Basic Medium Research Articles

Direct compression of diclofenac sodium tablet using modified Musa paradisiaca pseudostem cellulose-corn starch polymer alloy

Background: Biomaterials exhibit different functional properties. The aim of this study is to formulate direct compressible diclofenac sodium tablet using modified pseudostem cellulose and starch complex. Methods: Cellulose was extracted from Musa paradisiaca pseudostem and modified using acid-hydrolysis and fermentation techniques. The modified cellulose was evaluated using FT-IR analysis. Avicel pH-101 was used as control cellulose. Micromeritic properties of the modified cellulose were evaluated using tapped consolidation technique. Co-milling heat technique was used to produce polymer-alloy of 21.7, 43.4 or 87.0% of modified cellulose and 78.3, 56.6, or 13.0% dried corn starch respectively. The dried starch or polymer-alloy was blended with diclofenac sodium, co-povidone and magnesium stearate to produce batches A - G. The blends were analyzed for Kawakita densification properties before being compressed to tablets. The physicochemical and drug-release properties of the tablets were evaluated. Results: Of the dried pseudostem mass, 52.01% and 48.04% of extracted and modified celluloses respectively were obtained. The FTIR study showed presence of cellulose in the pseudostem extract and no interaction between the cellulose and diclofenac sodium. The celluloses had Hausner’s ratios < 1.32 and Carr’s indices < 23.54%. The polymer-alloy blends showed Kawakita compressibility < 16.34 and compactibility > 489.30. The control tablets passed physicochemical properties tests. The test tablets had hardness > 12.34 KgF, disintegration time > 144.67 min, and released 7.64 - 77.59% drug in acidic to basic medium over 240 min. The result indicates that the pseudostem-cellulose was flow-able, and produced compactible polymer alloys and extended drug-release tablets. Conclusion: Direct compression of diclofenac sodium with Musa paradisiaca pseudostem cellulose-corn starch polymer-alloy produced compact tablets with extended drug release. Keywords: Acid-hydrolysis, co-milling, compressibility, drug release

Community Empowerment through Enhancement of Pule Payung Tourist Spot Potential in Soropati, Hargotirto, Kokap, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta

Abstract. This article presents a community service initiative focused on enhancing the potential of Pule Payung, a significant tourist destination in Indonesia, through community empowerment and the strategic use of information technology in tourism promotion. Recognizing the challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and limited understanding of sustainable tourism management, the program provided a series of training and workshops for the local community, including basic IT training, social media and digital platform workshops, TikTok training, and photography and videography training. A sustainable Information Technology Management Team was also formed as part of the service. These efforts were evaluated through continuous mentoring and feedback sessions to ensure their effectiveness. The initiative resulted in the creation of effective digital content for promoting Pule Payung, with the local community playing an active role. The service project showcases the potential of combining community empowerment and digital technology to augment tourism, yielding broader economic, social, and environmental benefits for local communities and the wider Indonesian society.

In vitro culture of nodal cuttings in kiwifruit

This study aimed to determine the effects of plant growth regulators and different medium on in vitro propagation of ˈHaywardˈ and ˈZespri Goldˈ kiwifruits. Micro-cuttings were used as explant sources and cultured in MS and WPM medium containing different concentrations of BA and GA3. Subcultures were carried out at intervals of 4-6 weeks. Contamination rate (%), blackening rate (%), callus development rate (%), shoot rate (%), and propagation coefficient (plantlet/explant) were determined. The micropropagation experiment was carried out according to the randomized plot design. The arc-sin transformation was applied to the percentage values before analysis. Significance levels of the means were compared with the LSD test. It was determined that 0.1% mercury chloride application increased the sterilization efficiency. As the BA concentration in the medium increased, the rate of callus formation of the explants increased. While there was no difference in shoot rates of explants cultured on MS and WPM medium, the propagation rate was higher in MS medium. The propagation coefficient of the ˈHaywardˈ kiwi cultivar was 3.08 in MS medium containing 1.0 mgL-1 BA + 0.5 mgL-1 GA3. MS medium can be recommended as a basic medium for in vitro kiwif propagation.

