Basic Motivation Research Articles

Physical Activity-Related Health Competence, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness: Analysis of Control Competence for the Self-Directed Exercise of Adolescents

(1) Background: Individuals have to effectively manage their physical activity in order to optimize the associated physical and psychological health benefits. Control competence allows the individual to structure and pace physical activity in a health-enhancing way. The concept was developed within a model of physical activity-related health competence, and is related to the concepts of health literacy and physical literacy. Therefore, the study firstly aimed to validate a self-report scale to measure the physical and psychological facets of control competence in adolescents. Secondly, relationships between control competence and its basic elements, knowledge and motivation, as well as between control competence, sport activity, and fitness, were investigated. (2) Methods: In two cross-sectional studies, ninth grade adolescents (study A: n = 794, 51% female; study B: n = 860, 52% female) were tested using self-report scales (study A and B), a test for health-related fitness knowledge (study B), and cardiovascular and muscular fitness tests (study B). (3) Results: Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor structure of the self-report scale for control competence in studies A and B. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling in study B showed a relationship between motivation (via control competence) and sport activity, and a relationship between control competence and fitness. (4) Conclusion: The questionnaire extends the ability to assess control competence in adolescents. Moreover the findings support the importance of control competence in order to achieve health benefits through physical activity.

Fresh air for weakened lungs - pulmonary rehabilitation in Switzerland 2019

Fresh air for weakened lungs - pulmonary rehabilitation in Switzerland 2019 Abstract. Pulmonary rehabilitation traditionally plays an important role in the treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases in Switzerland. There is a good availability of pulmonary rehabilitation with 17 centers offering inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation across the country. There is good evidence that pulmonary rehabilitation is not only effective but also cost-effective, especially for the indication of COPD but also for other chronic pulmonary diseases. According to the GOLD guidelines there is an undersupply of COPD patients with pulmonary rehabilitation in Switzerland. Pulmonary rehabilitation is not only limited to the improvement of physical exercise, but also covers all the important aspects for an individual to function in everyday life. Though the daily costs for pulmonary rehabilitation are only a fourth to a thirth of the costs in a hospital. Offering pulmonary rehabilitation to the patients who also have an indication for it lies in the responsibility of the admitting doctors, the insurances and the patients themselves, who need to bring a basic motivation to participate in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Implementation of a Model-Based Programme to Promote Personal and Social Responsibility and Its Effects on Motivation, Prosocial Behaviours, Violence and Classroom Climate in Primary and Secondary Education.

The present study aimed to apply a programme based on Hellison’s Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model (TPSR), traditionally used in Physical Education, to other school subjects and analyse aspects related to motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs among other variables. The programme was applied for 7 months during one academic year, all students receiving at least 60% of the lessons through this teaching methodology. A mixed method research methodology and quasiexperimental design was implemented in three schools (two primary, one secondary), with a total of 29 teachers and 272 students (45 control, 227 experimental group) involved. The students completed a questionnaire before and after the study and the teachers underwent semi-structured interviews at the end of the intervention. The results indicated improvements for the experimental group in personal and social responsibility, the psychological mediator index, the self-determination index, prosocial behaviours and teacher climate, as well as a reduction in amotivation and antisocial behaviours. The results were similar for primary and secondary school. The interviews yielded positive opinions and showed suitability of the method to be applied in the rest of subjects. It is concluded that TPSR can be an appropriate methodology to be implemented in the different curriculum subjects to improve basic psychological need satisfaction, motivation, prosocial behaviours and classroom climate.

Facebook Live: A Mixed-Methods Approach to Explore Individual Live Streaming Practices and Motivations on Facebook

Abstract In April 2016, Facebook launched Facebook Live. Yet, how and why people stream on Facebook Live is poorly understood. Guided by the uses and gratifications theory, we analyzed public, individual live stream videos on Facebook Live (N = 1118) from the USA, Europe and Asia and applied a questionnaire to Facebook Live users (N = 246) in the USA. We found 14 different live streaming practices, the two most common of which were chatting with random people (seen in 48% of the videos) and demonstrations of skills (seen in 10% of the videos). We also identified live streaming sessions that were problematic and challenged Facebook guidelines. From the questionnaire, we revealed that the most important motivations are (i) socializing with family and friends (reported by 38%), (ii) sharing opinions and experiences (reported by 16%) and (iii) entertainment/fun (reported by 15%). Our findings offer insight into the various personal incentives that drive people to stream on Facebook Live and thus contribute to an understanding of the social implications of a new mode of mediated interaction. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Our findings contribute novel insights into how social media usage among individual streamers is moving towards more immediate forms of interaction in a live streaming environment. Some streaming practices challenge both the Facebook community guidelines and users’ privacy. The basic motivations for streaming on Facebook Live are consistent with previous research on the uses and gratifications relating to Facebook in general. However, Facebook Live streaming practices differ with respect to how user-generated content is presented and experienced. Live streaming gives users a greater sense of presence than more traditional social media; however, Facebook Live is used by relatively few and might not represent a major shift in how we communicate.

