Basic Mode Research Articles

Electricity Retailer Trading Portfolio Optimization Considering Risk Assessment in Chinese Electricity Market

The Chinese electricity market underwent a significant reform in 2015 resulting in its complete liberalization on the sell-side. Electricity retailers now seeking to adapt to the electricity market are focused on trading portfolio optimization based on risk assessment, which can be performed by classifying and combining possible electricity purchases and sales on mid-long-term and spot markets. The scenario method is used in this study to simulate random risk variables (the real-time price and user demand), then a comprehensive decision-making/risk assessment model for electricity trading portfolio optimization is established with the goal of profit maximization. The conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) serves as the risk assessment index for electricity purchases and sales. Four combinations of electricity trading modes are assessed as a case study. The most basic trading mode is significantly affected by the risk aversion factor in regards to purchases scale and expected profit, which validates the proposed model. The time-of-use (TOU) price and real-time price guaranteeing the bottom and top price as a transaction mode are found to affect the scale of electricity purchases and the expected profit of the electricity retailer. Proportional distribution plans for three respective retail transactions are determined according to electricity retailers’ different attitudes toward risk.

The Preliminary Study of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Calcareous Nannofossil in Klias Peninsula, Sabah

Klias Peninsula comprises of five different lithostratigraphic units which are, Temburong, West Crocker, Setap Shale, Belait, and Liang formations. The study area is one of the onshore outcrops of the western side of Sabah mainland which contributed to the high potential of hydrogen exploration within the Temburong Formation. There is still a lack of calcareous nannofossils study in terms of academic purposes, hence a systematic preliminary research study had been conducted to find the taxonomic diversity of the calcareous nannofossils within the age of late Oligocene to early Miocene. This study aims to identify the taxonomy classification of the calcareous nannofossil based on the morphology features. Coccosphere has been distinguished by two different taxonomic classifications of coccoliths and nannoliths. Coccoliths are the most discussed for their morphology and classified into two basic mode holococcoliths and heterococcoliths. Nannolith morphology feature is complex and classified as a heterogeneous group. Thirty-four samples from Kuala Penyu to Menumbok areas of Sabah were collected. A simple smear method used to prepare all the samples. Light microscope (LM) observations used to identify the taxonomy and calcareous nannofossil classification aided by plane-polarized (PPL) and cross-polarized (XPL) nicols with 800x magnification. Apart from that, there were diverse taxa that had been discovered such as, Braararudosphaera bigelowii, Discoaster deflandrei, Cyclicargolithus abisectus, Cyclicargolithus bukryi, Coccolithus pelagicus, Thoracosphaera saxea, Alisphaera sp. and Reticulofenestra bisecta.

A Novel Adaptive E-learning System Design for Research-based Curriculum

Adaptive Learning Systems are mainly aimed at basic subjects recent years. Their main functions are to locate learners' weak knowledge and recommend learning paths. The systems can not apply to the learning mode of research-based curriculum in terms of basic theory, function design, operation mechanism or learning mode. This paper presents an intelligent kernel of adaptive learning system for research-based curriculum, and designs an intelligent Massive Open Online Research System (MOORS). The results indicate that MOORS can self-adaptively push learning resources and tasks, reduce teachers' repetitive working, let teachers guide students' research with more time and energy. In conclusion, MOORS can effectively promote the opening rate of research-oriented courses, promote the improvement of students' research level, which plays an significance role in the cultivation of innovative talents in the long run.

Fracture initiation under pure shear revisited: Remarks on the mode II fracture in quasi-brittle materials