CuTe supported on graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite as an effective electrocatalyst for oxidation of water in basic media

For the purpose of using water electrolysis to yield hydrogen and to solve this issue of energy shortage, the highly active electrocatalysts for water (H2O) oxidation must be developed. For this purpose, the potential of copper-based nanomaterials electrocatalysts are completely investigated due to its good conductivity. In this study, we account the hydrothermal synthesis of novel hierarchical CuTe-gCN nanocomposite, and numerous characterization techniques are utilized to check the crystal structure, morphology, textual properties and oxidation states as well. On the other hand, the electrocatalytic performance and durability for OER in basic conditions are confirmed by different electrochemical testing. Furthermore, among all the CuTe-gCN nano-catalyst have exceptional electrocatalytic performance, like, a less overpotential around 277 mV, that is less than 312 and 326 mV for CuTe and gCN, respectively to get a current density (Cd) around 10 mAcm−2. On the other hand, it is also showing results almost similar to RuO2 having overpotential of 269 mV as well. In addition, the as prepared CuTe-gCN nanohybrid shows an impressively smaller Tafel value of 53 mVdec-1 to show the fast electron transfer process. Hence, the remarkable results are because of large surface area, accessible mesoporous structure, the remarkable electrical conductivity of gCN shows synergistic effect with CuTe was responsible for high catalytic performance, and may be useful for many other applications in future.

Enzyme production mechanism of anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. YF3 in yak rumen induced by different carbon source

In order to investigate the enzyme production mechanism of yak rumen-derived anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces sp. YF3 under the induction of different carbon sources, anaerobic culture tubes were used for in vitro fermentation. 8 g/L of glucose (Glu), filter paper (Flp) and avicel (Avi) were respectively added to 10 mL of basic culture medium as the sole carbon source. The activity of fiber-degrading enzyme and the concentration of volatile fatty acid in the fermentation liquid were detected, and the enzyme producing mechanism of Orpinomyces sp. YF3 was explored by transcriptomics. It was found that, in glucose-induced fermentation solution, the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, microcrystalline cellulase, filter paper enzyme, xylanase and the proportion of acetate were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the proportion of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The results of transcriptome analysis showed that there were 5 949 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the Glu group and the Flp group, 10 970 DEGs between the Glu group and the Avi group, and 6 057 DEGs between the Flp group and the Avi group. It was found that the DEGs associated with fiber degrading enzymes were significantly up-regulated in the Glu group. Gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis identified that DEGs were mainly associated with the xylan catabolic process, hemicellulose metabolic process, β-glucan metabolic process, cellulase activity, endo-1,4-β-xylanase activity, cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process, carbohydrate catabolic process, glucan catabolic process and carbohydrate metabolic process. Moreover, the differentially expressed pathways associated with fiber degrading enzymes enriched by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were mainly starch and sucrose metabolic pathways and other glycan degradation pathways. In conclusion, Orpinomyces sp. YF3 with glucose as carbon source substrate significantly increased the activity of cellulose degrading enzyme and the proportion of acetate, decreased the proportion of propionate, butyrate and isobutyrate. Furthermore, the degradation ability and energy utilization efficiency of fungus in the presence of glucose were improved by means of regulating the expression of cellulose degrading enzyme gene and participating in starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and other glycan degradation pathways, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of Orpinomyces sp. YF3 in practical production and facilitates the application of Orpinomyces sp. YF3 in the future.

