Basic Life Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Google Classroom sebagai Media Pembelajaran di Masa Pandemi di MI Unwanul Falah

The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world for more than a year has had an impact on changes in teaching and learning activities. This country is no exception, since March 2020 online learning activities have become an option for the ministry of education and culture to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus from expanding. The practice of online education (one year online learning) is carried out by various levels of education. There are no more learning activities in classrooms as is usually done by teacher educators and lecturers. Nowadays, internet literacy has become a very important role to be developed in our basic life. Therefore, the education sector needs to use information technology in the learning process both in schools and in higher education. Google Classroom is an access that makes it easier for educators in the learning process. This is the right step, as a result, many educators are not ready to face this drastic change in teaching methods. Meanwhile, there is practically no other way to minimize the spread of Covid-19 other than by limiting human encounters in large numbers through social distancing measures. The government has also limited gatherings to a maximum of 30-40 people. Even then, with very strict health protocols, namely the use of masks, maintaining a minimum distance of 1.5 meters and washing hands with soap. This is based on the opinion of health experts around the world after they conducted research on how to break the chain of Covid-19.

Using the South African Triage Scale for prehospital triage: a qualitative study

BackgroundTriage is a critical component of prehospital emergency care. Effective triage of patients allows them to receive appropriate care and to judiciously use personnel and hospital resources. In many low-resource settings prehospital triage serves an additional role of determining the level of destination facility. In South Africa, the Western Cape Government innovatively implemented the South African Triage Scale (SATS) in the public Emergency Medical Services (EMS) service in 2012. The prehospital provider perspectives and experiences of using SATS in the field have not been previously studied.MethodsIn this qualitative study, focus group discussions with cohorts of basic, intermediate and advanced life support prehospital providers were conducted and transcribed. A content analysis using an inductive approach was used to code transcripts and identify themes.Results15 EMS providers participated in three focus group discussions. Data saturation was reached and four major themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: Implementation and use of SATS; Effectiveness of SATS; Limitations of the discriminator; and Special EMS considerations. Participants overall felt that SATS was easy to use and allowed improved communication with hospital providers during patient handover. Participants, however, described many clinical cases when their clinical gestalt triaged the patient to a different clinical acuity than generated by SATS. Additionally, they stated many clinical discriminators were too subjective to effectively apply or covered too broad a range of clinical severity (e.g., ingestions). Participants provided examples of how the prehospital environment presents additional challenges to using SATS such as changing patient clinical conditions, transport times and social needs of patients.ConclusionsOverall, participants felt that SATS was an effective tool in prehospital emergency care. However, they described many clinical scenarios where SATS was in conflict with their own assessment, the clinical care needs of the patient or the available prehospital and hospital resources. Many of the identified challenges to using SATS in the prehospital environment could be improved with small changes to SATS and provider re-training.

Pemanfaatan Google Classroom Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Dimasa Pandemi MI NURUL HUDA Sukaraja

The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world for more than one year has had an impact on changes in teaching and learning activities. This country is no exception, since March 2020 online learning activities have become an option for the ministry of education and culture to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus from spreading. The practice of online education (one year online learning) is carried out by various levels of education. There are no longer learning activities in classrooms as is commonly done by teacher educators and lecturers. Today, internet literacy has become a very important role to be developed in our basic life. Therefore, the education sector needs to use information technology in the learning process both in schools and in high schools. Google Classroom is one of the accesses that makes it easier for educators in the learning process. This is the right step, as a result of which many educators are not ready to face this drastic change in teaching methods. Meanwhile, there is practically no other way to minimize the spread of Covid-19 other than by limiting human encounters in large numbers through social distancing measures. The government also limits meetings, to a maximum of 30-40 people. Even then, with very strict health protocols, namely the use of masks, maintaining a minimum distance of 1.5 meters and washing hands with soap. This is based on the opinion of health experts around the world after they conducted research on how to break the Covid-19 chain.