Mode II fracture, as one basic fracture mode, remains an interesting topic in fracture mechanics. However, its realization is a challenge in the laboratory, especially for quasi-brittle materials. In this study, two types of specimens were tested: the angled edge crack semi-circular specimen under three-point bending (SCB) and double edge notched compression (DENC) specimen. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure the displacements surrounding the notch tip, which helps to identify the fracture mode. Based on experimental results, this study (i) confirms that a pure shear stress condition is achieved at the notch tip before the fracture initiation; (ii) shows that the initiated fractures are all mode I/opening fractures, not mode II/sliding fractures. More importantly, detailed experimental analyses demonstrate those mode I fractures are actually under the influence of shear load, but they are not the mixed-mode fractures. Experimental evidence is the observation of non-symmetric pattern of opening displacements. With the presence of a fracture process zone with a finite size, it is interesting to observe that shear load cannot produce a slip during fracture initiation, and only makes orthogonal displacements non-symmetric. The phenomenon represents a challenge to understand fracture initiation under large scale yielding.In this study a parameter η is introduced, i.e., the ratio of opening displacements along two fracture surfaces, to quantitatively evaluate the influence of shear load. Although parameter η does not present actual value of shear load, its value change indicates the change of shear load such that fundamental information about shear influence can be obtained. The study shows two different tendencies of parameter η change during fracture initiation, which indicates the consequences of the SCB and DENC specimens. After examination of various fracture criteria, DIC comparisons of experimental results reveal an interpretation: (i) for the SCB specimen, pure shear condition cannot be maintained once fracture initiates, which refers to the “weak” condition. This “weak” condition creates a fracture initiation following the criterion of local symmetry, because the parameter η changes from a finite value of larger than 1 to almost 1, suggesting local shear influence is gradually removed; (ii) for the DENC specimen, pure shear is maintained after fracture initiates, which refers to the “strong” condition. For the “strong” condition, parameter η increases from a finite value of larger than 1 to an infinite value, which suggests shear influence increases, such that it does not obey prediction from most current fracture criteria such as MTS criterion. In addition, fracture pattern from the “weak” condition is quite simple; but the “strong” condition can result in a structural response so that a complex fracture pattern may be created.

Seeking spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanism of atmospheric pollutant emissions from road transportation in china

As the most basic transportation mode, road transportation is a main contributor to atmospheric pollution. Different geographical locations and socioeconomic conditions intensify regional differences in atmospheric pollutant emissions (APEs). Understanding the spatial disparities and drivers of APEs from road transportation is crucial to China's national efforts in atmospheric pollution control. This study proposes an integrative research framework to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanism of regional APEs (CO, SO2, NOx and PM2.5) from road transportation in Chinese provincial regions. Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei and Zhejiang are the top five emitters. The kernel estimation analysis demonstrates that the gaps for CO and SO2 emissions across regions narrow and the overall emissions decrease, with the opposite conditions for NOx emissions. The spatial autocorrelation analysis verifies a positive spatial aggregation effect, with high-high aggregation in the east and low-low aggregation in the northwest. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and population are the promotive factors to emissions. The effect of APEs from unit vehicle is inhibitive, with strengthening effect on NOx and PM2.5 emissions but weakening effect on CO and SO2 emissions. The effects of intensity of vehicle use and development level of road transportation are opposite. More developed regions are greatly influenced by intensity of vehicle use, development level of road transportation and GDP per capita. Both the methods and results of this study can provide better decision-making support for national and regional APEs control policies targeting transportation sector.

Asymptotic Solution of a Boundary Value Problem for a Spring\u2013Mass Model of Legged Locomotion

Running is the basic mode of fast locomotion for legged animals. One of the most successful mathematical descriptions of this gait is the so-called spring–mass model constructed upon an inverted elastic pendulum. In the description of the grounded phase of the step, an interesting boundary value problem arises where one has to determine the leg stiffness. In this paper, we find asymptotic expansions of the stiffness. These are conducted perturbatively: once with respect to small angles of attack, and once for large velocities. Our findings are in agreement with previous results and numerical simulations. In particular, we show that the leg stiffness is inversely proportional to the square of the attack angle for its small values, and proportional to the velocity for large speeds. We give exact asymptotic formulas to several orders and conclude the paper with a numerical verification.

JA:2021-24. Telling the Story – Using Storytelling to Disseminate Agricultural Safety and Health Messaging

ABSTRACT Purpose: Narrative is perhaps the most basic mode of human interaction and a fundamental way of delivering knowledge. Narratives influence attitudes and change behaviors. NIOSH-funded agricultural safety and health centers including the Great Plains Center for Agricultural Health (GPCAH), the Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center (UMASH), the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH), and the National Farm Medicine Center are collaborating on a translation activity to convey the story of agricultural safety. While statistics and numbers are important to identify injury trends and emerging issues related to workplace health and safety, the Telling the Story Project (TTS) takes a closer look, creating injury prevention messages that highlight personal stories based on first-hand experiences. Methods: Research indicates that farmers are more open to safety messages after reading about a traumatic farm incident, and farmers generally consider other farmers and agricultural publications to be trusted sources of information. Telling the Story Project provides a platform for agricultural workers, and those impacted by fatal and non-fatal agricultural workplace injuries (workers, family, and community members), to share their stories. Told in their own words, these experiences teach about what went wrong and how to prevent or avoid similar incidents. Results: A website was created and serves as a platform for the personal narratives www.tellingthestoryproject.org. A monthly rural radio program has emerged from this project as another means to deliver this content effectively. Links to safety and health information provide resources for those visiting the website. Evaluation of stakeholder impact is ongoing. Practical Application: To further the reach of these stories, teachers’ guides have been created as additions to the curriculum for FFA and agricultural safety instructors.