An Inexpensive and Earth-Abundant Aluminium Based Single Atom Catalyst for Efficacious Oxygen Reduction Reaction

ABSTRACT Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the commercial success of environmentally benign energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal−air batteries [1-2]. Replacement of Pt-based and transition metal-based electrocatalysts with efficient non-precious ORR catalysts is quite challenging so for [3-5]. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) based on first-row transition metals like Fe, Co, Cr have already received significant attention for ORR [6]. In this hunt, we have developed the rarely explored P-block earth abundant aluminium-based efficient and cost-effective ORR single atom catalyst. Nitrogen-doped Aluminium-based single atom catalyst has been synthesised by pyrolyzing aluminium phthalocyanine (AlPc) with dicyandiamide (DCDA) which is the source of carbon and nitrogen at different temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy. For comparison, AlPc has been pyrolyzed at 1000 °C without the addition of DCDA. The catalysts are named Al-N-C/T (T = 700 °C - 1000 °C) depending on the pyrolysis temperature. AlPc/1000 showed poor ORR activity with low diffusion-limited current of 0.76 mA/cm2 (current measured at the potential of 0.3 V vs RHE). The insufficient catalytic activity of AlPc-1000 is due to the strong bonding of aluminium active centers with oxygenated group intermediate. But after the introduction of DCDA, the catalytic activity of Al-N-C/T (T = 700 °C - 1000 °C) has been improved significantly because N-bonded Al atoms have optimal bonding strength with intermediate oxygen species [7]. The coordination environment of Al-N-C plays an essential role in exhibiting excellent catalytic activity towards ORR. The Al-N-C/1000 catalyst exhibits the highest diffusion-limited current (4.49 mA/cm2) as compared to all other Al-N-C/T (T = 700, 800, and 900 °C) based catalysts, along with more positive Eonset (844 mV vs. RHE) and half-wave potential E1/2 (749 mV vs RHE) (Figure 1). Electrochemical calculation further ropes the Al-Nx sites as the origin of ORR via an efficient 4-electron transfer pathway in basic medium. Importantly, negligible reduction in current density after 9000 cycles in alkaline medium is far superior to the durability limit set by the US department of energy and overpasses the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst (Figure 1). This methodology can be applied to design a variety of other alkaline earth, P block effective electrocatalysts. The Al-N-C/1000 catalyst exhibits the highest diffusion-limited current as compared to all other Al-N-C/T (T = 700, 800, and 900 °C) based catalysts, along with more positive Eonset and half wave potential. Electrochemical calculation further ropes the Al-Nx sites as the origin of ORR via an efficient 4-electron transfer pathway in basic medium. Importantly, negligible reduction in current density after 9000 cycles in alkaline medium is far superior to the durability limit set by the US department of energy and overpasses the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. This methodology can be applied to design a variety of other alkaline earth, P block effective electrocatalysts. Keywords:ORR; Al-N-C electrocatalyst; SAC; P-block; Excellent stability

Catalytic degradation of rhodamine blue and bactericidal action of AgBr and chitosan-doped CuFe2O4 nanostrucutres evidential molecular docking analysis

The harmful cationic dyes present in industrial waste significantly decrease the effectiveness of remedy operations. Considering the horrendous impact of these dyes on the environment and biodiversity, silver bromide (AgBr) and chitosan (CS) doped copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanostructures (NSs) were prepared by the co-precipitation route. In this work, The surface characteristics of CuFe2O4 can be altered by CS, potentially enhancing its catalytic reaction compatibility. The functional groups in CS interact with the surface of CuFe2O4, influencing its catalytic behavior. AgBr can have an impact on the dynamics of charge carriers in the composite. Better charge separation and transfer which is essential for catalytic processes. The catalytic degradation of RhB was significantly enhanced (100 %) using 4 wt% of AgBr-doped CS-CuFe2O4 catalysts in a basic medium. The significant inhibitory zones (9.25 to 17.95 mm) inhibitory in maximum doses were seen against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). The bactericidal action of AgBr/CS-doped CuFe2O4 NSs against DNA gyraseS.aureus and tyrosyl-tRNAsynthetase S. aureus was rationalized using molecular docking studies, which supported their function as inhibitors.

