Basic Core Research Articles

Research on integration technology of architectural CAD and budget estimate

It is particularly important to integrate architectural CAD and budget integration technology in the field of modern construction project management. Faced with the increasing complexity of construction projects, the method of separating design and budget in the past is no longer suitable for the standards of efficient management. Starting from the basic concepts and core technologies of architectural CAD, this article studies the difficulties in data transmission and conversion, as well as the strong demand for integration technology throughout the entire building lifecycle. Analyzing the implementation methods of integrating architectural CAD and budget technology, including data docking, the application of BIM technology, and collaborative work modes, this article explains the positive role of this integration in enhancing the unity of design and budget, improving change response speed, and reducing costs, providing reference for the information development of the construction industry.

Evaluating the Impact of Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality on Urinary Catheterization Skills, Motivation, and Satisfaction in Nursing Students

Aims: The basic core skill and competency nursing students need is urinary catheterization. Semi-immersive virtual reality (SIVR) based research innovations based on situational learning theory have not been widely used to improve student proficiency. This study aimed to analyze the skills, motivation, and satisfaction of nursing students with urinary catheterization learning before and after the implementation of SIVR. Methods: The study was designed as a pre-test and post-test randomized controlled trial (RCT). The study population was undergraduate nursing students at the Bhakti Wiyata Health Sciences Institute, Kediri. The SIVR group (n=52) received catheterization skill practice through SIVR, whereas the control group (n=52) was given 2-dimensional video learning. The results obtained were catheterization skills, motivation, and satisfaction, which were evaluated before and after the intervention. In this study's statistical test analysis, the chi-square test and the independent t-test were used. Results: Post-test results showed a significant improvement in catheterization skills in the SIVR group (M = 92.74, SD = 1.05, p = 0.032) compared to the control group (M = 79.95, SD = 1.51), a significant improvement in motivation in the SIVR group (M = 6.48, SD = 0.54, p = 0.010) compared to the control group (M = 5.23, SD = 0.49), and a significant improvement in satisfaction in the SIVR group (M = 3.49, SD = 0.83, p = 0.024) compared to the control group (M = 2.88, SD = 0.52). Conclusion: SIVR simulation and video learning can improve nursing students' skills, motivation, and satisfaction. SIVR program learning can be recommended as an intervention for the effectiveness of the quality of practical learning following current technological advances and in the long term it is expected to improve graduates' practical skills.

What Do We Know About CapsicumVolatilome?

The Capsicum genus includes several cultivated species that release complex blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with their unique aroma. These VOCs are essential info-chemicals in ecological interactions. In this review, we describe how the volatilomic profiling naturally varies based on specific plant organs and genotypes as well as how non-beneficial organisms affect VOCs biosynthesis and accumulation in pepper plants. Also, we show evidence about VOCs variation under the pressure of different abiotic factors such as water stress, soil type and nutrient availability. The contribution of specific metabolic pathways and gene expression related to the biosynthesis of particular VOCs is addressed. We highlighted the utility of VOCs as chemical markers for quality control in the food industry, breeding programs to generate resistant plants and to improve aroma innovation. Herein we present a database containing 2734 VOCs, revealing 113 as the basic core of the volatilome from five Capsicum species.

High-Entropy Materials for Prospective Biomedical Applications: Challenges and Opportunities.

With their unique structural characteristics, customizable chemical composition, and adjustable functional characteristics, high-entropy materials (HEMs) have triggered a wide range of interdisciplinary research, especially in the biomedical field. In this paper, the basic concept, core properties, and preparation methods of HEMs are first summarized, and then the application and development of HEMs in the field of biomedical are briefly described. Subsequently, based on the diverse and comprehensive properties of HEMs and a few reported cases, the possible application scenarios of HEMs in biological fields such as biosensors, antibacterial materials, therapeutics, bioimaging, and tissue engineering are prospectively predicted and discussed. Finally, their potential advantages and major challenges is summarized, which may provide useful guidance and principles for researchers to develop and optimize novel HEMs.

