Removal Of Basic Dyes Research Articles

Valorization of Silybum marianum seed shells waste as biosorbent for basic fuchsin dye removal from water: kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamic studies

Over the last decades, the valorization of agro-industrial wastes into adsorbents has received a lot of attention due to the low-cost, high performance and sustainability factors. This work aims to valorize Silybum marianum seed shells (SMSS) as biosorbent for the removal of basic fuchsin dye (BF) from water. The prepared biosorbent from SMSS was characterized to check the morphological and structural proprieties using several techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA-DTA, and BET. It was found that SMSS has a fibrous semi-amorphous structure typical of lignocellulosic materials. The study also investigated the impact of numerous operational parameters on basic fuchsin biosorption efficiency, including particle size, biosorbent mass, stirring speed, initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH of solution. Additionally, the research explored the influence of natural water matrices on dye removal. The adsorption performance was found to be higher at basic pH values, reaching 97.50%. The adsorption process was analyzed using different kinetic models, and it was found that the process follows a pseudo-second-order model. The experimental data was thoroughly scrutinized using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The results confirm that Langmuir model fits well the BF dye adsorption on SMSS surface. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process of BF dye onto SMSS was endothermic. Overall, SMSS shows great adsorption ability which might be a good candidate for real wastewater treatment, by considering low-cost and availability of the original waste.

Synthesis of SBA-16 mesoporous silica from rice husk ash for removal of Rhodamine B cationic dye: Effect of hydrothermal treatment time

Recently, the use of silica-containing wastes has gained popularity as an excellent pathway to prepare mesoporous silica materials for applications of adsorption, catalysis and energy. Hence, this report aimed to prepare SBA-16 mesoporous silica samples derived from rice husk ash under varying times during hydrothermal treatment (viz., 24 and 48 h) and named as SBA-16–24 h and SBA-16–48 h. FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman and N2 gas adsorption at − 196°C tools were performed to explore the formation of SBA-16. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye uptake from aqueous solutions by both samples was determined by equilibrium isotherms and kinetics. Effects such as pH, dye initial concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. Results revealed the successful preparation of SBA-16 with an amorphous, ordered mesoporous structure and a higher total surface area of 461 m2/g for SBA-16–48 h obtained during a longer time of hydrothermal treatment. Increasing the time of hydrothermal treatment to 48 h decreased the average particle sizes of SBA from 50–40 nm to 20–10 nm with enhancing the total surface area, mesopore volume and amount of Si-O-Si groups. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were fitted better by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir model showed that SBA-16–48 h featuring the larger capacity of about 166.7 mg/g at pH 6. Pseudo-second order kinetic is found to be more suitable to describe the adsorption. Negative values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 thermodynamic parameters affirmed that the adsorption of RhB dye is an exothermic and spontaneous process over prepared mesoporous silica. Conclusively, the investigated SBA-16–48 h is a promising adsorbent for effective removal of basic dyes from their aqueous stream.

Mesoporous activated carbon derived from fruit by-product by pyrolysis induced chemical activation: optimization and mechanism for fuchsin basic dye removal

In this study, pineapple crown (PC) feedstock residues were utilized as a potential precursor toward producing activated carbon (PCAC) via pyrolysis induced with ZnCl2 activation. The PCAC has a surface area (457.8 m2/g) and a mesoporous structure with an average pore diameter of 3.35 nm, according to the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller estimate. The removal of cationic dye (Fuchsin basic; FB) was used for investigating the adsorption parameters of PCAC. The optimization of significant adsorption variables (A: PCAC dose (0.02–0.1 g/100 mL); B: pH (4–10); C: time (10–90); and D: initial FB concentration (10–50 mg/L) was conducted using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The pseudo-second-order (PSO) model characterized the dye adsorption kinetic profile, whereas the Freundlich model reflected the equilibrium adsorption profile. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max) of PCAC for FB dye was determined to be 171.5 mg/g. Numerous factors contribute to the FB dye adsorption mechanism onto the surface of PCAC, which include electrostatic attraction, H-bonding, pore diffusion, and π–π stacking. This study illustrates the utilization of PC biomass feedstock for the fabrication of PCAC and its successful application in wastewater remediation.