Rational Design of Fe-Based Layered Double Hydroxide for Water Oxidation: Molecular and Cationic Engineering

Nowadays, in the field of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction, Fe-based LDHs stand out as one of the best oxygen evolution reactions (OER) electrocatalysts in alkaline conditions. In the attempt to improve the electrochemical performance of Fe-LDHs-based electrodes, many approaches have been reported.[1] Beyond these, interlayer space, Fe-clustering and covalent functionalization have been not explored, being the last two synthetic challenges within the field of LDHs.On the one hand, to explore the influence of interlayer space in the behaviour of Fe–LDHs as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst, we develop a family of NiFe-LDHs with the same metal composition, morphology, and dimensions and different alkyl sulfate to reach extreme ranges of basal spacing (from 8 to 32 Å). Increasing the basal space of the LDH results in a higher electrochemical surface area and a reduction of the resistance related to the chemisorption of oxygen leading to better kinetic behaviour. Indeed, the Tafel slope for the NiFe–LDHs with the highest basal space studied is similar to that obtained for exfoliated NiFe nanosheets and shows better stability as a consequence of the tridimensional robustness of the hybrid material.[2]On the other hand, to shed light on the influence of Fe-clustering on the OER performance, firstly, we have selected MgFe-based LDHs phases as model systems. By optimization of a hydrothermal method based on triethanolamine different Fe-clustering degree has been achieved, and thanks to the diamagnetic behaviour of Mg, a simple magnetic characterisation allows us to identify the Fe-clustering degree. Nevertheless, both samples behave identically in terms of OER performance when glassy carbon electrodes are used. Surprisingly, striking differences arise when the samples are tested on nickel foam. Specifically, the sample exhibiting the lower Fe-clustering behaves as a better electrocatalyst with a reduction of the overpotential values of more than 50 mV to reach 100 mA/cm2, as a consequence of a favoured surface transformation of MgFe-LDHs phases into more reactive oxyhydroxide NiFe-based ones during the electrochemical tests. [3] To extend our study to NiFe-LDH, we have successfully synthesized high-clustering nanometric NiFe-LDHs using a scalable synthesis approach. This synthetic protocol has allowed us to obtain a significantly higher concentration of approximately 100 g/L of our materials, which is almost two orders of magnitude larger than current state-of-the-art synthetic methods. Importantly, the Fe-clustering of this scale-up NiFe-LDH results in improved electrochemical performance compared to traditionally synthesized NiFe-LDH/FeOOH across various current density ranges and different electrochemical setups, including rotatory disk electrode (RDE) and Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (AEMWE), with testing conducted up to a current density of 3 A·cm-2. For instance, the overpotential at 2.5 A·cm-2 for the scale-up NiFe-LDHs is measured at 1.96 V, whereas the traditionally synthesized NiFe-LDH/FeOOH exhibit a higher overpotential of 2.18 V. [4]Last but not least, the covalent functionalization of LDHs has been explored to enhance their processability and stability as an electrocatalyst, for this, we develop for the first time the covalent functionalization of Fe-LDHs beyond silane-based molecules due to the reversible character of this bond in alkaline media. By a modified hydrothermal method from Kuroda et al. [5], the covalent functionalization of NiFe-LDHs with tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) was performed. The NiFe-Tris LDH were fully characterized to identify the structural differences with a bare LDH. At the same time, the stability of the covalent functionalization in basic media was proved. Interestingly, the Tris molecule anchored to LDHs increases the electrocatalytic stability in absence of binder material. Thus, after 40 hours of the OER, the overpotential increase is 37% lower in the NiFe@Tris than in the NiFe-Cl@bare. To check the origin of this overpotential decrease, ICP analysis of electrolytes pre-treated with acid after the stability test was performed. A reduction of 27% and 17% of Ni and Fe respectively is observed in the electrolyte for functionalized samples. Consequently, it is demonstrated that, regardless of the decomposition process (detachment or dissolution), the NiFe-LDH functionalized presents greater stability.[6]Overall, we demonstrated that the rational design of LDHs can enhance catalytic activity and stability for their use as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.