Optimizing an auxetic metamaterial structure for enhanced mechanical energy absorption: Design and performance evaluation under compressive and impact loading

Auxetic metamaterials, characterized by their negative Poisson’s ratio, offer promising prospects for utilization in absorbing energy during quasi-static compressive loading as well as in applications requiring impact energy absorption. The optimization of auxetic structures’ geometrical parameters can improve their performance. This research aims to optimize the design of an auxetic structure for maximum specific energy absorption and investigate its behavior under quasi-static compressive and high-velocity impact loading. The geometrical parameters of the cross-petal auxetic structure are optimized using genetic algorithm and a neural network surrogate model. The behavior of the optimized auxetic structure is examined in quasi-static compressive loading and compared with that of the basic auxetic structure using finite element simulations. The optimized auxetic structure is then evaluated in high-velocity impact loading as the core of a sandwich panel, with two plates placed in the front and rear. Simulations of projectile impacts at velocities ranging from 100 to 250 m/s reveal the sandwich panel’s behavior. Results indicate a 69.82% increase in specific energy absorption capacity for the optimized auxetic structure as compared to the basic structure in quasi-static compressive loading. In high-velocity impact, the sandwich panel with the optimal auxetic core outperforms the one with the basic core. At velocities more than the minimum perforation velocity, the core contributes about 64%–67% of the total absorbed energy by the sandwich panel.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to tooth morphology among dental students and dental technician students

Objectives: Students are introduced to the morphological features of primary and permanent human dentition in a dental anatomy course, which is a part of the basic core sciences program in the Department of Dentistry and Dental Prosthesis Technology. The purpose of this study was to compare dental students' (DSs’) and dental technician students' (DTSs’) knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dental morphology. Materials and Methods: Using a 26-item self-administered questionnaire, the DSs and DTSs participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Three components made up the questionnaire: four items for demographic profile, ten items for dental morphology knowledge level, seven items for attitude toward tooth morphology, and five items for practice in tooth morphology. There were 274 student answers in all. The data were analyzed using an independent t test and one-way ANOVA. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance for each test. Results: Between DSs and DTSs, there was a statistically significant difference in their knowledge and practices of tooth morphology (p< .001). However, DTSs knowledge of dental morphology was significantly greater, and DSs practice scores were significantly greater. There was no significant difference in the attitude of tooth morphology between the two groups (p=0.379). Both groups had low levels of dental morphology knowledge, with an average of 3.86 correct answers for DTSs and an average of 3.16 correct answers for DSs. In the DSs group, first-year students had a greater knowledge level (4.22±1.63 correct answers) than did the other students. Conclusions: Knowing the variations in dental morphology knowledge, attitudes, and practices between a dentist and dental technician may help us take preventative measures. While preclinical dentistry students and dental technician students had different levels of expertise, both groups were less knowledgeable about tooth morphology. Both groups had similarly high attitudes toward tooth morphology.

Synthesis and Structure of Novel Phenothiazine Derivatives, and Compound Prioritization via In Silico Target Search and Screening for Cytotoxic and Cholinesterase Modulatory Activities in Liver Cancer Cells and In Vivo in Zebrafish.

Phenothiazines (PTZ) are antipsychotics known to modulate a variety of neurotransmitter activities that include dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling and have been identified as potential anticancer agents in vitro. However, it is important to also test whether a highly cytotoxic, repurposed, or novel PTZ has low toxicity and neuromodulatory activity in vivo using vertebrate model organisms, such as zebrafish. In this study, we synthesized novel phenothiazines and screened them in vitro in liver cancer and in vivo in zebrafish embryos/larvae. The syntheses of several intermediate PTZ 10-yl acyl chlorides were followed by elemental analysis and determination of 1H NMR and 13C NMR mass (ESI+) spectra of a large number of novel PTZ 10-carboxamides. Cytotoxicities of 28 PTZ derivatives (1-28) screened against Hep3B and SkHep1 liver cancer cell lines revealed five intermediate and five novel leads along with trifluoperazine (TFP), prochlorperazine (PCP), and perphenazine, which are relatively more cytotoxic than the basic PTZ core. Overall, the derivatives were more cytotoxic to Hep3B than SkHep1 cells. Moreover, in silico target screening identified cholinesterases as some of the commonest targets of the screened phenothiazines. Interestingly, molecular docking studies with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase proteins showed that the most cytotoxic compounds 1, 3, PCP, and TFP behaved similar to Huprin W in their amino acid interactions with the AChE protein. The highly cytotoxic intermediate PTZ derivative 1 exhibited a relatively lower toxicity profile than those of 2 and 3 during the zebrafish development. It also modulated in vivo the cholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner while significantly increasing the total cholinesterase activity and/or ACHE mRNA levels, independent of the liver cancer cell type. Our screen also identified novel phenothiazines, i.e., 8 and 10, with significant cytotoxic and cholinesterase modulatory effects in liver cancer cells; yet both compounds had low levels of toxicity in zebrafish. Moreover, they modulated the cholinesterase activity or expression of ACHE in a cancer cell line-specific manner, and compound 10 significantly inhibited the cholinesterase activity in zebrafish. Accordingly, using a successful combination of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, we identified several lead anticancer and cholinesterase modulatory PTZ derivatives for future research.

