Basic Interpretations Research Articles

RELEVANCE CAUSA PARADIGMATIC OF LEGAL POSITIVISM

Law, as a science, is philosophical series of reasoning towards comprehensive rules, while law as an instrument is set of rules that regulate behavior is very profane and tends to have a one-way perspective. That beside das sein and das sollen sometimes be through contra productive assumptions, implementation, perceptions and expectations, especially those related the reasons behind legal determination. Interesting one thing is positivism paradigm. Where reason constructs values based solely on legal postulates, ignoring the context, forming reasoning, assumptions, perceptions and simbiota fact that encourage legal violations. The aims of this research is to examine how the construction, logical implementation, and whether there are logical contradictions of the positivism paradigm in law. As a result, this paradigm is aimed forming a perception of the text as a fact of knowledge. Implementably, construction of positivism paradigm cannot be separated from the construction of its constituents, that philosophy which includes what positivism is (ontology), how positivism is formed or obtained (epistemology) and why positivism was born (actiology) and logical contradictions in the positivism paradigm are influenced by differences in form, both of aspects elemental construction, basic thoughts, basic perceptions, basic assumptions, basic interpretations, factual basics in the social domain which form logical reasoning based on factual factors in society.

The Concept of "Freedom" in Political Texts by Russian Authors of the 18th Century

The concept of "freedom" is one of the pillars for identifying ideas about the social ideal and one of the guidelines in attempts at social construction of the modern era. The object of this study is the political thought of Russia in the 18th century. The subject of the research is the formation and evolution of the concept of “freedom” in the socio-political texts of Russian authors of the 18th century. The purpose of this article was to identify the specifics of the concept of "freedom", presented in the texts of statesmen and politicians of the 18th century, in relation to the texts created in the pre-Petrine tradition and the texts of the European Enlightenment. The basic research method is the textual analysis of the works of Russian political authors of the 18th century, in its various versions: semantic (including hermeneutics), genetic, comparative. The main conclusion is that the reception of the concept of "freedom" from the texts of the European Enlightenment and the formation, on this basis, of the political concept of "freedom", began in the second third of the 18th century, as evidenced by the texts of V.N. Tatishcheva. This reception ended in the 1780s in the form of three basic interpretations of the concept of "freedom" – liberal (texts by N.I. Panin and his associates), conservative (texts by M.M. Shcherbatov) and democratic (texts by A.N. Radishchev).

Efficiency of development of innovative activity of agriculture

The article analyzes directions of development of the innovative processes in the agricultural sector. The need for studying the basic concepts and interpretations of innovative activity is substantiated, its composition is described. The stages of the innovation process for agricultural enterprises and the sequence of implementation and interconnection of these stages are analyzed. The main stages of the innovation process, its forms, development problems and directions for developing the innovation management mechanism in the economic crisis are described.

Historiografia wobec poetyzacji słowa. Znaczenie literatury kontrfaktycznej dla popularyzacji wiedzy historycznej

The search for connections between history and literature has been going on continuously since antiquity. Interference between disciplines is obvious today, due to the narrative form of application, bringing the stories told closer to the novel. The search for non-narrative connections continues to this day. The main task of this article is to conduct a brief analysis of the basic interpretations of both disciplines and to indicate their role in building alternative literary stories. It also serves to show that categories such as narrative, imagery, truth and fiction play a pivotal role in the historiographic teaching process through alternative literary histories.

Marxist philosophy and the study of organisations: the Marxist contribution to the study of several major types of organisations

It's clear whether Karl Marx, a thinker, financier, progressive radical, and long ago kicked a bucket, should have much to do with contemporary related research. I have not. Indeed, according to the cynic, there are many important high points in the post-Marx modern society. But when you think about it, it's now clear that the club shares many important highlights with what Marx saw in his time. In particular, we really live in an essentially entrepreneurial type of society and aspirations. It summarizes the basic philosophy, historical hypothesis, and evaluation of Marx's political economy. It recognizes a more fundamental and hopeful variation of the Marxist hypothesis. And it, at that point, examines the authoritative structures to which these ideas relate, distinguishes between Marxist and non-Marxist methodologies, and shows how they used the basic and hopeful interpretations of Marxism. I am.