(Invited) Effects of Nano-Structure on the Kinetics of the Oxygen Reduction over N-Doped Carbon

Nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have great potential to substitute precious metal alloy catalysts for the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 based on a fuel cell setup. Consequently, obtaining a kinetic understanding of nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts in acidic media is essential. Our research group has established a mathematically and experimentally modified RRDE approach to calculate the corresponding kinetic rate constants, which significantly reduced the calculation noise by avoiding a rotation speed study. Furthermore, the overestimation of the 4-e reduction process, which is related to the (2+2)-e pathway (k 2 + k 3) in the catalyst layer matrix, was corrected by studying the effect of the catalyst loading density. The established method was successfully applied to the ORR over Fe/N/C and N/C catalysts in acidic and alkaline media (Table 1). The results indicate that Fe/N/C catalysts follow mixed reduction pathways of 4-e and 2-e reductions in acidic media, and a pure 4-e reduction pathway in alkaline media, whereas the N/C catalyst exhibits a pure 2-e reduction pathway in acidic media, and mixed reduction pathways of 4-e and 2-e reductions in basic media. Among the catalysts mentioned above, the N/C catalyst is the most promising for the electrochemical synthesis. To minimizing the effect of k 3, introducing mesoporous structure would be beneficial, because the H2O2 produced by k 2 can be smoothly eliminated without the further reduction to H2O by k 3 (Figure 1). In this context, we have synthesized a N-doped mesoporous carbon by pyrolyzing a N and C source in a mesoporous silica, KIT-6, as a hard-template. This synthesis resulted in a mesoporous carbon with a gyroid structure. The electrochemical study has revealed that this catalyst exhibits a quite high selectivity over 90 % to the 2-e reduction in acidic media. Figure 1

Hydrothermal carbonization of Calotropis procera leaves as a biomass: Preparation and characterization

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a biowaste treatment process and a promising technology for many applications. The use of Calotropis procera (CP), found in the Egyptian desert, as a biosource feedstock for the HTC process. In the present work, different process conditions were applied during the HTC process. The influence of temperature, time, and particle size was studied to produce hydrochar using CP leaves as biomass. The hydrochar samples were characterized by many analytical techniques. The temperature and time controlled the severity of the reaction; they caused a significant decrease in the yield (wt.%) and caused an increase in the carbon content of the hydrochar product, with a value of 57.03 % at 240 °C and a time of 180 min. Although time in this case has a more significant effect than temperature, a long reaction time influences the hydrochar yield. FTIR showed the formation on hydrochar with high content of lignin at high temperature and longtime. The O/C decrease with increase the temperature and time as evidence of decarboxylation reaction occurs and the reaction move toward carbonization and increase the HHV of hydrochar than raw biomass that recorded 40.2 MJ/Kg at 240 °C, time 180 min and biomass particle size 150 μm. The hydrochars produced under all condition have negative surface charge in wide range of pH and all have negative charge over pH 4–5 and most suitable pH value is between 6 and 7. The best conditions recorded were temperature 200–240 °C and reaction time 120–180 min at this conditions hydrochar has a stable negative charge in slightly acidic and basic media which let it able to use in applications of removing the cationic pollutants from wastewater, and the high heating value give opportunity to use in energy production applications.

Effectiveness of saline solutions in surgical interventions in newborns

BACKGROUND: In recent years, neonatal surgery has been developing and improving, among other things, because of a deeper study of anesthesiological approaches and the introduction of acquired knowledge into the daily practice of an anesthesiologist-resuscitator. One of the basic factors that influence treatment outcomes in the future is a thorough study of infusion therapy methods in newborns, considering the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the neonatal period.&#x0D; AIM: This study aimed to examine the electrolyte balance, acid–base state, and hemodynamic parameters in newborns, depending on the choice of basic infusion medium during surgery.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in 99 newborns. All children were given an infusion of saline solutions of 10 mL/kg/h during surgery. Groups I, II, and III were administered intraoperatively with isotonic Sterofundin, saline solution, and Ringer’s solution, respectively. A hypotonic sodium chloride solution of 0.45% was administered to 11 children. The indicators of the acid–base state and electrolyte composition of the venous blood, hemodynamic parameters, and need for perioperative inotropic support were evaluated.&#x0D; RESULTS: A tendency to hyponatremia was detected in children who were infused with 0.45% sodium chloride hypotonic solution, which resulted in the abandonment of further recruitment of children in the group and the implementation of this study option. After surgery, the pH-compensated state was maintained in all three groups. Moreover, metabolic disorders in the form of a decrease in bicarbonates and ВE were recorded in all groups. Electrolyte disturbances were detected in all groups, whereas electrolyte balance was most often registered in group I. In groups II and III, common ionogram findings included a decrease in potassium and an increase in sodium, chlorine, and calcium levels. In the analysis of the hemodynamic parameters, no significant statistical difference was recorded during surgery when comparing the groups infused with different saline media.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: In this study, no significant differences were found in the indicators of acid–base state and hemodynamic parameters when using different saline solutions as basic intraoperative infusion therapy in newborns. Regarding the electrolyte balance, the most common complications were hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and hyperchloremia in the 0% saline group.