Merdeka Curriculum and Merdeka Mengajar Platform to Improve Teacher Pedagogical Competence

The Merdeka Curriculum is one of the government's programs as a stepping stone in improving the quality of education. The Merdeka Curriculum provides freedom for educators to design learning as needed by students. The Merdeka Curriculum is a refinement of the 2013 Curriculum with several changes such as changing basic competencies and core competencies into learning outcomes, emphasizing formative assessments, and also providing freedom for educational units to develop operational curricula independently. The presence of the Merdeka Mengajar Platform also supports the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum by providing digital resources to develop teacher professionals. This platform has a menu for Personal Development, Teaching, Inspiration and Information about the Merdeka Curriculum which can make it easier for teachers to obtain references, inspiration and understanding regarding the implementation of this curriculum. Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum requires teachers to master pedagogical competencies such as understanding students, designing learning, implementing learning, evaluating learning outcomes, and developing student competencies. This research uses the literature study method. The results of this research show that the Merdeka Curriculum and Merdeka Mengajar Platform can increase the competence, innovation and creativity of teachers.

Research on the Application of the Criminal Policy of “Early Crackdown on Petty Crimes” in the Governance of Cybercrime

Based on the “chain” of cybercrime and the correlation between upstream and downstream crimes, when legislation has not yet responded to the governance and regulatory measures related to cybercrime in a timely and definite manner, applying appropriate criminal policies, such as the “early crackdown on petty crimes” criminal policy, is a good strategy for addressing the source of cybercrime and providing some experience for legislation. The application of the criminal policy of “early crackdown on petty crimes” in the governance of cybercrime is in line with the basic core of “source governance”, conforms to the spirit of the criminal judicial policy of “less arrest, more cautious prosecution, and more cautious detention”, and follows the petty crime criminal legislation model of China. However, we should follow the “Nulla poena sine lege” in the criminal law when it is applicable, and build a diversified governance system for cybercrimes to achieve the coordinated development of crime governance, human rights protection, and technological progress.

Analysis on the Influence of Communicative Teaching Theory on English Teaching

This paper aims to analyze the influence of communication teaching theory on English teaching. Communication teaching theory is a communication-centered teaching method, which emphasizes that students use language to communicate and interact in the real context. This paper first introduces the basic principles and core concepts of communication teaching theory. Then, this paper discusses the influence of communicative teaching theory on English teaching, including teaching objectives, teaching content, teaching methods and so on. Finally, this paper summarizes the positive influence of communicative teaching theory and makes some suggestions to further promote the application and development of communicative teaching theory in English teaching. Through the study of this paper, we can better understand the importance and practical application of communicative teaching theory to English teaching, and provide a useful reference for improving the quality of English teaching.

