Basic Human Rights Research Articles

Assessment of the role of Judicial Activism in Human Rights Matters in Uganda

The judiciary plays a great role in preserving and promoting human rights through judicial activism. Globally, Judicial Activism has cut across all constitutional affairs in the present times, especially regarding the protection of fundamental human rights. This article assesses the role of judicial activism in human rights matters in Uganda. The article revealed that the c o u r t s have always taken cognizance of each case and laid down various judgments to protect the basic human rights and constitutional rights of every member of society. On this note,the article calls for the need to establish a balance between judicial and executive institutions. This will enable our honorable judges not to cross their limits in the name of judicial activism and not to try to take over the functions of other organs of administration. Judicial pronouncements must respect the boundaries that separate the legislature, executive, and judiciary. In other words, the judiciary should be independent and free to exercise its powers but should also respect the organs of the state and harmonize the relationship between the people and the state by upholding justice at all times in their judgments. Keywords: Citizens, Courts, Human rights, Judicial activism, Organs of government.

CONTEMPORARY MIGRANT CRISIS WITH THE SPECIAL OVERVIEW OF THE PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE CITIZENS OF IMMIGRATION COUNTRIES

The contemporary migrant (refugee) crisis that began in 2010 in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East is by no means accidental, but a very well-planned and executed migration of people. This plan slowly leads to the formation of a completely new world order in such a way as to destroy the previous national one, and create a completely new limited sovereignty. The de-sovereignation of nation-states has become a scourge of the modern age. A typical example is the European Union, which, in the era of the contemporary migrant crisis, has set itself a great challenge and task, to preserve the national identity of its member states. In the paper, the authors presented the legal and institutional framework for the protection of basic human rights of migrants. The paper contains a special reference to respect for the constitutional rights of citizens of the countries of immigration in the age of the migrant crisis. The contemporary migrant crisis has led to an enormous increase in people smuggling, but also influenced the increase in human trafficking. In the paper, the authors point to the distinction between human smuggling as a criminal offense against public order and peace and human trafficking as a criminal offense against humanity and other goods protected by international law. In the final deliberations, it was pointed out the necessity of respecting international documents, encouraging national, regional and global cooperation, as well as public condemnation of discrimination and hate speech.

The synchronic and diachronic evolution of key themes around SDG 4 before and after 2015: From a quantitative analysis of web-downloaded texts

The authoritative ideas of what education should be like under the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 4) are constructed through discourse among key actors of the “international education community” at large. This article presents the evolution of international education discourse, comparing the periods before and after September 2015. The analysis is presented in two parts. The first part discusses the period before the adoption of SDGs in 2015, during which the agenda was formulated through discourse. The author identifies themes such as cognitive and noncognitive skills, learning outcomes, measurement and indicators. Actors shaping the discourse included mission-driven civil society organisations (CSOs), constituency-based CSOs, technical specialist groups, UN Member States and philanthropic organisations. The second part is based on a large sample text mining using 832 web-downloaded texts published between 2015 and 2022. The list of key themes largely mirrors those identified in the first part, although the relative weight among them has changed over time. The emphasis has shifted from global, structural topics to more local, specific ones, with increased attention on individual learners and their skills and knowledge. It suggests the uprooted nature of global governance, particularly at the time of SDG adoption. The fact that the term “SDGs” has permeated to the household level reflects widening participation in the global discourse on education. The author observes two contrasting perspectives: one discusses education’s contributions to noneducational goals, such as employment, economic growth, achieving sustainability or guaranteeing basic human rights; while another represents traditional educationalism, which tends to equate schooling with the traditional classifications of primary, secondary and higher education.

Barriers to maintaining dignity for patients with schizophrenia: A qualitative study.

Since dignity is one of the fundamental rights of each patient, maintaining patients' dignity is essential. Unfortunately, in many cases, particularly among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), dignity is not fully respected. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge regarding this matter in Middle Eastern Nations. This study aimed to identify the barriers to maintaining dignity for patients with schizophrenia from the perspective of patients with schizophrenia, their family caregivers, and healthcare personnel. This qualitative study was conducted with patients (n = 16), family caregivers (n = 4), and healthcare personnel (n = 6) who were selected using a purposeful sampling method. The data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews until the data reached saturation. Data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method. The Research Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (IR.UMSU.REC.1401.099). Analysis of the interviews revealed two main themes and five subthemes as the barriers to maintaining dignity for patients with schizophrenia. The main themes included "Black shadow of stigma" (three subthemes: "Facing the fear and discrimination of others," "Misconceptions in society," and "Social rejection") and "Facing violations" (two subthemes: "Basic human rights violation" and "Negative emotional responses"). Patients' dignity with schizophrenia was at a low level due to the negative attitude of society toward these patients. In this respect, the basic human rights violations, social rejection, and misconceptions were abundant in society and care centers. An in-depth comprehension of the threatening factors affecting dignity can assist policymakers in safeguarding their dignity through effective programs.

