Basic Construction Research Articles

The Implications of Sports Biomechanics Studies on the Research and Development of Running Shoes: A Systematic Review.

Although various sports footwear demonstrated marked changes in running biomechanical variables, few studies have yielded definitive findings on the underlying mechanisms of shoe constructions affecting running-related performance and injuries. Therefore, this study focused on examining the effect of basic shoe constructions on running biomechanics and assessing the current state of sports shoe production in terms of injury and efficiency. Relevant literature was searched on five databases using Boolean logic operation and then screened by eligibility criteria. A total of 1260 related articles were retrieved in this review, and 41 articles that met the requirements were finally included, mainly covering the influence of midsole, longitudinal bending stiffness, heel-toe drop, shoe mass, heel flare, and heel stabilizer on running-related performance and injuries. The results of this review study were: (1) The functional positioning of running shoe design and the target groups tend to influence running performance and injury risk; (2) Thickness of 15–20 mm, hardness of Asker C50-C55 of the midsole, the design of the medial or lateral heel flares of 15°, the curved carbon plate, and the 3D printed heel cup may be beneficial to optimize performance and reduce running-related injuries; (3) The update of research and development concepts in sports biomechanics may further contribute to the development of running shoes; (4) Footwear design and optimization should also consider the influences of runners’ strike patterns.

One-Step Epitaxial Growth of Multilayer MoS2/SnS2 Vertical Nanosheets for High-Performance Photodetectors

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures have aroused widespread interest in basic research and device construction because of their unique physical properties and better device performance. Previous studies often focused on vertical bilayer heterostructures composed of two distinct monolayer 2D materials using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Here, a KI-assisted confined-space CVD method is reported to synthesize multilayer MoS2/SnS2 vertical heterostructure nanosheets composed of monolayer MoS2 and multilayer SnS2. The optical characterizations reveal a clear interface between monolayer MoS2 and multilayer SnS2 as well as the vertical heterostructure. Photodetectors based on the as-grown MoS2/SnS2 heterostructure nanosheets can obtain a maximum responsivity of 9611 A/W under visible light illumination. Meanwhile, the minimum response time is about 510 μs. The ultrasensitive photoresponse may be related to the higher light absorption of such multilayer SnS2. This work not only provides an approach to construct multilayer 2D heterostructure nanosheets but also demonstrates their potential advantages in the application of high-performance photodetectors.

The Impact of High-Standard Farmland Construction Policy on Rural Poverty in China

As the core component of agricultural development projects, high-standard farmland construction is a reliable measure of agricultural production, and can be used to improve the economy in rural areas. Based on provincial panel data, this paper adopts the continuous difference-in-differences (DID) method to analyze the impact of China’s high-standard basic farmland construction policy on the incidence of rural poverty and its mechanisms. The results show that this policy can significantly reduce the incidence of rural poverty by 7.4%, and if, after using robust standard error and bootstrap sampling 1000 times for a robustness test, the regression results are still robust, this also shows that this inhibitory effect is stable and persistent. It can be seen from a heterogeneity analysis that the implementation of the policy has a more significant effect on poverty reduction in areas with a higher incidence of rural poverty and a larger scale of land remediation, as well as areas in the eastern and western regions. A mechanism analysis shows that natural disasters, output value and technological progress play a partial intermediary role in the poverty reduction effects of high-standard basic farmland construction policy, and the intermediary effects are 5.79%, 44.03%, and 14.13%, respectively. This paper suggests that we should continue to promote the construction of high-standard basic farmland, explore suitable construction modes of high-standard basic farmland for different regions, continuously promote the process of agricultural modernization, and broaden the ways through which rural residents are able to accumulate capital to promote rural poverty reduction and revitalization.

Study on the influence of constructional parameters on performance of outer layer of thermal protective clothing

A study was designed to determine the effect of basic construction parameters of woven fabric on the thermal protection and comfort performance of the fabric. Thermal protection performance may be calculated using thermal protective performance (TPP) rating. The thermal resistance and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of different fabric woven patterns were used to evaluate their comfort performance. The current research is primarily concerned with determining the influence of fabric weaving pattern (plain, twill 2/2, twill 3/1, satin and honeycomb), picks per inch (40, 50 and 60), ply of yarn (2 ply and 3 ply) and type of material (meta aramid and para aramid). We measured the TPP rating of fabrics against 50:50 combination of radiant heat and flame exposures at high level of heat flux (80 ± 2 kW/m2 or ∼2 cal/cm2/s). It was found that the TPP rating of honeycomb weave was very good for the same picks per inch compare to other weaves. The change in ply of yarn (from 3 ply to 2 ply) reduce the TPP rating and areal density of fabric but % loss in areal density is higher compare to TPP rating. Comparing honeycomb woven fabrics to fabrics with different weaving pattern, thermal resistance of honeycomb woven fabrics were good. As the number of fabric picks per inch increased for each type of woven structure examined, the TPP rating and thermal resistance improved, while WVTR declined. The multiple linear regression equation (model) is significant for TPP rating.