KURIKULUM LATIHAN PERGURUAN DI SULTAN IDRIS TRAINING COLLEGE (SITC) SEJAK AWAL PENUBUHAN SEHINGGA PERANG DUNIA KEDUA 1922-1941

This article discusses the trainee teachers’ curriculum at the Sultan Idris Training College (SITC) since its establishment in 1922 until the outbreak of World War II. In addition, this article also discusses the curriculum's impact on the trainees. The research objective is to examine the curriculum and subjects taught to the trainees in order to teach the teaching knowledge, especially to the Malay community. This research used the qualitative method based on the library sources by focusing on the Annual Report and Memorandum as the primary sources. The research found that the curriculum for the trainees at SITC is such a providing continuity about a better basic life in the village. However, the curriculum was balanced by the academic-based curriculum in the classroom as a preparation for the trainees to become a teacher in the future. Furthermore, the research also found that there was a significant impact between the curriculum and the trainees where it has gone far beyond what the British had planned for the college.

Activity Classification Using Backpropagation Neural Networks for the Daily Lives of the Elderly

Activity Analysis Systems or Activity Recognition Systems for the elderly is recently a part of the smart home systems design. This assisted system normally helps the senior people to live alone in a house, safely and improve a quality of life. Therefore, learning to recognize which activities are safe is necessary for classifying the activities of the elderly. This information will give the researchers in the assistive technology some insights to understand the basic daily lives of the elderly. Moreover, it is also help the caregivers to monitor activities of the senior people while they live alone in the house. In this paper, the novel method for detecting and recognizing the activities using Backpropagation Neural Networks has been proposed. The proposed model was tested on a set of basic daily activities (lie, stand, sit, walk and dine). The proposed model was trained to construct the Backpropagation Neural Networks model and used the trained model to classify basic daily activities of the elderly. The proposed model gives the results of 0.78, 0.72 and 0.74 of precision, recall and F1 score, respectively. The discussion and future extension are also given in this paper.

Личностные факторы профессиональной успешности специалистов по социальной работе

The article presents an analysis of the personal factors of the success of the professional activities of social work specialists, in particular, specialists in working with the family. It is noted that the structure of social services requires the solution of a number of new tasks caused by social, information, economic, and globalization changes in our society. Social services for the family are understood as specific social activities aimed at expanding the family's ability to independently provide for their basic life needs, to promote the sustainable functioning of the family and the effective performance of families ' functions of raising and socializing children. The relevance of the empirical study of personal psychological resources of the success of social professionals is justified. In the framework of an empirical study, using the methods of expert evaluation, the method of" polar groups " by J. R. R. Tolkien. Flanagan, techniques 16-tifactorial the study of personality Cattell R., methods of diagnosis leading mechanisms of psychological protection "Index lifestyle" R. Plutchik ("Life style Index"), questionnaire of coping (coping R. Lazarus test) among the "unsuccessful" and "successful" professionals working with the family received the results: "failed" experts characterized by the use of A Factor, while for "successful" professionals a number of wider factors, Factor V, Factor E, F Factor, Factor I; it is revealed that among the adaptive mechanisms (mechanisms of psychological protection and strategies of coping with stress), the following predominate: in" unsuccessful "specialists – the mechanisms of psychological protection "regression"," substitution "and coping strategy" distancing"; in" successful "specialists – "confrontation". The expansion of scientific knowledge about the psychological factors of the success of professional activities of specialists working with the family will reduce the tension of subject-subject interaction, prevent the manifestations of various kinds of professional deformities, as well as ensure a certain level of professional health and improve the quality of life of specialists in general.