Pesan Dakwah Melalui Film Islami (Studi Tentang Film BILAL: A New Breed Of Hero Analisis Semiotika Charles Sanders Piece)

The use of film as a medium of da'wah has proven to be effective in conveying the noble values ​​and messages of life. Film is a medium that can be accepted by all groups and the general public. This is in accordance with the mission of Islam to spread love to the whole world. The following research contains an analysis of texts through the media, using the semiotics of Charles Sanders Pierce's model. Semiotics is known as a model of social science that understands the world as a system of relationships with symbols as basic units, namely signs, objects, and interpretations. Semiotics is used here to understand the story of Bilal's journey as a sign with all its problems. The results of this research are expected to be material for further scientific development, especially in communication science which focuses on the use of social media as a medium with various facilities in preaching through films. It is hoped that this research can improve religious knowledge through all media by capturing da'wah messages through religious short films.

Disability and Christian Theology in Colonial India

It was not the state but the missionaries that first gave special attention to the disabled in Colonial India. In other words, the conceptualization of awareness about special care and education for the disabled in India started with the Christian theological idea of disability and with the idea of charity. Christian missionaries established special education institutions in India with funding from overseas charitable societies. Through the preaching of Christianity in these schools, missionaries constructed the idea of ‘divinity of brokenness’ for the disabled in India. They preached about the divinity of suffering and used education as a tool to integrate the disabled into Christianity. The missionaries primarily used basic interpretations of the Bible to create an awareness of the care needs for the disabled among the local populations. They tried to spread the Christian ideology that everything under God’s patronage was a created image of God and that everyone held a high value. Most importantly, they maintained that all believers were created by God, and each has a mission to fulfil based on his/her destiny. For every evangelization, the missionaries quoted the Bible for more support and interpretation. The rooted dogma of having a life for a purpose was spread across the country to advocate the significance of the disabled in society. The missionaries indoctrinated the idea that ‘in a healthy church, everybody belongs.’ Christianity was appealed as a religion of ‘inclusion’ and this continuous mission work among the disabled population increased the popularity of Christianity in India.

Minerals: From reproduction to capital

Subject. The article investigates the development of the reproduction term and compares the "reproduction" in the context of the mineral resources base. Objectives. The aim is to trace the development of basic interpretations of the reproduction concept in economics, to compare the reproduction of capital and the reproduction of the mineral resource base as synonymous categories, to provide characteristics of the mineral as capital. Methods. The study draws on empirical methods of comparison and description of theoretical concepts. The selected data were generalized and analyzed. Results. The paper highlights major milestones of the reproduction concept development in economics, gives a definition of the term in various concepts of social reproduction. It describes the characteristics of the mineral as capital. Conclusions. I developed models of circulation as compared with the movement of capital in spiral order with an increasing result after each completed circuit. A mineral product, like capital in the process of its circulation, demonstrates characteristics of circulation, which indicates that it has, among other things, monetary characteristics.

Interpretive challenges with American presidential discourse described as joking

Abstract When an American president speaks in a way that is later characterized as joking/kidding, a wide range of interpretations become possible. At a minimum, there are two basic interpretations: serious and non-serious. At the other extreme, there may be as many nuanced interpretations as there are audiences for the discourse. This study examines the “just/only joking” strategy outside of the face-to-face context and how it has been enacted in relation to presidential discourse. Using as data three prototypical examples for which public interpretations were available, the study explores how the two main audiences (currently polarized political groupings in the United States) tend to interpret the “joking” in relation to the performance style of former President Donald J. Trump either as a harmless joke or as a grave threat.

Riemannian classification of single-trial surface EEG and sources during checkerboard and navigational images in humans.