Discrimination and Social Exclusion of People Experiencing Mental Disorders in Burkina Faso: A Socio-anthropological Study.

Stigma has been pointed out as a barrier to mental healthcare in sub-Saharan Africa. Among the manifestations of stigma, the use of physical restraints is condemned as a form of violation of basic human rights. Research on this phenomenon is limited in West Africa and more particularly in Burkina Faso. This study explores the phenomenon of stigma of individuals experiencing mental disorders in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). As part of 8 months of socio-anthropological fieldwork, we interviewed 94 informants (7 focus groups and 25 individual interviews) to document exclusionary practices, their perceptions, and justifications. Exclusionary practices can be divided in five subgroups: ignoring, physically and sexually abusing, abandoning, banning, and restraining. Some practices were linked to a lack of financial and material resources, while others were justified by an inferior moral status. We observed differences in the type of exclusion experienced between men and women. Restrictive, abusive, and exclusionary measures are common in Bobo-Dioulasso. These practices can either be understood as part of families' adaptative strategies when dealing with chronic conditions, as part of security measures in the case of patients with aggressive behaviors, or as part of punitive measures when transgressions are committed. We conclude the article by addressing the tensions between local and global meanings of stigma.

Tools in Child Rights Research - Indian Perspective

Child rights Research in Indian Perspective is gaining more attention in the recent times. The Concept of Child Rights Research is applied more as an approach of methodology to ensure the basic human rights of children. In this paper an attempt is made to summarize the tools in Child rights Research with an objective of understanding the research gaps. In this paper, the approaches to child rights research in Indian perspective is critically reconsidered thereby insisting the need for Interdisciplinary approach to Chidl rights Research in India. Firstly, this paper reviews the gaps and tools applied in Child Rights Research and secondly, it outlines the importance of interdisciplinary approach in building knowledge on child rights to the stakeholders. Highly cited articles based on child rights research in India, Case studies and Case Reports published in the newspapers are reviewed to draw the conclusions .The present study is carried out with the following objectives.

From 'Mothers of the 'Nation' to 'Enemies of the State':

This paper explores how the colonial construction of Indigenous women as ‘unfit’ mothers of ‘inferior’ status justifies state interference in their lives, perpetuates other harmful stereotypes within the public consciousness and blames Indigenous mothers for their life conditions. Sterilization is but one weapon used by the Canadian state to violate Indigenous women’s right to reproductive autonomy, both historically and at present. Recent Canadian reports investigate Indigenous women’s claims to forced tubal ligation procedures and how coercion within colonial institutions stripped them of their power and identity through the removal of choice. Multiple class-action lawsuits are currently underway in Canada, where the voices of Indigenous women who have suffered the intergenerational impacts of colonialism in their daily lives and at the hands of western medical institutions are demanding justice and recognition of their basic human rights. Despite at least five generations of state-directed violence against them, Indigenous mothers continue to resist colonization of their bodies, land, and communities. Through reconnecting to their past, present, and future, Indigenous mothers are remembering their inherent roles and responsibilities as mothers of the nation. They have never forgotten their power nor their role as protectors of their people. They have always resisted. I aim to amplify the voices of Indigenous women in a country that has silenced them for too long and acknowledge that I by no means am interpreting their work through my point of view – I am giving them the space they deserve.

The legal and institutional framework for the protection of religious rights in Nigeria and the right to wear Hijab in public institutions.