Combining the Fecal Immunochemical Test with a Logistic Regression Model for Screening Colorectal Neoplasia

Background: The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a widely used strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with moderate sensitivity. To further increase the sensitivity of FIT in identifying colorectal neoplasia, in this study, we established a classifier model by combining FIT result and other demographic and clinical features. Methods: A total of 4,477 participants were examined with FIT and those who tested positive (over 100 ng/ml) were followed up by a colonoscopy examination. Demographic and clinical information of participants including four domains (basic information, clinical history, diet habits and life styles) that consist of 15 features were retrieved from questionnaire surveys. A mean decrease accuracy (MDA) score was used to select features that are mostly related to CRC. Five different algorithms including logistic regression (LR), classification and regression tree (CART), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) were used to generate a classifier model, through a 10X cross validation process. Area under curve (AUC) and normalized mean squared error (NMSE) were used in the evaluation of the performance of the model. Results: The top six features that are mostly related to CRC include age, gender, history of intestinal adenoma or polyposis, smoking history, gastrointestinal discomfort symptom and fruit eating habit were selected. LR algorithm was used in the generation of the model. An AUC score of 0.92 and an NMSE score of 0.076 were obtained by the final classifier model in separating normal individuals from participants with colorectal neoplasia. Conclusion: Our results provide a new “Funnel” strategy in colorectal neoplasia screening via adding a classifier model filtering step between FIT and colonoscopy examination. This strategy minimizes the need of colonoscopy examination while increases the sensitivity of FIT-based CRC screening.

Management alternatives for Carmenta theobromae (Busck, 1910) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Simplicivalva ampliophilobia (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), limiting pests of guava in Colombia

The larval stages of Carmenta theobromae Busck (1910) and Simplicivalva ampliophilobia Davis, Gentili-Poole and Mitter (2008) attack the subcortical zone and pith in guava trees, respectively, in the first productive nucleus of fruit trees in Colombia: Hoya del Río Suárez (HRS). The presence of pest insects has been reported in 98% of the farms sampled in HRS (n = 124), with up to 96 and 11 simultaneous larvae per tree, respectively. Although the aspects of the basic biology and life cycle of both pests have been resolved, there are no strategies for managing populations in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate different management alternatives under laboratory and field conditions in HRS. In laboratory conditions, a completely randomized design was used in two separate experiments, each with six treatments: T1: Spinosad (a mixture of Spinosad A and D); T2: S-1,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 0,0-dimethylphosphorodithioate (chemical control); T3: Lecanicillium lecanii; T4: Beauveria bassiana; T5: Mix of B. bassiana and B. brongniartii, and T6: distilled water (control). The number of dead larvae per replicate per treatment was evaluated (DL), with experimental units of five and three larvae, respectively. In the field, to the two best alternatives found for each pest in the laboratory, pruning and keeping the area around the plants free of weeds were added as cultural management, in two separate additional experiments, each with three larvae as experimental unit per treatment. For C. theobromae, the best laboratory alternatives were chemical control (DL: 3.78) and L. lecanii (DL: 2.33), followed without statistical differences by B. bassiana (DL: 1.67). In the field, the virulence of B. bassiana improved (DL: 3), and together with pruning and keeping the area around the plants clear of weeds (DL: 3), they stood out as the best alternatives. For S. ampliophilobia under laboratory conditions, the best alternatives were Spinosad (2.74) and chemical control (DL: 2.66), without significant difference. In the field, there were no statistical differences between the alternatives, except for the control. This statistical parity of cultural practices, and biological and chemical management is an argument in favor of the use of the former to the detriment of the third, especially when the harmful effects of the molecule S-1,2 di (ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl 0, 0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate have been proven in air, water and agricultural soils, in addition to its association with thyroid cancer in humans. This is a strong argument to favor the use of synergies of cultural and biological management methods framed in IPM, as opposed to the use of chemical agents whose harmful effects are strongly documented, and whose use is becoming increasingly prohibited.

