formation in the construction term system. Applied methods . The article applies linguistic and structural methods and semantic analysis of authentic texts of the explanatory notes to the projects. The relevance of the presented research lies in the need to specify ways to form and enrich the ontological base of construction texts for their application in applied and theoretical linguistics. Results . The study analyzed and identified the main ways of developing the lexical subsystem of the construction ontology: terminologization of words in common language, metaphorization, metonymization, narrowing of meaning. Conclusions . The presented classification of semantic derivation of lexical units based on the analysis of authentic texts of explanatory notes can be used in the development of tools for analyzing the term systems of the construction language for specific purposes, creating dictionaries of terms, databases and information nodes of the virtual learning environment for both specialists and students in construction specialties.

The Iconicity of Russian Culture

Russian culture should be adequately represented in the modern cultural consciousness as a unique phenomenon. Among new approaches there seem to be three that can be considered the most important and promising. 1) The concept of the iconicity of Orthodox culture, created by V.V. Lepakhin, that is now being developed by a significant number of interesting authors in various aspects. 2) The concept of Russian literature Easterness (Paskhalnost), substantiated by I.A. Yesaulov and potentially applicable to the general specific characteristics of Russian culture as a whole. 3) The concept of Russian culture as the “culture of transformation”, in contrast to the Western culture of individual “self-realization”. The purpose of this article is to review the most important works within the outlined conceptual field and formulate general principles for understanding the iconicity of Russian culture as its ontological basis. From the methodological point of view, we are talking about a kind of “archeology of culture” (by analogy with the “archeology of knowledge” of M. Foucault) – that is, the discovery of the primary historical foundations of Russian culture, which were later obscured by the influence of Western culture, especially in its secular forms. In the West, the original and universal principle of the iconicity of Christian culture was gradually replaced by the principle of “sculpturality”. If iconicity is the focus of man and every creature on the Creator and on his highest heavenly perfection, which presupposes the path of transformation and the clear distinction between the created and non-created; then sculpturality is the self-sufficiency of man and all creations, closing them in their proud self-sufficiency, and thereby closing the way for their transformation. Since the Christian East has preserved Orthodoxy, it is here that the original “matrix” of Christian culture has been preserved, indestructible by any later Western influences, although it has experienced strong deformations and “pseudomorphoses” under their onslaught. Iconicity is the original ontology of culture as such: on the one hand, it preserves the original paradise connection with eternal and perfect existence at the moment of creation; on the other hand, it also carries the act of ontological catastrophe bringing death, evil and imperfection into the world. The concept of Russian culture “iconicity” is considered to be the most important theoretical achievement of modern Russian thought. It combines, on the one hand, cultural and theological accuracy, and, on the other, – the huge practical potential for the revival of the national spirit.

Technical aspects for integration of open ontological knowledge bases with modern automated control systems

Technical aspects for integration of open ontological knowledge bases with modern automated control systems

Hermeneutika Filosofis Hans-Georg Gadamer sebagai Basis Ontologis Multikulturalisme

AbstractThis paper aims to make Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics the ontological basis of multiculturalism. This is interesting to do because, first, multiculturalism can be seen as a hermeneutical phenomenon and secondly, philosophical hermeneutics contains significant concepts for multiculturalism, such as tradition, effective historical awareness, dialogue and fusion of horizons. To reveal the ontological vision contained in philosophical hermeneutics, this paper uses Heidegger's existential ontology as its formal object, namely the concept of being-in-a-world. With analogical analysis, the ontological vision of philosophical hermeneutics is obtained, namely dialectical ontology. This ontological vision becomes the ontological basis for multiculturalism as dialogical multiculturalism. Keywords: Philosophical hermeneutics, ontology, multiculturalism

Critic on Auguste Comte’s Positivism in Sociology (An Islamic Sociology Perspective)

The rapid science in the modern era, provides significant changes for humans, both in the fields of economics, politics, culture, environment, society, education, and even religion. The 19th century is a century of science that is growing rapidly, this can be seen from the emergence of various scientists who provide concepts, theories based on philosophy with basic ontology, epistemology, and axiology as a contribution to the development of science. One of them, the scientist known as the father of sociology, was Auguste Comte a scientist from France. Comte is famous for its philosophy of postivism because of the many references by scientists in the contemporary era. This is based on the calculation of the success of designing the social structure of modern humans with three stages of law, but one side of the theory he produced has eliminated the fundamental value in humans, namely eliminating the metaphysical basis. In a three-stage law, more concerned with physical values than metaphysical values, this will result in a society that abandons religion and even eliminates the existence of God. The thoughts produced by Comte are thoughts originating from the west, where the basic West is relativism so if viewed from an Islamic point of view this theory will produce atheists and eliminate the sanctity of religion. In Islam religion and society are inseparable because religion is a guideline that is used as a basis in people's lives based on the values of the Qur'an and Sunnah. Therefore in this paper we will study more deeply the criticisms of Aguste Comte's thinking, using qualitative research types, with descriptive analysis methods and theological philosophical approaches.