Synthesis, morphology and dye removal studies of ternary hydrogels bearing carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan and glutamic acid

Ternary polysaccharide-based hydrogel of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with chitosan (CHT) and L-Glutamic acid (GLU) was synthesized using ZnCl2 as a cross-linker. The feasibility of this ternary engineered hydrogel in removing the acidic dye (Methyl Orange) and basic dye (Amido Black-10B) by the adsorption process from contaminated water was explored. Initially binary blends of CMC and CHT were synthesized bearing different ratios to ascertain the best mixing ratio and subsequently from the best selected ratio (CC-1), another binary blend (CC-Z) was prepared by adding ZnCl2. Lastly, the ternary hydrogel was synthesized using CMC-CHT-GLU with and without chemical cross-linker abbreviated as CCG-Zn and CCG respectively. All four samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Swelling properties of these hydrogels were studied in demineralised water (DMW), and CCG-Zn gave best results. Adsorption behaviour of CCG-Zn was analyzed in acidic, basic buffer and neutral solution to check its suitability towards different pH environments. Moreover, absorbance of dye-contaminated solutions (treated with CCG-Zn) was measured using UV-visible spectroscopy to determine the removal efficiency (R) and adsorption capacity (q) in mg/g. It was observed that CCG-Zn is suitable for efficient removal of basic dye from aqueous solution and this ternary hydrogel may be effectively used for the large scale removal of cationic impurities.

Raw sawdust utilization for the removal of acid red57 and basic fuchsin dyes from aqueous solution: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic investigation

The aim of work is the use of a cheap adsorbent; sawdust (SD), for the adsorption of anionic dye, acid red57 (AR57), and cationic dye, basic fuchsin (BF). The adsorption of AR57 and BF on SD increased by increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage, while decreased with the increase of temperature and initial dye concentration. The increase in pH decreased the adsorption of AR57 and increased the adsorption of BF. The effective pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the AR57 removal efficiency were found to be 3, 0.1 g and 50 min, respectively. While for BF it was found to be 6, 0.2 g and 50 min, respectively. Fitting equilibrium data to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms showed that Freundlich model is the most suitable to describe the acid red57 and basic fuchsin. The kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption of AR57 and BF follows a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption of both AR57 and BF is spontaneous (ΔG = −3.97, −3.27 kJ/mol) and exothermic (ΔH = −22.9, −8.3 kJ/mol) with negative values of ΔG and ΔH. The negative values of ΔS of both AR57 and BF (ΔS = −64.6, −16.7 J/mol. K) showed that the randomness decreases through the adsorption process.

Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphorus-Containing Sorbent for Basic Dye Removal.

A new phosphorus-containing sorbent was prepared by copolymerizing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and trimethylvinyl silane (TMVS) with diphenylvinylphoshine oxide (DPVO). It was characterized and applied in the removal of cationic dyes such as C.I. Basic Yellow 2 (BY2), C.I. Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and C.I. Basic Red 46 (BR46) using the batch method. Spectroscopic analysis indicated that the phosphinoyl group was introduced into the sorbent structure. Equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The Freundlich model is the most suitable to describe the adsorption of BB3 (the Freundlich constant kF = 32.3 mg1-1/nL1/n/g) and BY2 on the sorbent (13.8 mg1-1/nL1/n/g), while the Langmuir model is the most adequate to describe the adsorption of BR46 (the monolayer capacity Q0 = 2.7 mg/g). The kinetics of the dye adsorption follows the assumptions of the pseudo-second-order (the rate constants k2 = 0.087 ÷ 0.738 g/mg min) model rather than pseudo-first-order or intraparticle diffusion. The presence of Na2SO4 and cationic surfactant in the aqueous solutions inhibited dye retention by the DPVO-EGDMA-TMVS. Adsorbent regeneration efficiency does not exceed 60% using 1 M NaCl and 1 M HCl solutions in the presence of 50% v/v methanol.

A study of basic and reactive dyes removal from synthetic and industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation process

Large-scale textile industries used large amounts of toxic chemicals which are very hazardous to human health and environmental sustainability. In this study, the removal of various dyes from effluents of textile industries using the electrocoagulation process was investigated. The studied dyes were Reactive Red 120 (RR-120), Basic Blue 3 (BB-3), and Basic Red 46 (BR-46), which were found in samples collected from effluents of three major textile factories in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. For maximum removal, the dye BB-3 required acidic pH 3, RR-120 basic pH 11, while BR-46 neutral pH 7 conditions. BB-3 required a longer treatment time of 80 min than BR-46 and RR-120, which required 30 and 40 min, respectively. The best removal efficiency of 99.5%, 93.5%, and 96.3% was achieved for BR-46, BB-3, and RR-120, respectively, from synthetic wastewater containing 10 mg l-1of each dye at an applied potential of 10 V. The method was applied to real textile wastewaters and 73.0 to 99.5% removal of the dyes was achieved, Indicating Electrocoagulation can be used as a simple, and reliable method for the treatment of real wastewater from textile industries. It is used as a potentially viable and inexpensive tool for the treatment of textile dyes Analysis of the electrochemically generated sludge by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy revealed the expected crystalline aluminum oxides (bayerite (Al(OH)3 diaspore (AlO(OH)) found in the sludge. The amorphous phase was also found in the floc. Textile industry owners should be aware of the impact of the discharge of effluents on the Ecosystem and should use the investigated electrocoagulation method for effluent treatment before discharging into the environment.