Российское отходничество: вехи многовековой истории

<p class="_1Vvodka">Отходники<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span>–<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span>самоназвание внутренних временных трудовых мигрантов в России, которые могут быть как самодеятельными предпринимателями, так и наёмными работниками. Ключевые особенности отходников: 1) жители сельской местности и малых городов, ищущие работу в столицах и центрах промышленного развития (в последнем случае синоним<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span>–<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span>вахтовики); 2) не намерены менять место постоянного жительства ради работы; 3) основная трудовая мотивация состоит в повышении благосостояния семьи; 4) самостоятельность, самодеятельность, инициатива<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span>–<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span>основные трудовые качества отходника.</p><p class="_1Vvodka">В статье кратко рассмотрена пятивековая история российского отходничества и выделены основные причины отхода в имперский и современный периоды, а также факторы, стимулирующие или подавляющие отхожую активность провинциального населения. Представлены авторские оценки современной численности отходников и оценки других исследователей, позволившие описать вековую динамику численности. Даны оценки структуры отходничества по видам занятости с 1990-х годов до последнего времени. Описана эволюция современного отходничества, особенностями которой являются динамизм, изменчивость и экспансия. Автор имеет основания полагать, что отходники<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span>–<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span>авангард пресловутого «нового опасного класса<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span>–<span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span>прекариата» в современной России.</p>

НАЗВАНИЯ ВОДОПЛАВАЮЩИХ И ОКОЛОВОДНЫХ ПТИЦ В ХАКАССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

For the first time the article examines lexical units nominating natatorial and semiaquatic birds in the Khakass language and its dialects. The research material includes 76 lexical units represented in the existing bilingual dictionaries, popular scientific literature and fiction. The researcher’s attention is focused on lexical units nominating birds residing in Khakassia. The paper provides the structural and word formative analysis of these lexical units, identifies the basic motivation features in the process of nomination. The author identifies 6 lexemes tracing their origin to the Turkic pra-form ( турна - *durnja 'crane', хуу - *kogy 'swan', öртек - *еbὕrdek 'duck', хас - *ga:s 'goose', хорды - *kordaj 'heron', аат - *aηyt 'different types of wild ducks: long-tailed duck, scaup duck, roody sheld duck, scoter') and 12 lexemes that are absent in bilingual dictionaries of the Khakass language.

Türk Mutfağındaki Fonksiyonel Gıdaların Gastronomi Turizmi Açısından Önemi

Nutrition is not only the primary need for the survival of people, also one of the basic motivations. Nutrition has become a travel goal in an attempt to taste a new dish or to experience different tastes and flavors. The desire of this experience is a factor that contributes to development of tourism sector as a part of gastronomy tourism and stimulates the touristic activities. New world circumstances have made people more aware of the necessity of a healthy diet to live a healthy life. The increasing interest towards healthy foods increased awareness about functionality of foods and make it necessary to develop new activity plans in the service industry. The present review was introduced some functional foods in Turkish cuisine and emphasized their contributions to tourism industry. In this study, literature review is done and a review is prepared. As a result of the literature review, the most common problem is the deficiencies in the promotion of products and marketing activities. These problems in the promotion of local foods prevent functional foods from becoming prominent in the region and adversely affect the recognition and spread of some foods.