Art History at the Water’s Edge

The publication in 2019 of two books on the artistic and sexual cultures of New York’s derelict waterfront in the 1970s is a cause for celebration, and both Jonathan Weinberg and Fiona Anderson are to be praised enthusiastically for the dazzling breadth and depth of original archival research they each present. These books are important markers in the continuing critical reassessment of the intersection of artistic production and sexual politics in the 1970s, a decade that has figured in art history and queer studies as an object of fantasy, of desire, an object mourned, and is more widely characterised by various mythologies that are used to support a range of problematic historical narratives, most egregiously, as a decade of sexual decadence followed by the inevitable retributions of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the necessary disciplines of neoconservatism in the 1980s. Weinberg and Anderson are both aware that these perceptions of the 1970s are the product of a partial and homophobic conception of subsequent history that serves reactionary forces, to include the privatization and gentrification of urban space and the increased fracturing of solidarity in queer communities due to economic inequality. Both return to the ruined pier buildings stretching the length of the lower west side of Manhattan, following their industrial abandonment in the 1950s and prior to their demolition in the 1980s, to contest these narratives. Weinberg and Anderson, then, make significant contributions to understanding of the AIDS epidemic by questioning its imaginative effects on its immediately preceding history, providing new perspectives on the vexed question of the experience of temporal deterioration in marginalised communities due to mass death. At a moment when art history is looking to ‘decentre’ its epistemological and ontological bases in a particular canon of Euro-American art, Weinberg and Anderson offer reconfigurations of artistic production in 1970s New York from the perspective of the waterfront, a liminal place, neither land nor water, through narratives that fuse visual art, literature, amateur photography and sexual activism. The fact that these books take such a similar focus and appeared in such rapid succession – so much so that neither author was able to cite the other’s work – seems to invite their comparison. Yet this temptation is to be resisted as far as possible, as it would betray the particular pleasures, insights and socio-political resources of each text, let alone the multiplicitous nature of sexual, social and creative experimentation on the piers themselves.

СИСТЕМОТЕХНІЧНА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗАСАД ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОЇ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ПРИ ПАНДЕМІЇ (TISP)

I ntelligent Information Systems (IIS) is the next step in the evolution of information processing systems. The intelligent system must provide the opportunity to use modern technologies and tools for data integration, their processing and extraction of knowledge in explicit or implicit form. The use of ontologies is provided an eff ective analysis of information resources and their use in IIS, especially in areas of human activity that are evolving and changing rapidly. The implementation of an eff ective rehabilitation system based on evidence-based medicine and uniform standards and rules is an important component of Ukraine’s health care system in the time of a pandemic. Subject orientation of the transdisciplinary intellectual information-analytical system and creation of separate functional confi gurations of the system is aimed at use in the fi eld of medical rehabilitation. Objective of the research was the subject orientation of the transdisciplinary intellectual information-analytical system and the creation of individual functional confi gurations of the system for use in the fi eld of medical rehabilitation. The theoretical and methodological basis of “Transdisciplinary intelligent information and analytical system for the rehabilitation processes support in a pandemic (TISP)” is the conceptual and methodological principles of knowledge-oriented processing of natural language texts. They consist of models and methods that include methods of construction and processing of ontologies of the subject area, which are based on methods of construction and analysis of the structure of growing pyramidal networks; logical-mathematical models of natural language texts processing on the basis of ontologies and growing pyramidal networks; local-statistical method of concept allocation in growing pyramidal networks, which allows forming the concepts of minimum length with maximum support for polynomial time; methods of semantic processing of natural language texts, which use the mechanisms of adjacency of facts, to form a system of «questions and answers» on the content of texts. In the process of performing the grant work, a strategy for expanding the functionality and subject orientation of TISP was developed. TISP platform was implemented with a component architecture of cognitive services, which provides transdisciplinary consolidation of all specialists who need to be involved in the rehabilitation of a particular patient. The International Classifi cation of Functioning, Disability and Health, (ICF) and the White Book on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine in Europe, which defi nes the nature, scope and parameters of physical and rehabilitation medicine in Europe, have been developed in the form of interactive documents. The ontology-driven approach to the operability of the interaction between the doctor-rehabilitation specialist and the patient promptly implements the entire technological chain from determining the patient’s condition to the choice and appointment by the doctor of a specifi c set of rehabilitation procedures. The use of an ontology-driven approach provides fl exibility in the subject orientation of TISP and the building of individual functional confi gurations of the system.