Exploring presentation attack vulnerability and usability of face recognition systems

Commercial face recognition software intended for the use of access control is evaluated. Most of the systems are to be used with hand-held devices (smartphones). The systems under test also contain three stationary systems designed to unlock doors or other secure entrance systems. While specifics of the systems cannot be gone in-depth under test (due to NDAs), the results of the evaluation of liveness detection (or presentation attack detection) with different complexity levels and template comparison performance are presented. The robustness against presentation attack is compares with the systems usability, and highlight where current commercial of the shelf systems (COTS) stand in that regard. The results focusing on the tradeoff between acceptance, linked with usability, and security are examined, which usually negatively impacts usability. A first extension of the attacks to systems using the NIR spectrum for imaging is also presented. This is mostly limited to stationary systems as they can include dedicated hardware with NIR capabilities. This is their main differentiation to most COTS systems running on smartphones, which do not rely on dedicated hardware. Though exceptions to this already exist for example in Apple devices. It is shown that most of the systems are not secure and not user friendly, having huge problems with difficult lighting conditions while only providing the most basic liveness or presentation attack detection capabilities.

Relationship between shortage of basic life needs and quality of life of medical students in Yemen: A study utilizing validity and reliability of WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.

Purpose:This study examines quality of life of medical students in Yemen by evaluating validity and reliability of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL) and assessing potential influencing factors.Methods:This is a single-centered cross-sectional study conducted in Hadramout University College of Medicine, Mukalla, Yemen during the academic year of 2019. The WHOQOL questionnaire was distributed among medical students. For validity, item discriminate validity and confirmatory factor analysis were assessed and for reliability, Cronbach's α test was examined. Independent sample t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the academic level, gender, academic performance, and basic life necessities including water, electricity supply, sewage treatment and type of residence.Results:A total of 495 medical students have responded to this questionnaire which has demonstrated an adequate validity and good reliability. The mean score for students' self-rating of their quality of life in the major domains was found to be in a descending order (Mean ± SD): psychological health (55.18 ± 17.84), environmental (52.14 + 17.60), physical health (48.15 + 14.73) and social relations (45.09 ± 20.81). Demographics and basic life needs exhibit relationship with Quality of Life among medical students.Conclusion:The WHOQOL-BREF is a valid and reliable tool among medical students in Hadramout University. Demographics and basic life needs seem to impact Yemeni medical students' Quality of Life. Wellness and mentoring programs should be considered to ameliorate effects related to deteriorating medical students' Quality of Life in Hadramout University.

Культура как геном цивилизационного развития

The article discusses the problems of forming a new type of civilizational devel­opment, analyzes the features and new technologies for updating life’s meanings and basic values. Characteristics and growth points are revealed where “world­view universals” (according to V.S. Styopin) act as some sort of basic genes of a different type of sociality. Just like the origin of new types of organisms is impossible without genetic transformations changing the organism genome, the emergence of new types of society and new types of sociality are impossible without updating fundamental life meanings and basic values. Today’s actuali­zation of the phenomena of culture as an object of transferring historical and national legacy is connected with an attempt to imagine it as the genome of civilization’s development. Mostly on this way the strategies compete which pre­serve basic values of the previous type of development with innovational inten­tions focused on searching for new life meanings and on renewing the content of modern reality values. New values are generating within the old culture, and the humanity is interested in these seeds of the future to grow into new civiliza­tion. The author shows that the formation of a new value matrix and the renewal of vital meanings is a condition for the transition to a new type of civilizational development, which grows within modern civilization. The information revolu­tion in the field of communication is radically changing the nature of civiliza­tional development, it is one of the factors affecting the renewal of basic values and life meanings.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ РЕАНИМАЦИОННЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ И ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ПРИ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ НЕОТЛОЖНЫХ СОСТОЯНИЯХ И У СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП ПАЦИЕНТОВ. РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОВЕТА ПО РЕАНИМАТОЛОГИИ 2021 ГОДА

New European Resuscitation Council Guidelines are discussed in the paper. European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest in Special Circumstances guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications required to basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest in special circumstances; specifically special causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypo/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche, hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, tensionpneumothorax, toxic agents), special settings (operating room, cardiac surgery, catheter laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation (in-flight, cruise ships), sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and special patient groups (asthma and COPD, neurological disease, obesity, pregnancy). There are no major changes in the 2021 adult Special Circumstances guidelines. There is greater emphasis on the priorisation of recognition and management for reversible causes in cardiac arrest due to special circumstances. The guidelines reflect the increasing evidence for extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) as management strategy for selected patients with cardiac arrest in settings in which it can be implemented. Diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches are discussed.