Different visual stimuli are classically used for triggering visual evoked potentials comprising well-defined components linked to the content of the displayed image. These evoked components result from the average of ongoing EEG signals in which additive and oscillatory mechanisms contribute to the component morphology. The evoked related potentials often resulted from a mixed situation (power variation and phase-locking) making basic and clinical interpretations difficult. Besides, the grand average methodology produced artificial constructs that do not reflect individual peculiarities. This motivated new approaches based on single-trial analysis as recently used in the brain-computer interface field. We hypothesize that EEG signals may include specific information about the visual features of the displayed image and that such distinctive traits can be identified by state-of-the-art classification algorithms based on Riemannian geometry. The same classification algorithms are also applied to the dipole sources estimated by sLORETA. We show that our classification pipeline can effectively discriminate between the display of different visual items (Checkerboard versus 3D navigational image) in single EEG trials throughout multiple subjects. The present methodology reaches a single-trial classification accuracy of about 84% and 93% for inter-subject and intra-subject classification respectively using surface EEG. Interestingly, we note that the classification algorithms trained on sLORETA sources estimation fail to generalize among multiple subjects (63%), which may be due to either the average head model used by sLORETA or the subsequent spatial filtering failing to extract discriminative information, but reach an intra-subject classification accuracy of 82%.

Polemic in Livy

ABSTRACT: Livy is not generally described as a polemicist, and the annalistic tradition tends to be described in terms of continuity rather than innovation. This paper aims to show, however, that there is significant polemic in Livy, including ad hominem polemic. Even if the latter falls short of Hellenistic levels, it is worth making the point that Livy wrote a highly competitive narrative, so that the degree to which he deliberately took on and surpassed rival authorities has probably been underestimated. Despite his obvious respect for some basic traditions and interpretations, he was indeed trying to surge past his rivals in innovative ways that would leave him as the pre-eminent authority. Polemic was one of the competitive strategies employed for this purpose.

Podmiot ucieleśniony w zaprojektowanym środowisku. Analiza wykorzystania koncepcji afordancji w architekturze

The subject embodied in the designed environment. Analysis of the use of the affordance concept in architecture: James Gibson’s ecological psychology is considered as one of the research subtraditions within embodied cognition. Gibson emphasizes the nature of the agent-environment interaction through the development of the theory of affordances. According to this idea, affordances are relational properties of the environment that enable a specific action for the agent. Currently this concept is being applied in many different contexts. This paper considers the application potential of affordance in architectural studies as a tool that analyses the agent’s interaction with the environment. In this context, the affordance category can be a tool that allows one to take into account the importance of space for the shaping of behavior and interactions between its users, without falling into architectural determinism. The main aim of this study is to analyze affordances as a category that, despite its diversity and vagueness, can play an important role in the embodied view of architecture (which integrates phenomenological trends in architecture and the results of neurocognitive research). The first part of the article is an attempt to synthetically place affordances in the context of embodied cognition and to point out the basic philosophical interpretations and discussions related to Gibson’s concept. In the next part, we situate the concept of affordances in the context of design practice. We also present the pros and cons of applying affordances to this ground. The last section in presenting the concept of affordances is considered within the background of the embodied current in architecture.

A SOUNDNESS ANALYSIS OF ZENO’S OF ELEA DICHOTOMY

We are studying three basic interpretations of the Dichotomy aporia, in which Zeno tries to prove the impossibility of movement. In all these interpretations, the key assumption is the dubious statement about the impossibility of performing an infinite sequence of actions in a finite time. However, we show that in the two interpretations of the Dichotomy it is possible to get rid of the dubious key assumption, replacing it with the seemingly much more reliable assumption that covering the distance is representable as a sequence of displacements. Our approach is based on the thesis proved by P. Benacerraf that completing an infinite sequence of movements in an interpretation of the Dichotomy is not sufficient to arrive to the end of the distance.