Everyday Surveillance, Goffman, and Unfocused Interaction

It is often said that surveillance has massively transformed our social lives (Lyon, Haggerty, and Ball 2012: 1), but this claim is weakened by the admission that its “effects are difficult to isolate or observe, as they are embedded within many normal aspects of daily life.” Picking up this analytic challenge, this paper investigates the everyday interactional practice and experience of being surveilled. To do so, it draws on Goffman’s account of the interaction order, dwelling closely on unfocused interaction in which people maintain a side-of-the-eye, half-an-ear awareness of the people, objects, and events in the space around them. After introducing key concepts from Goffman, the paper discusses three scenes of surveillance: a woman walking down a city street, two men putting up street stickers (a civil offence), and passengers being scanned at an airport (Pütz 2012). It shows how different senses of potential threat and illegality enter the experience of surveillance, and it builds a rudimentary model. This paper considers only a tiny fraction of contemporary surveillance, but it shows Goffman’s value as an analytic resource that can hold large-scale generalisations about the surveillance society to account, allowing us to see agentive responses to surveillance that are too subtle to be captured by notions like subversion and resistance. Indeed, Goffman corroborates Green and Zurawski’s (2015) suggestion that surveillance is a basic mode of the social, elaborated in different ways in different environments.

Application of Intelligent Laser 3d Visualization Technology in Mobile Terminal (Mobile APP)

Nowadays with the rapid development of mobile terminal, mobile terminal almost completely replaced the various network of our traditional basic life mode, all kinds of network application, people no longer simply need to appreciate the music, games, film and television network, but more needs to be involved in information exchange and sharing all kinds of social activities. The research of 3d image visualization technology is a comprehensive advanced technology which focuses on computer image data processing and image information display. The research purpose of this paper is mainly to provide better Suggestions for the continuous optimization of 3d image visualization technology through the research and application of intelligent laser 3d image visualization technology in mobile APP. This paper mainly analyzes the development of 3d visualization technology in the main application fields and the current status of operation and maintenance system management technology of mobile terminal APP products, and visualizes the product operation and management status of various popular mobile apps on the mobile Internet in 3d. Then, from the current mobile online music APP the application domain of a system verification, the results succeeded in statistical analysis and filter the background user 3 d data volume, its operational efficiency than the daily operational efficiency increased by 30%, background proved that using 3 d data visualization technology can effectively improve the working efficiency of the system and the background, thus effectively improving the efficiency of background management.

Translation: Expert Consensus on the Application of Artificial Liver Blood Purification System in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19

The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 nationwide has entered a tackling phase. Effective treatment of severe and critically ill patients is the key to reducing the fatality of the disease. The artificial liver blood purification system can remove inflammatory factors, alleviate the damage of the inflammatory response to the body, and has important value for the treatment of severe COVID-19. Led by Academician Lanjuan Li, based on the experience of treating patients across the country, integrating the opinions of experts from all over the country, the center summarized and formulated the consensus including the basic principles, treatment indications, relative contraindications, mode selection, monitoring indicators, and efficacy evaluation of artificial liver, which provides reference for treatment of severe COVID-19 patients.

A numerical study on mechanical behavior of jointed rock masses after tunnel excavation

The tunnel in jointed rock masses is prone to be overbroken and then gives rise to collapse, yet the failure modes of jointed rock masses are still poorly understood. This paper investigates anisotropic deformations and failure modes of tunnels in jointed rock masses. For this purpose, five series of numerical models are modeled for a severe tunnel overbreak occurring on the Panlongshan tunnel. The ubiquitous joint model is used to consider the shearing and tensioning effects of the bedding and joint structures. The factors affecting anisotropic deformation and failure of rock masses, such as bedding spacing (s), joint dip angles (θ), and joint spacing (d), are discussed. The results demonstrate that for the stratified rock masses (without joint), the maximum settlement around the tunnel is located at the roof, and the separation of “virtual blocks” along the bedding planes is a basic failure mode; for stratified rock masses containing joints, the maximum deformation surrounding the tunnel appears in the joint position, and failure happens through a combined rotation, sliding, and falling mechanism. Our study can also reveal that with the increase of the number of joints, the plastic zone at the joint positions has a developing tendency towards the deep part. The more complex the joint structures in jointed rock masses are, the more unstable rock masses are formed.