Restrictions on enforcement against real estate serving the debtor’s housing needs in the light of the amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure of May 14, 2020

The necessity to protect debtors with regard to meeting their basic life needs, including ensuring a place of residence in epidemic emergencies, led to the introduction by the national legislator of new regulations (also in the field of real estate auctions), rules aimed at satisfying the debtor’s housing needs. The consequence of the aforementioned legislative actions is the addition of a new provision to the Polish Code of Civil Procedure – Art. 9521 with effect from May 30, 2020. The purpose of this study is a detailed presentation of the restrictions on enforcement against real estate introduced by the amendment to the Polish Code of Civil Procedure of May 14, 2020, aimed at satisfying the debtor’s housing needs, taking into account the problems caused by the application of new legal norms. The solutions discussed are a response to the situations repeatedly found in practice, in which the submission by the creditor of an application for enforcement against real estate was used to harass the debtor and therefore undoubtedly deserve approval. The possibility of using enforcement measures aimed at real estate with the view to satisfy the debtor’s residential purposes in the enforcement of small claims, is clearly contradictory to the basic assumptions of the debtor’s protection against enforcement infringing his personal dignity. The new rules on enforcement against real estate serving to satisfy the debtor’s housing needs, strengthen considerably the position of debtors in the course of the execution process. It is made at the cost of significant limitation of the possibility to satisfy the creditors with the use of this type of enforcement process and postponement of debt collection in time. The only valuable component of the debtor’s property is often the residential property, which makes property execution one of the most effective methods of execution itself. Limiting execution possibilities of these properties, may in practice mean for many creditors an inability to satisfy the claimed debt for a long time and the necessity to raise additional costs and lead to an increase in the number of unsuccessful executions. However, the envisaged legal solutions, with respect to debtors remaining in a deteriorating economic situation caused by an epidemic threat, in the sense of an extraordinary and only temporary threat, should be assessed positively as a rule, subject to their episodic nature.

Russian Engineering Universities in International Ratings

This article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of engineering education in Russia in the context of global changes in the world economy associated with the fourth industrial revolution and the task of digitalizing the economy of the Russian government. Increasing competition in all civilian sectors requires highly qualified creative engineering staff to work in innovative companies. The lag of higher (including engineering) education from world standards is becoming more noticeable and is manifested in the low positions of Russian universities in international ratings. The transition to a market form of management and integration into the global economic system require, among other things, improving the quality of higher education in Russia, which should be confirmed by higher positions of Russian universities in international ratings. The purpose of this article is to help in choosing ways to reform Russian engineering education through a critical analysis of the experience of the world's leading technical universities. Taking into account international experience, the author proposes several ways to reform Russian engineering education. First, to diversify leading engineering universities by strengthening programs in basic sciences (physics, chemistry), life sciences (medicine, bioengineering) and humanities. Second, to strengthen the research sector of engineering universities by transferring to them a part of academic and industrial research institutes. Third, the reform of engineering universities should be coordinated with the diversification and partial conversion of state defense corporations.