The Interpretive Challenges of American Presidential Discourse Described as Joking (Russian Translation)

When the American President speaks in a way that is later characterized as joking/kidding, a wide range of interpretations become possible. At a minimum, there are two basic interpretations: serious and non-serious.At the other extreme, there may be as many nuanced interpretations as there are audiences for the discourse. In this study, I will first examine the “just/only joking” strategy, considering how it fits within a theoretical understanding of humorous discourse, and lay out the prototypical strategic moves. Then I will explore how the two main audiences (the currently polarized political groupings in the United States) tend to interpret the “joking” in relation to the performance style of President Donald J. Trump. Using three examples, I will attempt to show how the same utterance can be interpreted by one audience as a harmless joke and by the other as a grave threat.

Semantic extensions of tu ‘to uproot’/‘to pull out’ in Nzema discourse

Nzema refers to both the language and the people who speak it. The language is spoken predominantly among the people who occupy the South-west part of the Western Region of Ghana as well as some parts of Côte d’Ivoire (Annan, 1980, 1994). Nzema forms part of the Niger-Congo Kwa language family. Many studies across languages have had their focus on the basic and extended usages of ‘eat’ and ‘drink’ (ingestion) verbs. Among such studies are Prins (1993), Newman (1997), Atintono and Adjei (2008), Aikhenvald (2009), Adjei (2013), Agyepong, Amfo and Osam (2017), and Otoo (2017). Several works, including Agyekum (2002, 2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2016) and Otoo (2018) have also examined the metaphorical extensions of human body parts and verbs of perception. In Nzema, however, studies on cultural schemas and conceptualisations are scanty. This paper, therefore, explores the basic and metaphorical interpretations of the disconnection verb, tu ‘to uproot’/‘to pull out’ in Nzema communication. The paper relies on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) with insights from ‘Cultural Conceptual Metaphors’ (Sharifian, 2011). Data were obtained from spontaneous natural speech contexts among the Nzema. Additional data were gathered by consulting other written sources like Nzema novels and drama books to extract some expressions involving the verb tu. Interviews with knowledgeable Indigenous speakers and my introspection as a native speaker were significantly brought to bear on this study. The paper finds that the basic sense of the verb is possibly projected to describe other abstract notions such as tu ahonle ‘heart uproot’ (to be afraid); tu ay?ne ‘uproot witchcraft’ (to drive a demon out of a person), tu belemgbunli ‘uproot a chief’ (to distool a chief), tu edw?k? sie (to postpone/adjourn a case), among others. The paper shows that the verb tu is ‘polysemous’, and can participate in causative/inchoative alternation.

Softarisons: theory and practice

This paper introduces the concept of softarison. Softarisons merge soft set theory with the theory of binary relations. Their purpose is the comparison of alternatives in a parameterized environment. We develop the basic theory and interpretations of softarisons. Then, the normative idea of ‘optimal’ alternatives is discussed in this context. We argue that the meaning of ‘optimality’ can be adjusted to fit in with the structure of each problem. A sufficient condition for the existence of an optimal alternative for unrestricted sets of alternatives is proven. This result means a counterpart of Weierstrass extreme value theorem for softarisons; thus, it links soft topology with the act of choice. We also provide a decision-making procedure—the minimax algorithm—when the alternatives are compared through a softarison. A case-study in the context of group interviews illustrates both the application of softarisons as an evaluation tool, and the computation of minimax solutions.

Ungkapan Makna Yang Sulung Dalam Kolose 1:15 Sebagai Tanggapan Terhadap Pemahaman Kristologi Saksi Yehuwa

From the mid-19th century until now Christians are confused and troubled by the movements and teachings of the Witnesses who have undermined the Superiority of Christ. In particular when they interpret the word prototokos in Colossians 1:15 which is very different, even contrary to Christian understanding and beliefs in general. The results of this study found that there are differences in the basic and background interpretations used by Jehovah's Witnesses with the basis and background for the interpretation of Christians in general of the word prōtotokos in Colossians 1:15. Jehovah's Witnesses use the word qanah (קנח) from Proverbs 8: 22,25 as the basis and background for the interpretation of the word prōtotokos in Colossians 1:15.