Biomass derived carbon blended ion-exchange resins for the removal of toxic metal ions from waste water

Heavy metal pollution has recently emerged as one of the major environmental problems. The removal of metal ions from the environment is of serious concern due to their persistence existence. Enhancing coke is a cost-effective beneficial method for removing metal contaminants from water. In this paper, we describe the production of sulphonate-enhance coke from Indigofera tinctoria carbon incorporated with synthetic phenolic resin for the removal of metal ions from wastewater. They act as a cation exchange resin followed by column chromatography. The preparation of Indigofera tinctoria carbon has been optimized in this study. It was tested for the removal of different metals in water after it was prepared with different concentrations of H2SO4 (from 10 % to 50 %) sorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the samples. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermometric analysis (DTA) were used to examine the thermal stability of the samples. The enhance coke-based work in resin- is useful as an electrode material for effectively removing heavy metals from contaminated water via the cation deionization (CDI) process. Coke is regarded as a low-cost adsorbent material for the removal of basic dyes and metal ions from polluted solutions. It has excellent thermal stability and swelling behavior for long-term applications.

Porous cellulose microspheres loaded with dry Nile water algae for removal of MB dye and copper ions from aqueous media

AbstractLow‐cost‐effective applied technologies for water and wastewater treatment, such as microalgae, have growing attention due to their mutual benefit in wastewater treatment and for valuable algae biomass production. A newly constructed Nile water algae cross‐linked cellulose microsphere (NACS) was applied by functionalization of cross‐linked cellulose acetate with dry Nile water algae forming an efficient adsorptive microsphere. The adsorption capacity of microspheres was evaluated for the removal of basic dye (Methylene blue: MB) and heavy metal copper ions (Cu+2). The molecular structure revealed that the prepared microspheres have several functional groups and elements that have a high affinity for heavy metals and dye removal; furthermore, the morphological structure emphasizes this removal affinity by the presence of micropores at the surface of the microsphere. The results of maximum biosorption conditions showed both MB and Cu through the microsphere were 20 mg/L MB and (10 and 20) mg/L Cu concentrations, 2 g/L of adsorbent dose, pH (MB = 6 and Cu = 5.5), and contact time of 60 min. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) were significantly enhanced at 200 and 153.2 mg/g for MB and Cu (II), respectively. The possibility of removal, recovery, and reuse of MB by prepared microsphere was efficiently achieved.

Removal of Toxic Basic Fuchsin Dye from Liquids by Antibiotic Azithromycin Using Adsorption, TD-DFT Calculations, Kinetic, and Equilibrium Studies

This work aims to study the removal of new fuchsin dye (NFD) using azithromycin (Az) by a spectrophotometric technique at two different wavelengths (547 and 286 nm), which formed the blend [Az+NFD]. Afterward, the [Az]TF, [NFD]TF, and nanoblend [Az+NFD]NB thin films were fabricated using the spin-coating technique. The models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to examine the experimental data of adsorption equilibrium and activation parameters. At 547 and 286 nm, the sorption capacity (qm) was determined to be 0.0095 and 0.01 mg g–1, correspondingly. The kinetic data showed that the reaction was fitted with a first-order reaction and the maximum adsorption capacity of Az at 547 nm was 0.0198 mg g–1 at 313 and 323 K, whereas at 286 nm, it was 0.0071 mg g–1 at 303 K. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) were calculated, and the experimental results showing negative values of ΔH° at 547 and 286 nm (−33.67 and −11.22 kJ mol–1, respectively) indicate the adsorption of NFD using Az is an exothermic reaction. The negative values of ΔG° at 547 and 286 nm (−19.67 and −13.01 kJ mol–1, respectively) indicate a spontaneous reaction. The calculated time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) spectra matched the measured IR spectra precisely and corroborated the molecular structure of the tested materials. The experimental values and TD-DFT/CASTEP predictions for these properties are in great agreement. The optical (TD-DFT/CASTEP) characteristics of the [Az]Iso, [NFD]Iso, and [Az+NFD]NB gaseous phases are in close agreement with the experimental results. The greatest absorption bands for [Az]TF, [NFD]TF, and [Az+NFD]NB correspond to the π → π* electronic transition at 268, 547, and 625 nm, respectively, and the Gaussian program corresponds well with the experimental analysis for synthetic IR and molecular electrostatic potential. Optical illumination studies suggest that the nanoblend device films investigated may be employed in solar cell applications. The quantity of dye removed by Az decreases with an increase in the contact time and optimum adsorption was achieved in 4 min at 547 nm, whereas it increases with time at 286 nm and an optimum adsorption capacity was achieved in 6 min. The isolated molecule of [Az+NFD]Iso has a band gap of 2.415 eV, as determined by TD-DFT/DMol3. Thin films of thickness 100 ± 3 nm of [Az]TF, [NFD]TF, and [Az+NFD]NB via a spin-coating technique at room temperature were fabricated.

Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes l.) as a Potential Adsorbent of Basic Fuchsin Dye

In textile sector uses a huge volume of water and chemicals, including inorganic compounds, polymers, and organic products. Textiles effluents including different types of dyes like acidic, reactive, basic, disperse, azo, diazo, anthraquinone and metal-complex dye. Textile effluents create chronic ecological problems due to their toxicity, pernicious and carcinogenic characters and, at present, purification process of textile effluents is a critical problem for society. Biosorption process through water hyacinth biomass as a fructuous and inexpensive process for the expel of dyes from textile industrial colorants. In the present study, biosorption of basic fuchsin dye was carried out using different doses of the dried and powdered biomass of water hyacinth. The dose of plant biomass (50mg to 400mg) observed high percentage of adsorption at 20 ppm dye concentration. The results of Freundlich adsorption isotherm showed a better biosorption than Langmuir adsorption model. FTIR spectra of the unloaded and dye loaded biomass showed the change in the surface chemistry of the biosorbent and predicted the role of C=N (Very Strong- VS), C=S (Strong- S), CH2 (Strong-S), CH=CH (Strong- S) groups in the removal of basic fuchsin dye from the aqueous solutions.

Removal of basic dyes from aqueous medium using high-sulfonated polymelamine formaldehyde magnetic nanoparticles

Removal of basic dyes from aqueous medium using high-sulfonated polymelamine formaldehyde magnetic nanoparticles

Adsorption Study and Removal of Basic Fuchsin Dye from Medical Laboratory Wastewater Using Local Natural Clay

Local natural clay from Sulaimani zone-Takiya (TKC), Kurdistan Region of Iraq, was characterized and used for the removal of basic fuchsin (BF) dye from laboratory bacterial wastewater. The characterization of the adsorbent was carried out with XRD, XRF, and FT-IR. The clay sample was dominated by vermiculite. Adsorption tests under different conditions of contact time, pH of the solution, temperature, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent amount were performed to analyze the effect of various experimental parameters. Equilibrium time was reached within 180 minutes, and maximum BF adsorption was achieved at pH 6.8 at a temperature ranging from 20 to 50°C. The experimental data fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with the activation energy of 22.68 kJ·mol-1. Adsorption isotherms could be well-fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters such as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] were determined, and the negative values of [Formula: see text] indicated that adsorption was spontaneous at all temperatures. Furthermore, the values of [Formula: see text] indicated an endothermic reaction. Wastewater contaminated by BF dye from the bacterial laboratory was collected (BF concentration: 160 mg·L-1) and treated by TKC. The resulting concentration of BF after adsorption was 4.76 mg·L-1. The maximum amount of dye adsorbed is about 149.2 mg/g or 0.44 mmol/g, which is close to the range of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) value of the vermiculite which indicated that cation exchange was the dominant adsorption mechanism.