Analogical Methods in Legal Informatics

The law occurs in a dual mode: a basic mode and an expert mode. In the basic mode, people predominantly experience the law in a situational and not a textual way. The people on the street move according to the consuetudinary law. In the expert mode, the law goes up textually to the professional lawyer. It becomes mostly about argumentation in professional language rather than natural language. Digitalisation encompasses both these modes. The extent to which digitalisation is visible is another issue. We argue that analogical thinking continues to be important in law and that this must be considered in legal informatics.

Evidence for Overlapping and Distinct Biological Activities and Transcriptional Targets Triggered by Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2b Signaling between Mid- and Early Pseudoglandular Stages of Mouse Lung Development.

Branching morphogenesis is the basic developmental mode common to organs such as the lungs that undergo a process of ramification from a rudimentary tree. However, the precise molecular and cellular bases underlying the formation of branching organs are still unclear. As inactivation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b) signaling during early development leads to lung agenesis, thereby preventing the analysis of this pathway at later developmental stages, we used transgenic mice to induce expression of a soluble form of Fgfr2b to inactivate Fgfr2b ligands at embryonic day (E) 14.5, corresponding to the mid-pseudoglandular stage of lung development. We identified an Fgfr2b signaling signature comprised of 46 genes enriched in the epithelium, some of which were common to, but most of them distinct from, the previously identified Fgfr2b signaling signature at E12.5. Our results indicate that Fgfr2b signaling at E14.5 controls mostly proliferation and alveolar type 2 cell (AT2) differentiation. In addition, inhibition of Fgfr2b signaling at E14.5 leads to morphological and cellular impairment at E18.5, with defective alveolar lineage formation. Further studies will have to be conducted to elucidate the role of Fgfr2b signaling at successive stages (canalicular/saccular/alveolar) of lung development as well as during homeostasis and regeneration and repair after injury.

Making Meaning Together: Embodied Narratives in a Case of Severe Autism

Shared understanding is generated between individuals before speech through a language of body movement and non-verbal vocalisation, expression of feeling and interest made in gestures of movement and voice. Human understanding is co-created in these embodied projects, displayed in serially organised expressions with shared timing of reciprocal actions between partners. These develop in narrative events that build over cycles of reciprocal expressive action in a four-part structure shared by all the time-based arts: “introduction,” “development,” “climax,” and “conclusion.” Pre-linguistic narrative establishes the foundation of later, linguistic intelligence. Yet, participating in social interactions that give rise to narrative development is a central problem of autism spectrum disorder. In this paper, we examine the rapid growth of narrative meaning-making between a non-verbal young woman with severe autism and her new therapist. Episodes of embodied, shared understanding were enabled through a basic therapeutic mode of reciprocal, creative mirroring of expressive gesture. These developed through reciprocal cycles and as the relationship progressed, complete co-created narratives were formed resulting in shared joy and the mutual interest and trust of companionship. These small, embodied stories enabled moments of co-regulated arousal that the young woman had previous difficulty with. These data provide evidence for an intact capacity for non-verbal narrative meaning-making in autism.

Land use characteristics of Xi'an residential blocks based on pedestrian traffic system

As the most basic travel mode of residents, walking trip takes place more frequently in residential districts. It is of great significance to study the land use characteristics of the residential district suitable for walking in order to create a good walking environment and land use model. In this paper, 18 residential blocks in Xi'an are taken as the research object, based on the relevant data of the pedestrian flow rate and land use of residential blocks, this paper analyzes the interactive relationship between the non-commuting hours during the week, the commuting hours during the week and the weekends by using the multiple linear regression model, and the land use characteristics of residential blocks under the guidance of walking trip are revealed. The results show that the land use factors related to pedestrian flow rate are mainly 9 factors, such as building density, buildings mixing degree, mixing degree of business functions and density of functional formats. In different hours, walking trips have different demands on various elements of land use. During the non-commuting hours during the week, the demand for walking trips for building density, mixing degree of business functions, density of functional formats and footpath area ratio is large. During the commuting hours during the week, the demand for walking trips for buildings mixing degree, density of functional formats, road network connectivity, and green area ratio of footpath is large. During the weekends, the demand for building density, density of functional formats, road network density, and footpath density is large. Through the above analysis, the optimization strategy is proposed for residential blocks in Xi 'an, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization and transformation of the space environment of residential blocks to promote walking trip.

