EARLY IN THE history of the United States sectional interests and differences developed which threatened to dissolve the Union. The triumph of Northern armies in the Civil War prevented the dissolution of the Union, but it did not per se alter substantially the basic ideas, attitudes, and customs of a majority of the white Southerners, except possibly where slavery was concerned. The white Southerners, mainly Democrats, had no intention of elevating immediately the Negro to their social, economic, or political level. While they recognized that slavery was abolished and that the Negro was free, they intended to continue to govern and control society in the South themselves. Their idea of gov ernment did not include immediate participation by the Negro; the Negro was to live, at least for a time, in a white man's society just as he had before the war, except that he was no longer to be a slave. The Civil War has been regarded as a conflict between the indus trial North or East and the planter South for control of the national state. This conflict dated back to the days of Hamilton and Jefferson. The North won the war, but winning the war and leaving the government of the Southern states in the hands of 'unreconstructed rebels' or South ern Democrats, however, would avail the North or Republican party little; for if the North was to control the national state it must have a South which would at least be sympathetic to Northern interests. The Republicans, therefore, in complete control of Congress and in the ab sence of Southern Congressmen, decided to 'reconstruct' the South in such a manner as would enfranchise the Negro and place the government of the Southern states in Republican hands. This procedure would en able the Republicans to carry out at the national level, as well as at the state level, just about any program they might desire. It has been observed that the school reflects the society of which it is a part. It is believed also that education, under proper conditions, may exert a powerful influence on the course of the social order. The