Abstract 249: Association of Diastolic Blood Pressure and Myocardial Perfusion Pressure with Survival During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Introduction: Myocardial perfusion pressure (MPP), defined as the aortic diastolic pressure minus the central venous diastolic pressure, is an important determinant of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in cardiac arrest. However, measuring MPP requires both arterial and venous catheters and is often not possible. When only invasive arterial monitoring is available, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is suggested as a surrogate for MPP during resuscitation and is also associated with survival after cardiac arrest. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that DBP measured during chest compression delivery would mirror MPP during resuscitation and both would be associated with survival. Methods: We performed a retrospective, secondary analysis of 102 swine resuscitations. Pediatric swine underwent asphyxial cardiac arrest and were resuscitated with predefined periods of basic and advanced life support (BLS and ALS). MPP and DBP were recorded every 30 s during chest compression delivery. Results: For both survivors and non-survivors, DBP mirrored MPP throughout resuscitation ( Figure 1A, B ). During BLS, both MPP and DBP were significantly greater in survivors (MPP: 8.5 0.6 vs. 1.1 0.5 mmHg; p < 0.0001; DBP 17.3 0.6 vs. 8.7 0.5 mmHg; p < 0.0001). During ALS, MPP and DBP were greater in survivors than non-survivors (MPP: 20.5 1.0 vs. 0.7 0.3 mmHg; p < 0.0001; DBP 32.3 0.9 vs. 8.8 0.2 mmHg; p < 0.0001). During ALS, the magnitude of change in both MPP and DBP after the first epinephrine administration in survivors was greater than in non-survivors (MPP: 24.4 3.3 vs. 4.8 0.9 mmHg; p < 0.0001; DBP: 24.5 3.1 vs. 5.4 0.8 mmHg; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These observations confirm that both DBP and MPP are associated with survival in cardiac arrest and validate the use of DBP as a surrogate for MPP. Figure 1: Myocardial perfusion pressure (MPP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during BLS and ALS in survivors (A) and non-survivors (B). Arrows indicate administration of epinephrine during ALS.

A Qualitative Study on Coping Strategies Among Patients with Non-Specific Low-Back Pain

Background: Non-specific low-back pain (NSLBP) is a common health problem worldwide, but the perception and coping strategies used by patients are underreported. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the perception of patients with NSLBP, the ways the pain interrfered with their basic life, and coping strategies employed by them. Methods: Twenty patients consisting of 10 males (50%) and 10 females (50%) participated in this study. A qualitative interview was conducted using a three-section modified structured interview guide by Gwenda. Section A contained sociodemographic information, section B was the numerical pain rating scale, and section C asked questions about the pain duration, the ways of pain interference with the patient’s life, and strategies used to cope with pain. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: The results showed that 50% of the patients were within the age range of 58 years or above. Ten (50%) patients perceived that NSLBP was caused by work-related activities and 10% perceived that NSLBP was a spiritual problem. Fifty percent reported that the pain interfered with their activities of daily living, and four (20%) mentioned that NSLBP interfered with their sexual function and religious activities. Concerning the coping strategy, 40% used prayer, 15% usually ignored the pain, and 35% used the conventional approach. Conclusions: It can be concluded that half of the patients with NSLBP perceived NSLBP to be caused by work-related activities. Besides, NSLBP interfered with basic activities of daily living, and about 40% were coping with NSLBP with prayer and spiritual means.

COVID-19 impact on city and region: what’s next after lockdown?

ABSTRACT COVID-19 is unique in that it is spread through everyday contact with other people. Therefore, social protective measures, beyond medical protective measures, such as social distancing, lockdowns, border closures, and human tracing are initiated to control the spread of COVID-19. Such responses have produced secondary issues such as drastic changes in people’s way of life and work, housing instability, economic shock, and privacy issues. This paper examines the four domains of urban and regional issues related to the secondary impact of COVID-19, including (1) social distancing, urban structure, community, and density; (2) housing affordability; (3) lockdowns, border closures, reshoring, and regional economic recovery; and (4) smart city technology, contact tracing, and privacy. The following six recommendations have been proposed. First, institutional and cultural factors are more important than urban features, such as population density. To handle infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it is important to build systems, technology, infrastructure, and urban structures that can strengthen resilience instead of implementing a directionless policy of dispersion. Second, it is necessary to improve accessibility to essential services at the community level, including medical facilities and food supply. Third, continuous effort should be made to boost housing affordability, as it is directly related to people’s basic life. Fourth, measures are needed to protect those people who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. There is also the need to restore global trade and economic relations. Fifth, since data technology-based COVID-19 control raises the human tracing and privacy issue, we must ensure the principles of privacy management, such as transparency and voluntary consent, are being met. Finally, since COVID-19 is spread through people, individuals may become anxious and fearful of others without grounds; this may increase prejudice and hatred, including xenophobia. Significant social effort is needed to overcome such ill-defined anxiety and fear and maintain a healthy civil society.