Refining Healthcare in Terms of Diabetic Care: Future Area of Scope for Artificial Intelligence

Recently, the entire world is facing another noncommunicable disease known as Diabetics. Basic reasons behind this disease is not unique , but certainly may be due to an increase in economic burden, less activity, change in lifestyle, improper food intake and increase in the level of stress. This disease has its effects all over the ages in the world from child to old age people. Hence its treatment is a big challenge to the social and economic growth of every nation. Plenty of research is undergoing in this area to improve health care which requires certain modifications and validations by clinical trials. Advancement in artificial intelligence is able to provide unique solutions in the future. The basic motivation behind this paper is to study the entire innovation taking place in recent years in the area of diabetic prevention and detection. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose level by invasive and non-invasive sensor technology, diet monitoring system, activity monitoring, intelligent foot and artificial pancreas for diabetics is the major focus of this study. Also, these studies focus on complete medical healthcare solution by using artificial intelligence. This study will surely help to identify future scope in the area of diabetic and its prevention models which can act as a future of diabetic health care

Transformations of body image associated with impaired perception

The article presents a theoretical generalization and empirical study of the reasons of occurrence are revealed in the article and the diagnostic markers of disturbances of perception of physical I in early adolescence are described, the expediency of organization of psychological and pedagogical influence on correction of body image as a factor of optimization of self-image of girls of 15-18 years to the image of physical self is emphasized; described a program of social and psychological training aimed at changing the attitude of girls to their health by updating the subjective importance of the functional component of the image of the physical self; an experimental and diagnostic study of indicators of the effectiveness of the program of psychological development and correction of body image in young adolescents is shown.
 The image of the physical I am tightly connected with self-esteem, as the cognitive component is not perceived by the person indifferent, but awakens in her the assessments and emotions, the intensity of which depends on the context and the cognitive content itself. Global self-expression, which symbolizes the individual's feelings for or against, has a macrostructure that contains four emotional components and two subsystems: the self-esteem system and the emotional-value system. Self-esteem develops on the basis of leading activity, hierarchy of values, basic motives, social ideas, stereotypes, standards, norms of behavior in relation to which a person conceives his / her self and creates personal meanings.
 The structure of self-esteem can be expressed as follows: First, there is some generalized self-esteem (self-esteem, self-esteem), which is a holistic, one-dimensional and universal formation, which expresses the degree of positive attitude of the individual to his own imagination of the image of "I"; second, this generalized self-integration is in some way integrated with partial self-esteem according to their subjective significance.

Teachers’ Self-Assessment of Their Teaching Effectiveness at Higher Secondary Level in Pakistan: A Case Study

Self-assessment is a process of continuous reflection, self-monitoring, and selfjudgment, to review an individual’s strengths and weaknesses and helps to discover areas which need improvement. It involves an individual’s learning from his experiences, by judging his personal, educational as well as his professional performance. Selfassessment enables teachers to get control over their progress. It can serve as one of the most influential tools for the measurement of teacher quality. The researcher of this study administered a questionnaire which consisted of two parts. Part one comprised of SITE II (Self-assessment Instrument for Teacher Evaluation II) on which teachers rated themselves, and part two was designed to explore teachers’ opinion about the effectiveness of self-assessment. The sample comprised of 107 teachers of higher secondary level. The basic motive of the researcher was to enhance learning through self-assessment to know if such self-assessment exercises may promote quality teaching in classrooms. It was found that the respondents viewed that self-assessment helps them understand their strengths and weaknesses. It establishes teachers’ involvement in self-learning, which can serve as a sound basis in the teaching process. By doing self-assessment, teachers can re-consider as to how they are teaching in their classrooms.

Numerical Simulation and Mathematical Modeling of Electro-Osmotic Couette–Poiseuille Flow of MHD Power-Law Nanofluid with Entropy Generation

The basic motivation of this investigation is to develop an innovative mathematical model for electro-osmotic flow of Couette–Poiseuille nanofluids. The power-law model is treated as the base fluid suspended with nano-sized particles of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The uniform speed of the upper wall in the axial path generates flow, whereas the lower wall is kept fixed. An analytic solution for nonlinear flow dynamics is obtained. The ramifications of entropy generation, magnetic field, and a constant pressure gradient are appraised. Moreover, the physical features of most noteworthy substantial factors such as the electro-osmotic parameter, magnetic parameter, power law fluid parameter, skin friction, Nusselt number, Brinkman number, volume fraction, and concentration are adequately delineated through various graphs and tables. The convergence analysis of the obtained solutions has been discussed explicitly. Recurrence formulae in each case are also presented.