Background Religion and its exercise are among the most sensitive discourses in different parts of the world, especially in Nigeria. The constitution and other laws ensure citizens are afforded basic human rights of which religious rights are included and yet regulated. There are questions of interpretation as to the extent to which such rights can be enjoyed and the efficacy of both the legal and institutional frameworks protecting religious rights in Nigeria. Methods This article utilises a doctrinal legal research approach utilising existing literature, statutes, and laws enacted towards the protection of religious rights in Nigeria with the consideration of primary and secondary sources of statutes including the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended), judicial precedents, International Conventions, law textbooks, and peer-reviewed journals. A comparative analysis of Nigeria, Tunisia, Algeria, Turkey and Kazakhstan was done to gain perspectives on balancing conflicting interests in light of Nigeria’s heterogeneous status. As part of the contribution to knowledge, a hybrid model for mitigating the socio-legal effect of the usage of hijab in Nigeria’s public institutions is presented to further enrich Nigeria’s jurisprudence. A hybrid model is an approach that combines different sources or methodologies by integrating two or more distinct frameworks to leverage their strengths and effectively address specific needs or challenges. It is utilized to achieve synergy and maximize outcomes by blending diverse legal approaches in law. Results Nigeria, being a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state, demonstrates that the government must protect the public interests as it relates to religious rights regardless of faith or religion. The study reveals that the current legal approach without further legislative intervention on religious issues will be inadequate to address the problem. Therefore, this study presents a hybrid model for mitigating the socio-legal effect of the usage of hijab in Nigeria’s public institutions to avoid harm and further enrich Nigeria’s jurisprudence. Conclusions This study concludes by emphasizing the inadequacy of Nigeria’s legal and institutional frameworks regarding the protection of religious rights and the right to wear hijab in public institutions. Consequently, reform is deemed necessary.

INFLUENCE OF FAMILY LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND FAMILY SIZE ON STUDENTS’ DROPOUT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS, IN KITAGWENDA DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Background Education is important to any country’s social, economic, and political development. Globally education is recognized as a basic human right. The study aims to assess the Influence of family level of education and family size on students’ dropout in secondary schools, in Kitagwenda district. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive survey design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study population consisted of teachers, head teachers, officials in the education department of Kitagwenda District, and parents who are members of the committee of PTA students s.3 and s.4. After data collection, the responses to the questionnaire were coded, and then data entered into the computer for analysis. Results Most of the respondents (90.4%) were unmarried and only (9.2%) were married. Most (200) were students from s3 and s4 classes. The majority of the respondents (82.8%) had a PLE level of education (2.8 %) had a diploma level and (5.02%) had degrees. Most (94.4%) agreed that uneducated parents encourage their sons to go to school as a way of compensation for their parents’ education in the area (Mean= 4.48; Standard deviation= 0.666). (89.6%) agreed that parents with low levels of schooling involve their children with home activities that are not academically focused, thus frustrating students who end up dropping out (Mean= 4.34; Standard deviation= 0.694). Most (90.6%) agreed that parents with bigger families have higher chances of dropping out of school (Mean= 4.45; Standard deviation= 0.646). Conclusion Children from uneducated parents are more likely to drop out of school than children from educated parents. Recommendations There is a need to revive community sensitization on the impact of education among rural people who have been noticed to be reluctant to educate their children.

Genetic Enhancement, Human Rights, and Regioglobal Bioethics.

This article examines the cross-cultural bioethical concerns stemming from the potential use of CRISPR-Cas9 for genetic enhancement projects. It emphasizes the need to differentiate between basic and non-basic human rights when considering genetic enhancement, as recent international declarations lack this distinction. Basic rights possess a universal nature and are applicable across cultures, while non-basic rights are culturally specific and should be determined within respective regions. To illustrate this, the study explores the acceptance or rejection of non-basic rights related to genetic enhancement in two distinct cultural categories: Type-A and Type-B cultures. Type-A cultures predominantly adhere to a liberal moral framework, while Type-B cultures are rooted in Confucian morality. Additionally, the article argues for two basic rights in genetic enhancement: the right to be free from bodily harm and the right to be free from deception. These rights differ from non-basic rights and should be universally upheld in all cultures. By analyzing a hypothetical case and drawing parallels with the He Jiankui incident, the article investigates the violation of these two basic rights in each scenario, regardless of cultural context. Consequently, both cases should be unequivocally rejected in both Type-A and Type-B cultures.

The change in the legal classification of the criminal offense and the right to defense in the trial