Prospects for the Use of Hollow Electrodes for Deep Desulfurization of Steel in the Ladle-Furnace Unit

The article discusses the possibilities of intensifying the process of desulfurization of molten steel in the process of after-furnace treatment of molten steel in the ladle-kiln unit. As one of the techniques, it was proposed to heat the melt with the help of hollow electrodes with argon feed during the operation of the electric arc plant. Comparative thermal balances of the installation in the basic and experimental versions and on the basis of the proposed mathematical model for calculating the mass-average temperature of the melt are given, and graphs of temperature changes during processing are plotted. To assess the efficiency of the desulfurization process, arrays of heats were processed in the basic and experimental mode and original three-parameter graphs were built, allowing to estimate the degree of desulfurization in both modes as a function of processing parameters.

Abstracts of the 29th Annual Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) Meeting April 29 to May 3, 2020

Abstracts of the 29th Annual Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) Meeting April 29 to May 3, 2020

Numerical Analysis of Entropy Production during Hydrogen-Air Burner Combustion Process

Entropy production during hydrogen-air diffusion in the combustion chamber (СС) was studied. A two-dimensional axisymmetric combustion chamber is considered in this paper. The numerical simulation of combustion has been done by Fluent software. The entropy production per unit volume for heat conduction and convection, mass diffusion, viscous dissipation, and the chemical reaction was calculated by user-defined function (UDF) post-processing, while the entropy production for heat transfer radiation was determined by post-processing with the help of calculated data of temperature. The results reveal that the radiation entropy production cannot be omitted when second law analysis of thermodynamic is adopted in high-temperature conditions such as boilers, heat exchangers, furnaces, etc; in these devices, thermal radiation is the basic mode of heat transfer. The effects of parameters such as Boltzmann number and Reynolds number on entropy production and entropy production number are analyzed. It is shown that the total entropy production number first decreases with the increase Reynolds and Boltzmann numbers; and then gradually increases. The results provide a theoretical reference for the improvement of thermodynamic efficiency for heat transfer and energy utilization.

Frequency characteristics of basic mode oscillation at liquid-liquid interface of electrowetting liquid lens

A few microliters of oil and aqueous solution with same density encapsulated in a cylinder forms a spherical interface. In this paper, the frequency characteristics of the basic oscillation mode at the liquid-liquid interface inside the electrowetting lens is obtained by using the light flux measurement. It is found that the intrinsic frequency of the basic oscillation mode at the liquid-liquid interface changes accordingly with the amplitude of applied voltage, while the displacement of the center of the interface decreases with the increase of frequency. This work provides guiding for optimizing driving of the electrowetting liquid lens and other related microfluidic devices, and is also helpful to the study of forced oscillation of capillary wave in a cylinder.

Estimating the system efficiency of the multifunctional hydrogen complex at nuclear power plants

The paper deals with the primary current frequency regulation in the energy system (ES) as well as the basic requirements for NPP power units (PUs) under the conditions of involvement into the primary regulation. According to these requirements, NPP operation is related to the unloading and corresponding decrease in efficiency. It has been shown in this connection that combining NPP with a hydrogen complex (HEC) allows excluding the inefficient unloading mode. This enables the steam turbine and reactor equipment to operate in the basic mode at nominal power level. Besides, the conditions for producing and storing hydrogen and oxygen during the day as well as additionally during the night-time of off-peak electrical load may be created, which allows using them for generating peak power.In the paper, the systemic economic benefit as a result of involving NPP combined with HEC into primary regulation of the current frequency in ES with allowance for expending resources for the main equipment has been estimated. In this regard, the paper gives grounds for cyclic loadings of HEC main equipment including metal tanks for storing hydrogen and oxygen, compressors, hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber (HOCC) for hydrogen-steam superheating of the actuating medium in the NPP steam turbine cycle. Methodological grounds for evaluating the equipment endurance under cyclic loading with involving into the primary frequency regulation by the criterion of the fatigue crack growth rate are described. It has been shown that in terms of HEC equipment, the highest load intensity occurs in HOCC due to high thermal stresses.Also, the systemic economic benefit has been estimated, and the impact of the equipment deterioration under conditions of cyclic loading has been demonstrated. It is shown that when combining NPP PUs with HEC, the efficiency of primary regulation may significantly depend on such factors as the cost of equipment exposed to cyclic loads, the frequency and intensity of cyclic loads, and the relation between the peak electricity tariff and the cost price of electric energy produced by NPP.It has been shown on the basis of novel methods for estimating the efficiency of involving NPP with HEC into the primary frequency regulation with allowance for damage to the equipment, that the use of HEC may provide a considerable economic benefit, as compared to the version of NPP unloading when involving directly into frequency regulation.