Analisis Materi Pokok Mata Pelajaran Matematika Kelas II Sekolah Dasar

Learning mathematics in elementary school is a general subject that must be studied at all levels of school, whether elementary, middle or high school. This research aims to find out the main material in second grade mathematics using the 2013 curriculum (2017 revised edition). Which contains basic competencies, core competencies, operational verbs, HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) and LOTS (Lower Order Thinking Skills) question content. This writing uses a literature study method with data analysis techniques. The results of this research showed that the distribution of dominant mathematical material for KKO KD was in C1, namely identifying, 19%, C2, namely explaining, 50%, C3, namely sorting, 25%, and C4, namely completing 6%. In second grade mathematics material, lower order thinking skills (LOTS) are more dominant, namely 79%. Meanwhile, higher order thinking skills (HOTS) are 21%. Keywords: Subject Matter, Operational Verbs, HOTS and LOTS.

Partially Differentiated Ileal and Rectal Human CFTR-F508del Enteroids Secrete Fluid in Response to cAMP and cGMP: Targeted Preclinical Studies of Pharmaco-Therapy of CF Constipation

Introduction: Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients with Trikafta is prolonging life. This has allowed the importance of other causes of morbidity in these patients to become clearer and to emphasize the need to improve their quality of life by developing additional treatments. Chronic constipation is one such continuing unsolved medical issue for patients with CF even on Trikafta. In general, approaches to treat chronic constipation include increasing intestinal fluid secretion that involves inhibiting intestinal NaCl absorption and/or stimulating intestinal Cl secretion, with inhibition of the latter being the primary defect in CF. Drug development efforts have mostly aimed to improve CFTR function and control pancreatic insuffciency. We have recently reported an enterocyte population in the human ileal and colon that is present between the crypt Cl− secretory cells and the mature small intestinal villus or colonic surface Na+ absorptive cells that contain both DRA and CFTR. This population is called partially differentiated enterocytes. This study was undertaken to derive a strategy to stimulate intestinal fluid secretion from partially differentiated enterocytes in the F508del-CF-patient population by enhancing residual CFTR F508del activity using drugs that stimulate cAMP and cGMP. Methods: Ileal and rectal enteroids from F508del CF patients and healthy subjects (HS/normal) were studied. Enteroids were maintained in growth media containing Wnt3A, R-spondin, and Noggin (undifferentiated/UD); induced to partially differentiate (3d-DF) or fully differentiate (6d-DF) by removal of growth factors (Wnt3A and R-spondin) for 3 or 6 days, respectively. Forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) assay and live cell microscopy were used to determine fluid secretion in enteroids. A relative increase in organoid surface area over a time series of 60 min was measured to quantify FIS response. mRNA expression was determined using qRT-PCR. Results: Compared to HS enteroids, F508del enteroids had significantly higher mRNA expression of LGR5, and Ki67 in the UD state. Expression of goblet cell marker MUC2 and enteroendocrine (EEC) marker ChgA increased with differentiation in both HS and F508del, while 6d-DF F508del enteroids had a significantly higher ChgA compared to 6d-DF enteroids from HS. UD F508del enteroids had significantly higher expression of phosphodiesterase-3a (PDE3a) than HS enteroids, which further increased with differentiation, but did not change in HS. While UD and 6d-DF F508del rectal and ileal enteroids did not swell when exposed to cAMP (forskolin) and cGMP (linaclotide), 3d-DF F508del enteroids showed a swelling response when exposed to cAMP (forskolin) and cGMP (linaclotide). Fluid secretion from 3d-DF F508del enteroids was ~50% (cAMP) and ~67% (cGMP) of the response of intestinal enteroids from HS enteroids. Combinations of CFTR correctors and potentiators mimicking the makeup of Trikafta only partially enhanced fluid secretion in F508del CF enteroids as compared to HS. However, cGMP (linaclotide) additively enhanced Trikafta-induced fluid secretion from 3d-DF F508del enteroids. Conclusions: CFTR F508del can be stimulated by cAMP and cGMP in partially differentiated enterocyte populations. Our findings identify a novel role of the partially differentiated ileal and rectal enterocyte populations which behave in a way that offers the potential to improve treatment for CF constipation. Funding: This study is partly supported by Cystic Fibrosis Foundation grant CF-SINGH20G0, National Institutes of Health grants R01-DK-116352 and P30-DK-89502 (the Hopkins Basic and Translational Research Digestive Diseases Research Core Center). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Research on Marketing Strategy -- Taking the Usmile as an Example