Abstract Due process of law is not just a right. As a constitutional principle, it extends to some basic human rights and freedoms, with which legal procedures are carried out. It is a guarantee of vital importance in any democratic society, the responsibility for ensuring which falls on the justice system. The right to due legal process is characterized by duality. On the one hand, it is presented as a guarantee for every citizen against the unjust actions of state authorities and on the other hand it constitutes an obligation not to violate the rights of citizens without a regular legal procedure. In order to make the protection of basic human rights and freedoms as efficient as possible, the constitutional legislator has provided legal means of constitutional control. The control exercised by the Constitutional Court, when the individual claims the violation of this principle, also appears in the form of a fundamental right in itself and becomes possible through an individual constitutional appeal. Respect for due legal process according to the Constitution is sanctioned by article 42 of the Constitution of Albania where “freedom, property and rights recognized by the Constitution and by law cannot be violated without due process of law.” This provision obliges all public authorities to respect freedom and other human rights. As a guarantee for a due legal process, every person has the right for his case to be heard in a due, public, legal process and within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal, established by law, which shall decide both disputes concerning his rights and obligations of a civil nature, as well as for the validity of any criminal charges against him.” Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Albania provides that basic human rights and freedoms are indivisible, inviolable and underlie the entire legal order. Based on the constitution, during the criminal process, everyone has the right to be informed immediately and in detail about the accusation against him, about his rights, as well as to be given the opportunity to notify his family or relatives. Everyone has the right to defend himself or with the help of a legal defense lawyer of his choice, to communicate freely and privately with him and to be provided with free defense when he/she does not have sufficient means. The right of defense must be real and its exercise must not be hindered, but the courts must take all legal measures in function of the fair process in order to give the individual the opportunity to defend himself in compliance with the principle of equality of arms, creating the opportunity for the accused to familiarize himself with the materials, evidence and results of the investigation in advance, to prepare and to exercise an effective defense with arguments in his favor in order to oppose the charge brought. Each party must be given a reasonable opportunity to present its case, under conditions, which do not place it in a less favorable position vis-à-vis the opponent. Main objective of this manuscript is the right of defense of the individual during the change of the legal qualification of the criminal offense, analyzing the criteria for its realization in the ordinary trial and further specifically in the trial.

Assess the Effect of Detract Technique among Post-operative Toddlers with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

ABSTRACT Background: Children who undergo surgery frequently experience postoperative pain or POP. Pain experienced by children can be addressed as a basic human right. Because hospitals can be extremely stressful places for families and their children, pain, and discomfort associated with intrusive techniques can lengthen hospital stays for children and lead them to heal more slowly than they would have otherwise. Engaging the kids in intellectual pursuits is one way to use distraction techniques to take their minds off unpleasant stimuli and lessen their suffering. Purpose: The current study’s goal was to evaluate the impact of the distract technique on postoperative infants with cleft lip and palate who were between the ages of 1 and 3 years old. Materials and Methods: The Saveetha Medical College and Hospital served as the host institution for the quantitative method with a preexperimental investigation. Sampling Method: Convenience sampling was used to select 60 postoperative children with cleft lip and palate who were between the ages of one and three. Interventions: One intervention group and a control group were randomly assigned to each of the 60 postoperative youngsters. Distract technique (tactile ball) was started for the intervention group 20 min prior to operation day and continued for 30 days. The first group (the control group) received standard care, which included analgesic medication. The second group (the intervention group) received no analgesic medication and was played with a tactile ball by a nurse who happened to be one of the researchers working in the pediatric unit where the study was conducted. Acetaminophen (10–15 mg/kg) was given to the children in the control group as an analgesic. Results: The descriptive analysis (P > 0.05) did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the groups.

Impacts of Community Participation on Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Sytems: A Study from District Lahore, Pakistan

The availability and functionality of an improved water supply system among the population are basic human rights and imperative to prevent numerous viral/infectious diseases. The provision of safe drinking water, improved sanitation, and hygiene plays a central role in individual and communal health, but unfortunately, the situation is strikingly poor among nations, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. To understand the existing situation and the impacts of community participation on the sustainability of the water supply system, this study was conducted in the district of Lahore, Pakistan. The prime objective was to find out the participation of the community in planning, execution, operation and maintenance, evaluation process, and the management approaches and techniques with a view of seeing how best community participation level contributed to the sustainability of the water supply program. For this purpose, a simple random sampling procedure was applied to draw the sample from the population. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection and validated through pilot testing. Results showed that participatory approaches in water supply program planning, execution, operation, maintenance, and evaluation led to community satisfaction and program sustainability.