An Analysis of the Use of Terminological Determinants “Art of Islam”

This article follows from the previously published paper and pertains to a distinctive phenomenological analysis of the structure/form and the production of the modality of miniature/illumination/pictorial representation, namely the productive-reflective orientation of homo islamicus with a separate analysis of his profanely-aestheticized discourse of action/arrangement/design.
 A particular attention is paid to the paradigm of reduction, i.e. to a possible transformation of the cognitive and productive-reflective orientation by means of denaturalization/ stylization, as well as to the analysis of the status of homo islamicus's paradigmatic and predefined position within both the profane-cognitive and recognitive-sacral production. The characterization of his work and his fulfillment of religious life within the aesteticized discourse of qadar/ṣināʿat was also used to discuss the opposition to the occidental academic approach/understanding, imposed by the inappropriate need to reduce any form of creative action to common Western denominators. Substance of the emergence of creative action is theoretically elaborated by means of the cognitive discourse of qadar/ṣināʿat, together with activating figurality on the idea of the closed concept of the collaborative-cognitive practice. The expansion of theoretical discourse allowed the presence of a new view on the religious-aesthetic philosophy and associated terms, respecting the specifics deriving from the basic traditional interpretations of the Islamic forms of aestheticized orientation. This brief analysis is intended to initiate a discussion on the issues of theoretical and historical other part of the „history of arts“ and „artistic production“ in the critical framework of both occidental and Islamic attitudes/views. This brief analysis is intended to initiate a discussion on the issues of theoretical and historical other part of the „history of arts“ and „artistic production“ in the critical framework of both occidental and Islamic attitudes/views. At the same time, it will contribute to a possible fundamental discourse for defining the expression homo islamicus's Islamic creative action' as an academic field within a broader discipline entitled as the „history of arts“.

Monitoring of Docker Containers with Round Robin Database

Provided that the use of docker containers is commonly favoured over traditional virtual machines due to their apparent advantages in optimizing resource utilization, tracking such docker applications often becomes very important. It is essential for an enterprise using multiple numbers of docker containers to evaluate and track these applications. We will look at how we can use the “Round Robin Database” (RRD) to create our own database and store timely docker statistics within it. We can then extract and evaluate data from this archive, using various techniques. We will focus on metrics such as memory usage, memory percentage, network input, network output and CPU percentage in this paper. To obtain docker statistics, we will use the docker python software development kit (SDK) and the python-rrdtool module to store the data in the 'rrd' format. And then for basic interpretations, we would be able to access data and turn them into graphs.

ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ БІЗНЕСУ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДУМКИ

The basic approaches of scientists and the essential characteristics of the concept of the social responsibility of business are analyzed in the article. The purpose of the study was to define the definition of «social responsibility of business» and to study the historical aspects of its formation. The initial theoretical provisions of the scientific support of the concept of social responsibility of business are determined. The theoretical aspects and thoughtful characteristics of the concept of the «social responsibility of business» and «corporate social responsibility» in economic science are highlighted and classification to the understanding of this concept was made. The international experience of conducting socially responsible business is analyzed. The evolution of the concept of social responsibility of business in Ukraine: from the beginning to the present is studied. The basic groups of theories formed by different scientists are highlighted. They characterize the whole variety of definitions of the concept of social responsibility. It is established that in the process of evolution of the concept of social responsibility of business the basic interpretations were formed, which are supplemented by those or other features considered by different authors as key parameters. However, in almost all approaches, social responsibility was seen as a practice with the help of which the company expands and improves the scope of its activities and makes a positive contribution to the development of society, going beyond the statutory limits. Differences in approaches to defining the essence of corporate social responsibility are explained by different local economic traditions, the scope and specifics of doing business, the size of the enterprise, the geographical region in which it operates, and, of course, time horizon. Among the features of the considered definitions of corporate social responsibility should be noted the voluntary nature of such activities, the focus on achieving business success, which does not contradict socially responsible goals. The author’s own definition of the system of social responsibility of business entities is offered. The number of specific features on which the socially responsible activity of business formations depends, were defined.