Cereal based traditional beverage of tella residue (attela) as a green organic pollutant sorbent for methylene blue dye removal: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Dyes are one the foremost hazardous pollutants that affects bio life including the flora and fauna and removing of those pollutants from contaminated environment are remarkable activities within the scientific community. In this respect, the current study is focused on preparation of physiochemical activated cereals based tella residue bio adsorbent for basic blue dye (MB) removal from aqueous environment. Different analytical methods have been utilized to assess the thermal stability, surface area, surface morphology, pore size, pore volume, surface functional group, and a few proximate analyses of the prepared bio adsorbents. The SEM and BET results of the adsorbents reveals physiochemical activation process assists for the formation of visible pores, cracks, irregular shape, and better surface area (51.32 m2/g for RTR and 565m2/g for ATR) respectively. The removal efficiencies of MB by RTR and ATR in an exceedingly batch experiment were 88.4s and 97.2 % at situation of pH (8); adsorbent dosage (0.8 for RTR and 0.6 for ATR), agitation speed (300 rpm), dye concentration (10 mg/L), temperature (298oK) and contact time (100 minute) respectively. The kinetics and equilibrium result of dye adsorption process well described by Pseudo 2nd order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model respectively. The thermodynamic finding result shows the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the sorption process. The probable adsorption mechanism of MB dye on the prepared bio adsorbents surface may be assigned mainly through chemisorption. The results of this study show, the current adsorbents promise an alternate green rout for treatment dye contaminated wastewaters.

Mathematical Modelling of the Removal of Basic Blue Dye from Effluent by a Mineral Membrane

Water contamination is a major challenge due to the discharging of wastes into the natural resources. In this study, a novel branched pore adsorption model was developed by utilizing external mass transfer coefficients, Kf , effective diffusivity, and lumped microspore diffusion rate parameters. This describes sorption kinetics from long-term adsorption that occurs between an adsorbent and an adsorbate. An investigation of the effects of dye concentration on Basic Blue 9 removal was conducted. Then by considering of initial and boundary conditions the government equations were solved. Using this model, the Basic Blue 9 (or methylene blue is an industrial inhibitor) was removed from a bentonite sample polluted by Basic Blue 9. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved by using of Freundlich analysis. Based on the experimental data, theoretical concentration - time adjusted models were developed using a FORTRAN computer program to fit the experimental data more precisely and confirm the precision and accuracy of this research.

Preparation of eco-friendly adsorbents from Port Jackson (Acacia saligna) and its application in removal of basic dyes

In this study, the potential of two adsorbents prepared from Port Jackson (PJ) plant for the removal of Janus Green (JG) and Victoria Blue (VB) dyes from wastewater was investigated. One of the adsorbents was prepared from Port Jackson by employing the plant’s leaves in their natural form after washing while the second one was obtained by treating the leaves with concentrated sulphuric acid. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Batch adsorption experiments were conducted with different initial concentrations of dyes, adsorbents doses, temperatures and contact times to determine their effects on the process efficiency. Equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of the processes were also evaluated. The percentage removal of the dyes by the two adsorbents increased with increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage but decreased with increasing temperature. The kinetics parameters obtained were found to follow pseudo-second order model, suggesting that the rate limiting step may be chemisorption. Thermodynamic studies reveal that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic in nature as evident from the negative values of Gibbs free energy (G0) and enthalpy (H0) obtained. The processes were accompanied with decreased randomness as shown in the negative change in entropy (S0). It can be concluded that the two adsorbents have good potentials for remediating JG and VB dye-contaminated wastewater.

Xanthan or esterified xanthan/cobalt ferrite-lignin hybrid materials for methyl blue and basic fuchsine dyes removal: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In this study, new adsorbents based on xanthan (XG) or esterified xanthan (XGAC) and ferrite-lignin hybrids were obtained and characterized by using the dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) method, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The porosity, swelling ratio and point of zero charge (PZC) of the adsorbents were also evaluated. Batch adsorption experiments have been performed to determine the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents for Methyl Blue (MB) and Basic Fuchsine (BF). Ferrite-Lignoboost® lignin and ferrite-organosolv lignin hybrid materials (CFLB and CFLO) presented the highest adsorption capacity for MB dye (44.73 and 37.54 mg/g), while the adsorbents based on xanthan and ferrite-lignin hybrids (XG/CFLO and XG/CFLB) retained the highest quantities of BF dye (36.23 and 33.33 mg/g). The chemical nature of the adsorption process was determined, the analyzed data being better fitted to the pseudo second order (PSO) kinetic model. The data analysis showed that the adsorption process followed Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Jovanović isotherm models. All the studied adsorption processes were endothermic (ΔHo > 0) and the positive values of the entropy (ΔSo > 0) indicated disorder at the interface between the adsorbent and the dye solutions.