ИНФЕРНАЛЬНОЕ НАЧАЛО В РАССКАЗЕ Ф.М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО "БОБОК"

The article is devoted to the analysis of Feodor M. Dostoevsky’s short story Bobok from the point of view of the embodiment and action of the infernal principle in it. It is shown that the infernal principle plays a structure-forming role in the artistic reality of Bobok , being, in fact, its ontological basis. The article esablishes the relashions between Bobok and Plato’s dialogue Symposium . It is discussed also the phenomenon of infernality in Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazovs and its traces in Michail A. Bulgakov’s novel Master and Margarita .

Объективное время: в чем преимущества реалистического подхода к исследованию социальной темпоральности?

In the article, the author attempts to substantiate an object-oriented approach for the study of social temporality. To solve this problem, the author takes several steps. First, the author justifies the need for a realistic approach, since it allows us to substantiate the constitutive meaning of social temporality, as well as to show the possibility of understanding time beyond the functions of social practices and/or social processes. Second, the author shows the origins of realism in the classical philosophical tradition and analyzes the possibilities of neorealism and critical realism for understanding social time. Thanks to this, a way of thinking about the social was shown based on social actors (the study of their morphogenesis increases the validity of this category). At the final step, the author shows that objects can act as an ontological basis from which thinking about social time is possible. Using Graham Harman's interpretation of the object, the author considers time as an interobjective phenomenon, a function of objects, their relations, order and aspirations for interaction. Interobjectivity postulates the constitutive value of various objects for the construction of the social. The agency and self-reference of objects, justified by Graham Harman and Levi Bryant, make it possible to avoid the need for an observer figure, which is characteristic of the established social theory and corresponds to the principles of “flat ontology”. Thus, the proposed approach allows us to think about social time based on fundamental ontological grounds, which contributes to the leveling of the distortions of the observer's view. Unlike the models analyzed above, relying on objects allows us to think of time not only as linear and unidirectional (which is especially important for understanding social temporality): a realistic intention remains. Due to the interpretation of the object that opposes materialism and idealism, the field of research of social temporality is expanding, and time itself can be thought beyond the material/ideal dichotomy; also, social time does not oppose the physical one, since it is impossible to distinguish only “social” or “physical” objects (material and ideal, artificial and natural, and so on). The epistemological vector can thus shift from the study of social practices or rhythms of social life to the potential for changes contained in objects and object-oriented interpretations of causality.

Some Elements of Communication Theory in Theodore Metochites’ Memorable Notes (Ch. 1–26, 71)

This paper is aimed at the complex investigation of the communication and its ontological basis in Theodore Metochites’ (1270–1332) Memorable Notes (Semeioseis gnomikai). In the Memorable Notes Metochites oriented himself toward those authors who, like Plutarch, tried to discuss everything, including history, culture, and the being in general, in a philosophical manner. The speechlessness as the subject matter of Ch. 1 and 9 is compensated, according to Theodore, with a creative liberty and the possibility to discuss every topic, which is inherent to everybody, but, first and foremost, members of the intellectual elite. The conflict of these two ideas, i. e., of the speechlessness and of the liberty to think and speak, forms the antinomy of communication, being of importance for Theodore’s thought. Similar opinions of late medieval authors seemed to pave the way for Kant’s third antinomy. Moreover, the theme of the lack of something new to discuss and talk over continued the Aristotelian topics. Finally, in Metochites’ thought, the life of a human being, like those of society and cosmos as a whole, passes through the same stages as a person’s utterance: the cosmos history in its dynamics reminds speech or, more specifically, conversation or dialogue. This intertwinement of Aristotle’s ideas from De interpretatione with those from St. John’s Gospel prologue is a hallmark of that Byzantine-Christian Hellenism which was discussed in Antonio Garzya’s seminal paper of 1985. Besides, Theodore also discussed the unity of the notion of number among all the people. It means that it is the mathematical knowledge which can get a basis for a “conciliarity”, or “all-unity”, at least for the thinking part of the humankind. It is particularly important since the ultimate goal of communication is, therefore, a revealing of the ontological truth of things and events.