Penggunaan Buku Al’arabiyyah Li Mahaarati Al-Kitaabah Fii Dhau’i . Annadzriyyati Albinaaiyyah Dalam Pembelajaran Maharah Al-Kitabah: Perspektif Media Pembelajaran

Learning media is one of the important roles that learning brings to the successful achievement of educational goals. Books are the most basic media of the learning process as visual media. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the book Al'Arabiyyah Limahaarati Alkitaabah Fii Dhau'I Annadzriyyat Albinaaiyyah as a learning medium on maharah al-kitabah of Arabic Language Education-2 students in the 2021 batch of North Sumatra State Islamic University. This research is qualitative with a field research approach as well as a literature study. The results of the study show that the at-tadriibaat or the exercises themselves have a connection between the nahwu sharaf material and the maharah al-kitabah. Where, students are given the habit of writing ideas or sentences in Arabic through writing amtsilah or examples, at-tadribat or exercises, and insya' or composing assignments given every week.

New α-keto acid-derived hydrazone ligands and their reaction with the {Re(CO)3}+

Two hydrazone ligands derived of phenylglyoxylic acid (HL1) and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HL2) were synthesized and their zwitterionic structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. The rhenium(I) complexes of formula [ReCl(HLn)(CO)3] were obtained by reaction of the ligands with [ReCl(CH3CN)2(CO)3]. The formation of the hydazonate complexes were also achieved. In the case of HL1 the trimetic complex [Re3(L1)3(CO)9] was isolated by using a basic medium. On the other hand, from storage of a solution of the [ReCl(HL2)(CO)3] complex, crystals of the [Re2(L2)2(CO)6] dimer could be obtained for their structural analysis by X-ray diffraction. The study of the crystalline structures is included. The coordination geometry around rhenium(I) can be described as octahedral with three carbon atoms in fac configuration. In all complexes a five-membered chelate ring is formed including two nitrogen atoms from the hydrazone chain and the pyridine group. In the mononuclear complexes the carboxylic group does not participates in the coordination but acts as a bridge to form the polynuclear compounds. The coordination mode of the ligands in all the complexes could be corroborated by comparative studies of the experimental and calculated (DFT) IR spectra.

Electrochemical investigations and antimicrobial activity of Au nanoparticles photodeposited on titania nanoparticles