Sustainable mesoporous graphitic activated carbon as biosorbent for efficient adsorption of acidic and basic dyes from wastewater: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Mesoporous graphitic activated carbon (MGAC) was synthesized using inexpensive Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf as a biomass precursor by a simple and efficient method at 550 °C. As prepared MGAC was exhibited mesoporous nature, high surface area as with high adsorption capacity for removal of synthetic dyes as well as industrial effluents. The complete formation of MGAC has been characterized by different analytical techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and the associated Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The FE-SEM and HR-TEM images relieved that the presence of an enormous amount of pores and a large specific area for the adsorption of dyes. And also, BET analysis showed 881 m2/g of surface area along with mesopores diameter of 2-6 nm respectively. The XRD and Raman data showed as prepared MGAC in graphitic nature. Further, the MGAC has exhibited good absorption capacity towards acidic dyes such as 868.28 mg/g for Acid blue 113 (AB113) and 151 mg/g for Acid blue 9 (AB9). And also, exhibited towards basic dyes such as 170.10 mg/g for Rhodamine B (RB), 221.81 mg/g for Safranin O (SO) and 272.66 mg/g for Malachite Green (MG)) respectively. Moreover, the optimum MGAC adsorbent dose was found 0.18 g, 0.03 g, 0.06 g, 0.1 g & 0.12 g for AB9, AB113, SO, RB and MG respectively. The equilibrium was attained at 180 min. for all the dyes. Additionally, adsorption of all the dyes followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm by best fitting of equilibrium as regression coefficient of R2= 0.99, which is confirmed the monolayer coverage of dye molecules on MGAC. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics data tracked the pseudo second order. In addition, the thermodynamic studies reveled that adsorption is spontaneous as well endothermic and might be chemisorption in nature. Finally, 0.5 g of MGAC displayed tremendous capability for the removal of mixture of synthetic dyes (each dye con. is 6 × 10−4 M) as well industrial effluents were removed with 0.1 g of MGAC. Comparative study about other adsorbents showed reasonable capacity for selected both acid and basic dyes over single MGAC adsorbent. Besides, the sustainability was exhibited with 0.03 g of MGAC through remarkable stability and reusability up to 5 cycles of run. The adsorption mechanism explained based on synergetic interactions of hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions and electrostatic interactions through effect of pH. Therefore, complete results advised that MGAC is a prominent adsorbent for efficient removal of both acidic and basic dyes as well industrial effluents present in the wastewater.

Sono-assisted synthesis of AgFeO2 nanoparticles for efficient removal of Basic Green-4 dye from aqueous solution

Sono-assisted synthesis of AgFeO2 nanoparticles for efficient removal of Basic Green-4 dye from aqueous solution

Fabrication of Magnetic Fe3O4/Polypyrrole/Carbon Black Nanocomposite for Effective Uptake of Congo Red and Methylene Blue Dye: Adsorption Investigation and Mechanism

In most wastewater systems, the existence of more than one dye is a reality. Herein, mesoporous iron oxide/polypyrrole/carbon black (Fe3O4/PPy/C) nanocomposite with high saturation magnetization (45.2 emu/g) has been prepared by encapsulating very fine Fe3O4 nanoparticles (4–7 nm) in PPy/C for the first time. The superior adsorption performance of the developed Fe3O4/PPy/C nanocomposite for the removal of basic dye (methylene blue, MB) and acidic dye (Congo red, CR) has been studied in single and binary systems. XRD, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, FT-IR, VSM, BET, and zeta potential analyses were used for adsorbent characterization. XRD, EDX, and FT-IR findings confirmed the successful inclusion of Fe3O4 into the polymer matrix. The XDR and HRTEM results revealed a significant reduction in the size of the grown Fe3O4 with the addition of PPy/C, which acts as a particle growth inhibitor, and thus the nanocomposite has a greater surface area reached 341.01 m2/g relative to 210.66 m2/g and 277.59 m2/g for pure Fe3O4 and PPy/C, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm matched the experimental data quite well, with R2 and adsorption capacity of 0.994 and 500 mg/g for CR and 0.995 and 90.9 mg/g for MB, respectively. The effectiveness of Fe3O4/PPy/C nanocomposite to remove both CR and MB from binary solution reached 96.9% for CR and 95.9% for MB. In kinetic investigations, the sorption of both dyes obeyed the pseudo-second order model, where R2 equals 0.999 and 0.998 for CR and MB, respectively. Desorption tests revealed the easy separation and good efficiency of the nanocomposite after four cycles. Finally, the sorption mechanism was discussed in detail based on FTIR analysis. Therefore, the developed nanocomposite is a bi-functional, recyclable, and efficient adsorbent for environmental applications.