Design of Mobile Robot Control Infrastructure Based on Decision Trees and Adaptive Potential Area Methods

There have been a great number of studies in the scope of mobile robot systems. The most critical tasks in these systems are control and path planning. The main goal of the control task is to develop a stable control system. On the other hand, the basic motivation in the path planning task is to find a safe path with an acceptable cost. In most researches, a moving robot is considered as a point mass object and only the simulation experiments are applied. In this study, a decision tree-based mobile robot control has been developed for a static indoor environment hosting obstacle(s). The camera has been hung vertically (eye-out-device configuration) to obtain the configuration area map and track the wheeled mobile robot (WMR). A suitable path plan has been extracted with the adaptive artificial potential field (APF) method on the image obtained from the camera. Virtual distance sensors are used to calculate the potentials for APF. A decision tree-based controller has been developed to model the motion characteristics of the robot. A trigonometry-based approach is used to calculate the controller inputs. The controller has steered the WMR on the path in real time. Both simulation and real-world experiments have been conducted on a WMR in different configuration spaces. It has been determined that the designed system is convenient for controlling the WMR. The data obtained are compared to show the difference between the desired and actual path planning results. The efficiency of the controller method has been greatly improved by using dynamic parameters in the control modules.

Artificial intelligence-based multi-objective optimization protocol for protein structure refinement.

Protein structure refinement is an important step of protein structure prediction. Existing approaches have generally used a single scoring function combined with Monte Carlo method or Molecular Dynamics algorithm. The one-dimension optimization of a single energy function may take the structure too far away without a constraint. The basic motivation of our study is to reduce the bias problem caused by minimizing only a single energy function due to the very diversity of different protein structures. We report a new Artificial Intelligence-based protein structure Refinement method called AIR. Its fundamental idea is to use multiple energy functions as multi-objectives in an effort to correct the potential inaccuracy from a single function. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm-based structure refinement is designed, where each structure is considered as a particle in the protocol. With the refinement iterations, the particles move around. The quality of particles in each iteration is evaluated by three energy functions, and the non-dominated particles are put into a set called Pareto set. After enough iteration times, particles from the Pareto set are screened and part of the top solutions are outputted as the final refined structures. The multi-objective energy function optimization strategy designed in the AIR protocol provides a different constraint view of the structure, by extending the one-dimension optimization to a new three-dimension space optimization driven by the multi-objective particle swarm optimization engine. Experimental results on CASP11, CASP12 refinement targets and blind tests in CASP 13 turn to be promising. The AIR is available online at: www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/AIR/. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

An exploratory investigation of ‘depression-like’ behaviours in a model of left-sided distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in young, male C57B6 mice

Background:Stroke is a devastating neurological injury, which can result in significant cognitive and behavioural deficits. Modelling the disease processes associated with stroke in animals is key to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. However, some aspects of stroke pathophysiology, including neuropsychiatric symptoms, do not translate well from humans to animals. Here, we aimed to investigate the development of post-stroke depression in a rodent model of stroke.Methods:The distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) was permanently occluded by electrocoagulation in adult male C57/Bl6/J mice. Animals were allowed to survive for 6 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 5 days or 7 days prior to behavioural testing. Brains were taken to confirm lesion volumes at the above times. Behavioural tests studied basic exploration and motivation (open field and marble burying) as well as depression-like behaviours (tail suspension and sucrose preference).Results:Animals developed robust and reproducible lesions in the cortex but whilst stroke reduced activity in the open field, animals showed no associated behavioural deficits in any of the tests used for depression-like behaviours.Conclusions:The distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model results in a small cortical lesion which produces no depression-like behaviours. These negative data are important for those wishing to investigate the more cognitive and behavioural aspects of stroke.

Applying the Personal and Social Responsibility Model-Based Program: Differences According to Gender between Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation, Life Satisfaction and Intention to be Physically Active.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of a program based on the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) on the variables of responsibility, basic psychology needs, motivation, satisfaction with life and the intention to be physically active, as well as the differences of gender. The participants were 85 students (experimental group n = 35, 17 girls and control group n = 50, 28 girls). The students of the experimental group received the TPSR for 8 months within the physical education subject. The findings indicated an improvement in the experimental group in terms of personal responsibility and in the case of female students, in basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation. In conclusion, the TPSR program can be integrated into the physical education curriculum in order to improve the personal responsibility of students and fulfill their motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs.