This paper mainly studies the development and rise of the usmile and its marketing strategy under the era of digital media marketing and oral health concerns across the country. The main research topic is what kind of data, market background investigation and trend are used by the usmile to innovate marketing strategies, and whether these marketing strategies have an actual impact on the market and the scope of impact. At the same time, research the brand background and brand vision to know the basic core of the brand marketing. In the whole research process, the 4P theory is applied to study the marketing strategy of the usmile by analyzing the four major directions of the usmile brand, including product, price, promotion and place. At the same time, the marketing strategy of the usmile is studied by investigating market data and comparing charts and data of the same products and brands.By studying the marketing strategies of the usmile, this paper can gradually get to know the full range of digital media marketing strategies, master and accumulate same marketing methods to give targeted suggestions to the usmile and understand the fundamental role of basic marketing for other brands of the same brand or even different brands.

ANALISIS DAMPAK NEGATIF PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK TERHADAP AKHLAK SANTRIWATI KELAS 10 MA MA’AHID KUDUS

The progress and development of information technology has many positive impacts and negative impacts. Judging from the soaring popularity of social media applications that provide entertainment platforms among students at this time, the use of social media actually has a lot of positive impacts on students, but there are also many negative impacts of social media for student behavior and morals. This study aims to analyze the negative impact of using TikTok social media on student morals. This research uses qualitative methods used to research and get answers to existing problems. Data collection techniques carried out by researchers are by observation and interviews. The basic core of the information is the interview results of grade 10 students and ustadzah MA Ma'ahid Kudus. The results of this study show that the use of TikTok social media has a negative impact on grade 10 MA Ma'ahid students which makes students become addicted and lazy, other negative impacts such as students using the TikTok application as an entertainment medium to dance and then publish on social media, a lot of inappropriate speech, with these negative impacts, a solution is needed to overcome the negative impact of using social media TikTok is like controlling yourself by using time well and the existence of direction, knowledge from teachers or ustadzah on TikTok social media.

Donor-donor-acceptor (D-D-A) luminogens containing a central carbazole core: Aggregation-induced emission (AIE), full-color solid-state emission and diverse mechanofluorochromic characteristics

The construction of multi-functionalized luminophores with full-color emission based on the same core skeleton is an appealing yet significantly challenging task. In this work, we rationally designed and facilely constructed a series of donor-donor-acceptor (D-D-A) based luminogens by representative Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Using electron-donating carbazole with hexyl chain as basic core structure, a series of donor-donor-acceptor (D-D-A) typed luminogens with different donor and acceptor units were designed and synthesized. Some compounds showed AIEE or aggregate fluorescence change behaviors due to TICT and RIM. Among them, these compounds displayed diverse mechanofluorochromic characteristics, including reversible or irreversible, red-shifted or blue-shifted mechanofluorochromisms. This provided new ideas for the development of multifunctional organic light-emitting molecules.

A working model of dance movement therapy and its application for psychological assistance hotlines

Psychological hotlines are widely used, convenient, and effective means to help people overcome their stress reactions. In this article, we focused on integrating somatic and mental-micro interventions into the psychological assistance hotline process. In addition to verbal communication, dance movement therapy based on the body-mind interaction can help clients re-establish their connection with psychological resources, such as creativity and resilience in addition to verbal communication. Based on the basic steps and core points of the SAFER-R model, we explored how embodied movement elements can be applied to the hotline setting for body-mind micro-interventions. Furthermore, we proposed the CREATE model and explained how it can be used to intervene and realise the basic functions of psychological hot line service through four case vignettes. Through this article, we added new perspectives and options for the provision of psychological support during public health events, and we enriched the working methods of psychological hotline assistance.