Titanium oxide nanopowder (TiO2 NPs) was synthesized via anodization in 0.7 M perchloric acid then annealed in nitrogen at 450 °C for 3 h to prepared the Titanium Oxide Nitrogen annealed nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs-N2) powder as catalytic support. Using a photodeposition process, gold was added with isopropanol as a sacrificial donor and H[AuCl4] acid, producing gold nanoparticles on nitrogen-annealed titanium oxide nanoparticles (Au-NPs on TiO2-NPs-N2). The mass loading of Au NPs was 2.86 × 10−4 (g/cm2). TEM images of Au NPs on TiO2-NPs-N2 suggest circular particles with a tendency to agglomerate. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to investigate the electrocatalytic performance of the Au NPs/TiO2-NPs-N2 catalysts in ferrocyanide, KOH, and H2SO4, and the results were compared to those of a polycrystalline Au electrode that is readily accessible in the market. In KOH, H2SO4, and (2 M KOH + 0.1 M glycerol) solutions, the Au NPs/TiO2-NPs-N2 electrode displayed a startlingly high electrocatalytic performance. Using CV, the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Au NPs/TiO2-NPs-N2 and Au-NPs against glycerol oxidation in basic media was studied. The results indicated that Au NPs/TiO2-NPs-N2 is a promising support material for improving the electrocatalytic activity for acidic and basic oxidation. The electrode made of Au NPs/TiO2-NTs-N2 has steady electrocatalytic activity and may be reused repeatedly. TiO2 NPs and Au NPs/TiO2NPs-N2 showed satisfactory antibacterial activity against some human pathogenic bacteria using the disc diffusion method.

Outstanding Performance of Mg/g-C3N4-Doped Al2O3 Serving as a Nanocatalyst and Its Bactericidal Behavior: An In Silico Molecular Docking Study.

A coprecipitation approach was employed to synthesize aluminum oxide (Al2O3) with a fixed quantity of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and various concentrations of Mg (2 and 4 wt. %). The main objective of this research is to explore and enhance the dye degradation potential and antimicrobial efficacy of synthesized pristine and doped Al2O3 with molecular docking analysis. Al2O3 has potent mechanical, thermal, antimicrobial, phosphoric, optical, and electrical properties, but it leaches into water and has a high band gap and low refractive index. g-C3N4 was incorporated into Al2O3 to increase the degradation potency. The incorporation of Mg enhances the metal oxide characteristics and performance in catalysis. XRD patterns revealed the orthorhombic phase of Al2O3. The SAED pattern of Al2O3 and (2 and 4 wt %) Mg/g-C3N4-Al2O3 nanostructures (NSs) showed bright polycrystalline rings. UV-visible spectra showed the absorption of Al2O3 at 289 nm, and upon doping, a blue shift was accompanied. The EDS spectra indicated the existence of Al, O, Na, and Mg, thereby verifying the elemental composition of the pristine and doped samples. TEM images revealed the nanowires (NWs) of Al2O3. The NSs demonstrated outstanding catalytic performance for the remediation of RhB dye in a basic medium of around 97.36%. Mg/g-C3N4-Al2O3 (4 wt %) exhibited a notable augmentation in the inhibition zone, measuring 5.25 mm, when exposed to high-level doses against Staphylococcus aureus. In silico predictions have recently shed light on the underlying mystery of the bactericidal actions of these doped NSs against specific enzyme targets such as DNA gyraseS.aureus.

A New Method Development and Validation of 5α Reductase Inhibitor (Dutasteride) Using R-HPLC In Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form (Dexamethasone Use as An Internal Standard)

The proposed HPLC Method was found to be simple,precise,accurate and economicalfor the estimation of dutasteride in Bulk and tablet dosage form. The present work, developed HPLC method was found suitable and validated. Luna – C-18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 20 µL) column was used for the assay. Mobile phase was Acetonitrile and Water in the ratio 80:20. Linearity was established in the range of 5-100 µg/ml with a coefficient correlation of 0.9998 and eluents were monitored at 242 nm and at 1 ml/min. flow rate. The Retention time was found to be 5.9 min. The efficiency of the column, expressed as the number of theoretical plates for six replicate injections was 11566 ± 119.695 (%CV1.03%) and USP tailing factor was 1.25 ± 0.012 (%CV 0.79). The regression equation for the calibration plot was Y = 0.0618 X – 0.008. Intra-day precision from 0.166 to 1.449 and Inter-day precision from 0.186 to 1.449. The% recovery of dutasteride from API and dosage form were 100.70% and 99.66%. The drug was subjected to stress conditions such as Oxidative and Photodegradation, Considerable degradation was found to occure in acidic and basic medium on heating at 100°C but no degradation was observed at room temperature. The drug was exposed to 10% H2O2{heating at 100°C forming degradation product at RT: 2.557}. The LOD and LOQ was 0.257µg and 0.779 µg respectively.When the flow rate was reduced, the retention time of dutasteride increased.The assay result with analyst #1 and Analyst #2 were % Assay = 98.40% (%RSD = 0.13%) and % Assay = 99.07% (%RSD =0.53) respectively. Robustness and ruggednesswasobserved that results were well within acceptance limits of 98–102%, with %RSD ±2.0%, indicating the method is rugged and provides consistent and reliable results which are not affected by small changes in experimental conditions. This method can be used for routine analysis of dutasteride. Running Title: A New Method Development and Validation of 5α-Reductase inhibitor using R-HPLC.

Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn−air Batteries Derived from Ni‐modified Prussian Blue

AbstractThe rational design and exploration of efficient, low‐cost and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key to the development of rechargeable metal−air batteries. Here, we report a novel approach to in‐situ synthesize Fe0.64Ni0.36 nanoalloy encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanotubes (FeNi@N−CNTs) as bifunctional electrocatalyst derived from Ni‐modified Prussian blue, on which the ORR/OER can be promoted by the N−CNTs surface due to the electron modulation caused by electron transfer from the inner FeNi nanoalloy to the N−CNTs surface. The abundant wide‐size range of mesopores in N−CNTs can offer rapid mass transport channels to facilitate the catalytic reactions. In addition, the encapsulation structure endows the outer N−CNTs acting as a “shield” to prevent the inner FeNi nanoalloy from corrosion in strong basic medium. Thanks to the synergistic effect between the N−CNTs and FeNi nanoalloy, the obtained FeNi@N−CNTs exhibits excellent bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity together with outstanding performance and cycling durability in rechargeable Zn−air battery. This work will open new avenues for the development of advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts for other metal−air batteries.

Enhancing Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation of NiFe-LDH Nanosheets via Bismuth-Induced Electronic Structure Engineering.

The design and synthesis of high-efficiency electrocatalysts are of great practical significance in electrocatalytic water splitting, specifically in accelerating the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a self-supported bismuth-doped NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet array for water splitting was successfully constructed on nickel foam by a one-step hydrothermal strategy. Benefiting from the abundant active sites of two-dimensional nanosheets and electronic effect of Bi-doped NiFe LDH, the optimal Bi0.2NiFe LDH electrocatalyst exhibits excellent OER performance in basic media. It only requires an overpotential of 255 mV to drive 50 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 57.49 mV dec-1. The calculation of density functional theory (DFT) further shows that the incorporation of Bi into NiFe LDH could obviously overcome the step of H2O adsorption during OER progress. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for improving the electrocatalytic performance of NiFe LDHs, which is of great practical significance.

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyazothiazole and Polyacetyltetrazine from Novel Bis-Ketohydrazonoyl Dichlorides

The present work describes the preparation and characterization of new polyazothiazole and polyacetyltrazine polymers in good yields from new bis-(α-ketohydrazonoyl) dichlorides. Synthesis of the new polyazothiazole proceeds through the reaction of bis-(α-ketohydrazonoyl) dichlorides with 1,4-phenylene[bis(carbothioamide)] in a basic medium to afford novel polyazothiazole derivatives. Additionally, the self-polymerization reaction to synthesize polydiacetyltetrazine derivatives based on bis-(α-ketohydrazonoyl) dichlorides is described. The new polyazothiazole and polyacetyltetrazine derivatives were characterized using spectral and thermal techniques.

Synthesis and Characterization of some new heterocyclic derivatives from terphthaldehyde and study of their biological activity

In this study, some new heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized including the preparation of some chalcone from the reaction terphthadehyde with two moles of ketone derivative p-hydroxy acetophenone in a basic medium, After that . The stage includes the preparation of new heterocyclic compounds five-membered ( pyrazole, Isoxazole) and six-membered ( oxazine, thiazine). The prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR techniqes, in addition to their melting points and TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography).Finally,the prepared compounds are tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to study their biological activity.