Young people and banking products and services in Poland: fundamental aspects

Motivation: This paper is devoted to the issue of using banking products and services by young people, i.e. children under the age of 13, youths from 13 to 17 years of age and young adults from 18 to 25 years of age. Considering the current fast digitalization in banking as well as increased competition on the financial market, the group of young people naturally becomes an object of interest to banks. Aim: The work is aimed at characterising young people as the clients of banks. In particular the aim of the study is to identify the motives, terms and legal aspects of servicing young people by banks as well as to characterize reasons and frequency of using banking products and services by young people. To deepen the knowledge in scope of functioning of children youths and young adults on the market of banking products and services, the authors of this study have taken to carry out research through literature studies, legal regulations analysis and obtaining opinions of young people in the survey. Results: The basic motivation for servicing children, young people and young adults is linking a young client with a bank for a long period of time. Educational and social motives also exist. According to the research the majority of young people in Poland uses bank products and services. Such people start using banking offers mostly when they became adult and the share of users changes with the age, place of residence, formal education level and level of subjective financial knowledge. Young people decide to use bank products and services because of the need. They use banking products and services every day or several times per week.

СТИЛИЗАЦИЯ ИЛИ ПОДРАЖАНИЕ? (ПОЛЕМИКА В. В. НАБОКОВА С КРИТИКАМИ «ГРОЗДИ» И «ГОРНЕГО ПУТИ»)

The article examines the basic themes and motives of the literary polemics of the 1920-1930s around V. V. Nabokov’s poetical collections “The Cluster” and “The Empyrean Path” considered in their evolutional development and as a single text. The paper identifies the place of these poetical collections in the writer’s creative work motivated by polemic tasks. The researcher analyses the genesis of charges of imitativeness against Nabokov as a poet, reveals the polemic subtext of many of his works, first of all, critical articles and the novel “The Gift”. Such an approach has allowed identifying Nabokov’s conscious orientation on stylization in his poems, disclosing the addressees of his ironic invectives.

ХАРБИНСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ В 1920-1976 ГГ.

The authors trace the formation and development of Harbin Institute of Technology in Manchuria in the period of 1920-1976. The paper reveals the basic motives for the active development of engineering higher school in Harbin. The source basis of the study includes all the issues of “Polytechnic” journal. New material on the theme is summarized; post-structuralism approaches are applied to study the national history. The authors examine certain aspects of intercultural communication between the Russians, Chinese and Japanese within the space of Harbin Institute of Technology.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on basic psychological need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in later life: Contributions of self-determination theory.

As the population ages, it is important to understand the factors that contribute to well-being in the elderly. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on well-being among elderly people conducted particularly within the framework of self-determination theory and, more precisely, to study the relationships among basic psychological need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being. Therefore, a systematic search of the literature was conducted using the databases PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Onefile, MEDLINE, Science Direct, and ERIC to find studies published in English and French. China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was used to find studies published in Chinese. Ultimately, 23 studies (mainly from the United States, Canada, and Europe; no studies published in China were found) in the field of aging were used for the systematic analysis, 17 of which were used for the meta-analysis. The results reported in these publications are relatively congruent with the idea that basic psychological need satisfaction and motivation (autonomous types) are positively associated with positive indicators of well-being (meaning in life, life satisfaction, positive affect, self-esteem, etc.) and negatively associated with negative indicators of well-being (depression, apathy, etc.).

Inexorable transformation in healthcare-seeking behaviour: a paradigm of choice

PurposeHealthcare is traditionally considered an indispensable service in both personal and social points of views. In this regard, healthcare-seeking behaviour is driven by utilitarian orientation, given its existential value. But this trend is changing, as the propensity to avail (un)necessary healthcare services is burgeoning with changing lifestyle and practices. From the supply point of view, the market appears to be relentless in enforcing propensity to seek healthcare. The service providers, generally, create unnecessary needs and aspirations, taking undue advantage of the prospects’ over-conscious health concerns and overzealous longing for wellness. This study aims to find whether utilitarianism or hedonism is the prominent paradigm of healthcare-seeking behaviour in the onset of changing preferences and lifestyles and supply-driven market forces.Design/methodology/approachThe study followed an empirical approach to accomplish the aim of research. Subjects for the study constitute sample respondents in the age of 18-60 years, who were identified on inspection. A structured questionnaire, drawn upon literature, was used to elicit information.FindingsThe study offered new insight into the basic psychological motive for healthcare-seeking. The results have empirically validated the pre-eminence of a hedonic attribute of consumer behaviour in healthcare-seeking.Practical implicationsThe outcome of the study has implications for healthcare providers to tailor-make their future products and services and for governing bodies to design suitable policy guidelines.Originality/valueThe study explores the emerging trends in health-seeking behaviour.