«Поворот к онтологии» в неокантианстве (П. Наторп и Э. Ласк)

In the late 1910s and early 1920s, the intellectual situation within neo-Kantianism began to change: there were philosophical projects attempting to overcome the total domination of epistemology in Neo-Kantian doctrines and making place for ontology. Ontological tendencies are typical mainly for P. Natorps’s projects of general logic and E. Lask’s logic of philosophy. I analyze the continuity of Natorp’s early epistemological ideas, developed in the spirit of the Marburg interpretation of Kant’s transcendentalism, and his later ideas, focused on speculative ontological constructions. In particular, I investigate the methodo­logical relationship between the characteristics of knowledge in his early and late philo­sophy: dynamism, creativity, categoriality, unity of the starting point and the goal. The ba­sic structure of Natorps’s project of general logic is reconstructed. Lask’s main texts re­veal the provisions that open the way to an ontological turn. These factors include a cri­tique of the identification of the realm of value and that of the extrasensory in the meta­physics of the past, the postulation of a prereflexive stage of knowledge, interpreting the doctrine of judgment as a doctrine of immanent sense, and treating truth as a con­stitutive-aleteological phenomenon. Both Neo-Kantian philosophers build their systems on an on­tological foundation, making subjectivity dependent on objectivity in cognition, which can be interpreted as a kind of retreat from Kantian criticism. The ontological basis is ex­pressed in the postulation of a universal character of the logical expressed in Natorp’s idea of “poiesis” and Lask’s idea of “panarchy of the Logos”. The analysis of Natorp’s and Lask’s onto-epistemological projects allows us to clarify and reveal the role of Neo-Kantianism in the formation of the new ontologies of the 20th century a.k.a. the “ontologi­cal turn”.

Историческая эпистемология – триггер реформы философии познания

Historical epistemology has to become a basis for reconsideration of a concep­tual framework of the philosophy of knowledge. Such reform was about to happen because this framework meets difficulties, so far as it concerns the un­derstanding of historical processes, including сhanging of that conceptual framework itself. Reform will allow comprehending such concepts anew as “historical reality”, “a historical event”, “the subject of historical knowledge”, “rational reconstruction of historical knowledge”, etc. The principle of histori­cism has to be put in organic connection with the principle of objectivity, and this connection is a necessary basis for understanding “the truth of historical judgments”. Thus “historicism” joins a row the main epistemological concepts and stops being the “additive”, implemented to this row by a researcher’s dis­cretion. All elements of this row are interdependent values. Considered out of this interconditionality, they lose the sense and can turn into anti-values. The objectivity and the validity are historical in the same meaning in what his­toricism there is a necessary condition of objectivity and validity. These values exist only in the course of continuous change of historical knowledge. Such understanding of a backbone kernel of epistemological concepts conducts to a specification of the concept “subject of historical knowledge”, which gains contextual sense, and properly epistemological research is enriched with psy­chological, sociological, and existential characteristics. Their interrelation re­mains under the joint control of the principles of objectivity and historicism. The reform also affects the ontology of historical knowledge. The problem of the historical theory’s ontological bases is put and solved according to the principle of historicism.

The development of a system for automated ontology building based on heterogeneous ontology design patterns

Currently, ontologies have become the main means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject domains (SSDs). In this regard, there is an urgent need for the methods and software tools allowing to involve specialists from different scientific subject domains in the process of ontology building. A possible way to solve this problem is to use ontology design patterns (ODPs). The paper presents an approach to the development of a system supporting the automated construction of the SSD ontologies based on ontology design patterns, which are the formal descriptions of field-proven solutions to typical ontological modeling problems. The main components of this system are repositories of heterogeneous ODPs and basic ontologies, including concepts common to most SSDs, and editors of patterns and ontologies used to build and populate ontologies.

К ПРОБЛЕМНЫМ ВОПРОСАМ ФИЛОСОФИИ ТАНЦА: СЕМИОТИЧЕСКИЙ И ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТЫ ТАНЦЕВАЛЬНЫХ ДВИЖЕНИЙ

One of the core objectives of dance philosophy is research into dance movements as the main means of artistic expression in choreography. This article aims to break the tether of semiotic interpretation of dance movements, to analyze them outside the context of any corporal movement-based practice, and to determine their ontological base, being an irrevocable and immanent quality of human nature itself. Based on various research works in the fields of philosophy, culture studies and art studies, the nature and spe-cific features of the choreographic arts’ expressive language are defined. Semiotic approach to the expressive specifics of dance movements is critically re-evaluated. Its limitations connected with the inter-pretation of the nature of dance movements in the context of understanding the nature of art are substanti-ated. With the help of the method of phenomenological reduction, the dance is represented as an inde-pendent phenomenon. Three important qualities of the nature of dance movements are identified: they oc-cur spontaneously under the influence of positive emotions, have a connection with a person’s special mental state, contribute to the harmonization of a person’s lifeworld. Dancing is characterized by «happi-ness affect», being a source of an individual’s motional activity. This is the state of happiness, positive and joyful emotions that direct a person towards self-actualization. The research is novel in that it defines the ontological aspect of dance movements as those occurring as a result of the «happiness affect» and transferring the energy arising in the human body into an objectified form. Feeling the increased ability of their body to act and its internal energy, doing dance movements, a person experiences satisfaction and joy, and as a result harmony fills their lifeworld.