An optimised protocol for the expression and purification of adenovirus core protein VII

Adenovirus protein VII (pVII) is a highly basic core protein, bearing resemblance to mammalian histones. Despite its diverse functions, a comprehensive understanding of its structural intricacies and the mechanisms underlying its functions remain elusive, primarily due to the complexity of producing a good amount of soluble pVII. This study aimed to optimise the expression and purification of recombinant pVII from four different adenoviruses with a simple vector construct. This study successfully determined the optimal conditions for efficiently purifying pVII across four adenovirus species, revealing the differential preference for bacterial expression systems. The One Shot BL21 Star (DE3) proved favourable over Rosetta 2 (DE3) pLysS with consistent levels of expression between IPTG-induced and auto-induction. We demonstrated that combining chemical and mechanical cell lysis is possible and highly effective. Other noteworthy benefits were observed in using RNase during sample processing. The addition of RNase has significantly improved the quality and quantity of the purified protein as confirmed by chromatographic and western blot analyses. These findings established a solid groundwork for pVII purification methodologies and carry the significant potential to assist in unveiling the core structure of pVII, its arrangement within the core, DNA condensation intricacies, and potential pathways for nuclear transport.

Comprehensive analysis of antigenic variations and genomic properties of hepatitis B virus in clinical samples in the mid-north east region of Bangladesh

This investigation delineates an exhaustive analysis of the clinical, immunological, and genomic landscapes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection across a cohort of 22 verified patients. The demographic analysis unveiled a pronounced male bias (77.27%), with patient ages spanning 20 to 85 years and durations of illness ranging from 10 days to 4 years. Predominant clinical manifestations included fever, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, and arthralgia, alongside observed co-morbidities such as chronic renal disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma. Antigenic profiling of the HBV envelope proteins elucidated significant heterogeneity among the infected subjects, particularly highlighted by discordances in the detection capabilities of small and large HBsAg assays, suggesting antigenic diversity. Quantitative assessment of viral loads unveiled a broad spectrum, accompanied by atypical HBeAg reactivity patterns, challenging the reliability of existing serological markers. Correlative studies between viral burden and antigenicity of the envelope proteins unearthed phenomena indicative of diagnostic evasion. Notably, samples demonstrating robust viral replication were paradoxically undetectable by the large HBsAg ELISA kit, advocating for more sophisticated diagnostic methodologies. Genotypic examination of three HBV isolates classified them as genotype D (D2), with phylogenetic alignment to strains from various global origins. Mutational profiling identified pivotal mutations within the basic core promoter and preS2/S1 regions, associated with an augmented risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Further, mutations discerned in the small HBsAg and RT/overlap regions were recognized as contributors to vaccine and/or diagnostic escape mechanisms. In summation, this scholarly discourse elucidates the intricate interplay of clinical presentations, antigenic diversity, and genomic attributes in HBV infection, accentuating the imperative for ongoing investigative endeavors to refine diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

Perbandingan Sistem Levitasi Magnetik Ems dan Eds Untuk Maglev Indonesia

Maglev trains are considered for urban transport and intercity transport systems. On low-medium speed Maglev trains, the operating routine is shorter than that of high-speed trains. Therefore, EMS and LIM technologies are preferred from the point of view of construction costs. However, in high-speed operation, EDS and NGO technologies are preferred for handling, and reliability. In addition, as the development of high-temperature superconductors and new types of permanent magnets develop, stronger and more cost-effective magnetic energy will be used for Maglev trains. The authors believe this technology can be utilized not only for railway applications but also aircraft launch systems and spacecraft launch systems. The need for a new and improved transportation system prompted many countries to be interested and seek to develop Maglev railways. However, although Maglev trains have been studied and developed for approximately half a century, few countries have the knowledge and expertise to do so. This review paper attempts to describe the current complete system in detail and summarizes the basic core technologies of Maglev trains from an electrical engineering point of view. The research hopes to be useful for people interested in this to assimilate Maglev train technology including magnetic levitation, propulsion, guidance, and power supply systems.

Crossing the Achilles Heel of Algorithms: Identifying the Developmental Dilemma of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Judicial Decision-Making

In the developmental dilemma of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted judicial decision-making, the technicalarchitecture of AI determines its inherent lack of transparency and interpretability, which is challenging to fundamentallyimprove. This can be considered a true challenge in the realm of AI-assisted judicial decision-making. By examining thecourt’s acceptance, integration, and trade-offs of AI technology embedded in the judicial field, the exploration of potentialconflicts, interactions, and even mutual shaping between the two will not only reshape their conceptual connotations andintellectual boundaries but also strengthen the cognition and re-interpretation of the basic principles and core values of thejudicial trial system.