ضوابط آزادی بیان در ادبیات قرآن کریم با تأکید بر آرای مفسران فریقین

The Holy Quran, which is a comprehensive source of religious knowledge, regards "freedom of expression" as one of the basic human rights and has given it a high position . This is considered one of the fundamental strategies in the Islamic government. "Freedom of expression", like other phenomena, has limits and frameworks, which are necessary to be defined in the literature of the Holy Qur'an and the thought of Shia and Sunni commentators, considering the destructive and insulting productivity of those who are ignorant of it. The purpose of this article is to answer the question, what are the criteria of "freedom of speech" in the Holy Quran based on the viewpoint of the commentators of the two school of thoughts (Shai and Sunni)? In order to achieve its goal, the article is written in a qualitative manner and by using the descriptive-analytical method and inferential thematic interpretation and library and software tools, referring to the Holy Quran and exegesis sources, collecting and analyzing the verses regarding the limits of freedom of expression. Searching in the verses and interpretations shows that; The freedom to express beliefs can be proved as a principle of the Qur'an; But not absolutely and unconditionally; Rather, it is based on rulings such as observing divine limits, observing rational and logical quorums, observing the interests of Islamic society, prohibiting creating tension, breaking unity, rumor-mongering, insulting, mocking expressions and things that cause corruption. And it becomes personal or social ruin. Regulating "freedom of speech" while protecting the principle of freedom of expression, closes the path of destructive expressions and prevents destructive statements that are against personal and social interests.

Inequities in adolescent sleep health in Aotearoa New Zealand: Cross-sectional survey findings

ObjectivesTo investigate ethnic inequities in, and social determinants of, adolescent sleep health in Aotearoa New Zealand. MethodsAnalysis of self-report data from a cross-sectional survey of secondary school students (12- to 18-year-olds). Analyses included weighted prevalence estimates of good and poor sleep health stratified by ethnicity, and multivariable logistic regression models concurrently adjusted for ethnicity, school year, gender, rurality, neighborhood deprivation, school decile, housing deprivation, sleeping elsewhere due to lack of adequate housing, unsafe environment, and racism. ResultsInequities in social determinants of health were evident for Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand; n = 1528) and minoritized (Pacific n = 1204; Asian n = 1927; Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African [MELAA] n = 210; and ‘Other' ethnicity n = 225) adolescents. A greater proportion of Māori, Pacific, Asian, MELAA, and ‘Other' adolescents had short sleep, compared to European (n = 3070). Māori, Pacific, Asian, and MELAA adolescents were more likely to report late bedtimes (after midnight), and Māori, Pacific, and ‘Other' adolescents were more likely to report early waketimes (5 AM-6 AM or earlier), on school days. Rurality, neighborhood deprivation, school-level deprivation, housing deprivation, sleeping elsewhere due to inadequate housing, unsafe environments, and racism partially, but not fully, explained associations between ethnicity and short sleep, late bedtimes, and early waketimes. ConclusionsEthnic inequities exist in adolescent sleep health in Aotearoa New Zealand. Socio-political actions are needed to address racism and colonialism as root causes of ethnic inequities in adolescent sleep, to ensure all young people are afforded the basic human right of good sleep health and associated mental and physical well-being.

Strategic Alliances in Global Health: Innovative Perspectives in the Era of Sustainable Development.

This article discusses current challenges in the field of global health and the World Health Organization's (WHO) strategies to address them. It highlights the importance of measuring the health impacts of global recession and globalization and the need for human-centered approaches to sustainable development. Emphasis is placed on commitment to health equity and the use of strategic partnerships for health at global, national, and local levels. Improving the health and well-being of populations, as well as public health equity, are core principles of the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These principles are expressed in SDG 3, which promotes universal access to health services and systems and recognizes global health as a basic human right. It highlights the importance of strategic partnerships to combat emerging health crises, improve public health indices, and address the burden of chronic disease. These partnerships are contemplated in SDG 17 and are manifested in different modalities, such as network governance, cross-sector collaboration, public-private partnership, and social participation. This diversity of alliances has played an important role in scaling up and strengthening universal health systems around the world, including in Latin America and the Caribbean. The text concludes by presenting the essential characteristics of these inter-organizational and inter-institutional alliances in the field of global health.

Understanding Syrian migration in Lebanon: a methodological framework.