General Variation Theory: A Perspective of Generalized Science

ABSTRACT The representative discussion on “variation” originates from Life Science; however, “variation” also exists in the fields of Natural Science, and Humanities and Social Science. And each of these three fields has certain continuity and internal consistency in their “arche” (ἀρχή) and “variation” processes. Particle variation, gene variation, and meme variation occur in nature, life, and culture respectively; they all start with “hereditary” with specific structure and evolve into various things that can be perceived by experience in various fields via the “selection” of an “invisible hand.” This process is clearly described in natural philosophy and metaphysical realism, which can be summarized as the generation theoretical and dualistic “ontology-variant” variation view. Through a full view of generalized science, a knowledge chain of “variation” is extracted, which is referred to as “general variation theory” in this article. This theoretical concept consists of four closely related parts: basic variation, nature variation, life variation, and cultural variation. Each of them has its own independent question domain and knowledge model; while, at the same time, there is a certain continuous, inclusive, and integrated relationship running through these four parts, thus generating a universal explanatory effectiveness in this sense.

Enhanced care planning and clinical-community linkages versus usual care to address basic needs of patients with multiple chronic conditions: a clinician-level randomized controlled trial

BackgroundMany patients with poorly controlled multiple chronic conditions (MCC) also have unhealthy behaviors, mental health challenges, and unmet social needs. Medical management of MCC may have limited benefit if patients are struggling to address their basic life needs. Health systems and communities increasingly recognize the need to address these issues and are experimenting with and investing in new models for connecting patients with needed services. Yet primary care clinicians, whose regular contact with patients makes them more familiar with patients’ needs, are often not included in these systems.MethodsWe are starting a clinician-level cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate how primary care clinicians can participate in these community and hospital solutions and whether doing so is effective in controlling MCC. Sixty clinicians in the Virginia Ambulatory Care Outcomes Research Network will be matched by age and sex and randomized to usual care (control condition) or enhanced care planning with clinical-community linkage support (intervention). From the electronic health record we will identify all patients with MCC, including cardiovascular disease or risks, diabetes, obesity, or depression. A baseline assessment will be mailed to up to 50 randomly selected patients for each clinician (3000 total). Ten respondents per clinician (600 patients total) with uncontrolled MCC will be randomly selected for study inclusion, with oversampling of minorities. The intervention includes two components. First, we will use an enhanced care planning tool, My Own Health Report (MOHR), to screen patients for health behavior, mental health, and social needs. Patients will be supported by a patient navigator, who will help patients prioritize needs, create care plans, and write a personal narrative to guide the care team. Patients will update care plans every 1 to 2 weeks. Second, we will create community-clinical linkage to help address patients’ needs. The linkage will include community resource registries, personnel to span settings (patient navigators and a community health worker), and care team coordination across team members through MOHR.DiscussionThis study will help inform efforts by primary care clinicians to help address unhealthy behaviors, mental health needs, and social risks as a strategy to better control MCC.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03885401. Registered on 19 September 2019.

The Effects of Mother's Parenting Style and Parenting Stress on Infant's Basic Daily Life Habits

The Effects of Mother's Parenting Style and Parenting Stress on Infant's Basic Daily Life Habits