Wars, crises, and climate change are just a few of the worldwide concerns that have resulted in the forced relocation of millions of people. After 12 years of conflict in Syria, millions of Syrians are still displaced in the neighbouring countries, and their conditions have worsened due to the economic and socio-political crisis of the region. This paper reports on a study conducted in Lebanon as part of the EU Horizon-funded project ADMIGOV - Advancing Alternative Migration Governance. It describes the methodological framework used to study Syrian migration in Lebanon and sheds light on the phenomenon's patterns, challenges, and impacts. In our study, we opted for a mixed method. It is built on a large corpus of primary data collected over the course of years of intensive, in-depth fieldwork and the author's immersion in the community. Alongside observations, quantitative and qualitative phone interviews were conducted to obtain the perceptions of displaced Syrians living in informal tented settlements in rural Lebanon and an incomplete building in the city of Saida. This interview data is accompanied by primary and secondary data sources, including the findings of other European research projects, statistics from UNHCR and IOM, and academic and press articles. Our research revealed the difficulties Syrians displaced in Lebanon encounter while navigating the challenging situation they are trapped in. Based on a case study approach, it unveils similarities and differences determined by the government's no encampment policy that led to self-settled practices across the country. This approach helped in understanding the challenging dynamic created by weak public institutions and their failure to guarantee the observance of basic human rights, compromising displaced Syrians safety. The weakness of public institutions and their failure to guarantee the observance of basic human rights has compromised displaced safety. Moreover, even though the development interventions and aid assistance have been necessary for Syrians' survival, they proved insufficient, and unequally distributed by location evidencing the inefficiencies of the majority of development aid projects. The findings contribute to an enriched understanding of the situation of Syrians in Lebanon and offer insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers working in the field of forced migration and humanitarian responses.

International Human Rights Law: Enforcement Mechanisms and Challenges in a Globalized World

A glimmer of hope in the fight for the promotion and protection of human dignity and basic human rights is international human rights law (IHRL). individuals worldwide. Yet, its efficacy depends heavily on the robustness of enforcement mechanisms and their adaptation to the complexities of a globalized world. This paper explores the various enforcement mechanisms within IHRL, ranging from international treaties and conventions to regional human rights bodies and domestic legal systems. It delves into the challenges facing these mechanisms, including issues of jurisdiction, state sovereignty, political will, and resource constraints. Moreover, it examines how globalization, with its interconnectedness and transnational nature, both facilitates and complicates the enforcement of human rights norms. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for enhanced cooperation among states, international organizations, civil society actors, and other stakeholders to overcome these challenges and ensure the effective enforcement of IHRL in a rapidly evolving global landscape.

Conflict-Induced Displacement and Food Insecurity: The Case Of Burkina Faso As Sahel’s Growing Epicenter of Conflict

This article discusses how the military conflict in Burkina Faso affects food insecurity and the welfare of its people. This issue poses a threat to its citizens' ability to achieve human security, which focuses on welfare and basic human rights, including the availability and access to adequate food. This article is qualitative research, and the analysis of this phenomenon comes from reference articles, books, news, reports, and official documents. The theoretical approach used is related to Conflict-Induced Displacement, Human Security, and the four main dimensions of Food Security, namely food availability, access, utilization, stability, and displacement of communities due to conflict. The results of the analysis show that the geographic location of the country of Burkina Faso, which is confined between the West African mainland, makes it vulnerable to military conflict affiliated with Jamaat Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and is now the center of conflict in the Sahel region. The author also found out that the main reason for ongoing hunger and malnutrition in Burkina Faso is because its people were forced to be displaced due to armed conflict in the region.

The right to be forgotten in the “global village” paradigm: on the issue of implementation

The advent of the information era in the history of mankind also caused a change in the paradigm of social relations, transforming their format, according to Marshall McLuhan's apt phrase, into a "global village". In this paradigm, the right to be forgotten becomes an important means of protecting a person from uncontrolled dissemination of unwanted information about him. The article reveals the nature of the right to be forgotten and its relationship with the phenomenon of privacy, analyzes the provisions of European legislation and practice. Attention is drawn to the fact that in Ukraine, despite the existing need to have this tool for the protection of personally sensitive information, no legislative algorithm for the effective implementation of the right in question has been developed. It is noted that, from a legal and technical point of view, the implementation of the right to be forgotten is quite difficult, since the recognition of the genetic connection of the state of being forgotten with the right to the inviolability of private life in the “global village” paradigm forces the law enforcer to always seek a reasonable balance between a person's desire to limit access to a certain information and other basic human rights and freedoms (freedom of expression, the right of users to access any form of information, etc.). Given the situation of legal uncertainty, the article concludes that there are two ways to close this gap. The first of them is to speed up work on the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Personal Data”, the provisions of which would be devoted, among other things, to practical issues of implementation and protection of the right to be forgotten; the second is to develop a separate regulatory legal act, fully devoted to the analyzed law. At the same time, when working out an appropriate mechanism for the effective implementation of the right to be forgotten, one should take into account those aspects that in practice lead to paradoxical situations in their content, such as: the mismatch of traditional physical borders with the borders of the “global village”, the Streisand effect, the disproportionality of the efforts and the achieved result, the conflict of the person's past with the possibility of their further socialization in society, etc.).