Digital technology-driven smart society governance mechanism and practice exploration

A smart society is an advanced form of society following agricultural society, industrial society, and information society, with digital data processing system as its main carrier. However, the governance of a smart society still faces many challenges. In view of this problem, first, this research constructs a smart society governance modernization strategy. Second, the innovation mode of a society governance mechanism driven by digital technology is proposed, including the precise intellectual control of a digital twin, the intelligent ubiquitous sensing of the Internet of Things, the empowerment remodeling of a blockchain and the livelihood service of artificial intelligence. Third, this study systematically explores the practice of smart society governance modernization from the aspects of basic information platform construction, evaluation system construction, application demonstration of epidemic prevention and control driven by big data, support of spatial intelligence and artificial intelligence technology for people’s livelihood, smart campus, public resources, and data governance application demonstration to provide theoretical guidance for promoting digital technology innovation in the process of the governance of a smart society.

Application of knowledge graph in power system fault diagnosis and disposal: A critical review and perspectives

Knowledge graph (KG) has good knowledge expression ability and interpretation, and its application to power system fault diagnosis and disposal can effectively integrate data of the whole life cycle of equipment and form a novel knowledge-driven operation and maintenance management mode. This is crucial to assist dispatchers in fault disposal and effectively improve the power system emergency handling capability and dispatch intelligence level. This paper conducts a systematic review and summary of the application of KG in power system fault diagnosis and disposal, so as to provide an adequate and comprehensive guide for further research in this field. Firstly, the definition, status, and classification of KGs are systematically described, and the general process of KG construction is sorted out. Secondly, the basic framework, construction process, key technologies, and typical practices of KG for power system fault diagnosis and disposal are summarized and reviewed in detail. Ultimately, several challenges, opportunities, and perspectives of KG in this field are carefully presented.

Exploration of the Problems and Solutions Based on the Translation of Computer Software into Japanese Language

At present, the research on machine translation mainly focuses on English-Chinese translation, while the research on Japanese college students using Japanese Chinese machine translation software is relatively few. In order to solve the above problems in Chinese Japanese bilingual translation, this paper proposes a phrase translation method based on sequence intersection. This method regards sentences as word sequences and aligns the sequence intersection of all source sentences corresponding to the target sentence in the corpus with Chinese and Japanese sentences containing the phrases to be translated. By fully mining the information of sentence alignment bilingual corpus without word alignment resources, we can obtain high-quality phrase translation, syntactic analysis, and dictionary. Then, we focus on the automatic construction of sentence level aligned bilingual corpus and explore the automatic sentence alignment technology of Chinese and Japanese bilinguals. A ten-year alignment model based on combination cues and core extended square matching is proposed. The preprocessing of the computer corpus and the basic construction of the corpus are completed. This paper also puts forward corresponding countermeasures and approaches to the problems encountered in the construction of computer translation.

Fast computations on ordered nominal sets

Nominal automata are models for recognising languages over infinite alphabets, based on the algebraic notion of nominal set. Motivated by their use in automata theory, we show how to compute efficiently with nominal sets over the so-called total order symmetry, a variant which allows to compare alphabet letters for equality as well as their respective order. We develop an explicit finite representation of such nominal sets and basic constructions thereon. The approach is implemented as the library Ons (Ordered Nominal Sets), enabling programming with infinite sets. Returning to our motivation of nominal automata, we evaluate Ons in two applications: minimisation of automata and active automata learning. In both cases, Ons is competitive compared to existing implementations and outperforms them for certain classes of inputs.

Научные представления о профессиональной и физической работоспособности специалиста

The article provides a review analysis of publications on the subject of a retrospective of scientific views on the "professional and physical performance" of a specialist in relation to their essence and content. The thesis is argued that physiologists saturate terms with medical specific gravity; teachers – socio-cultural and theoretical components; psychologists – cognitive-moral and emotional shades; although in general - the basic construction of professional and physical performance has the same concepts. As a result, the author of the review comes to the conclusion about the need for an integrative view of the interpretation of concepts, which implies the quantitative and qualitative amount of human labor that his body is able to perform for a long time, efficiently and with the maintenance of the required load regimes with the dominance of the "physical condition" parameter, which includes a set of anthropometric features, physical fitness, functional state and biological resources of the body (echelons of physiological reserves).

The topology of general cosmological models* *G J Galloway acknowledges the support of NSF Grant DMS-1710808 and Simons Foundation Grant 850541. M A Khuri acknowledges the support of NSF Grants DMS-1708798, DMS-2104229, and Simons Foundation Fellowship 681443. E Woolgar acknowledges the support of a Discovery Grant RGPIN-2017-04896 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council.

Is the Universe finite or infinite, and what shape does it have? These fundamental questions, of which relatively little is known, are typically studied within the context of the standard model of cosmology where the Universe is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic. Here we address the above questions in highly general cosmological models, with the only assumption being that the average flow of matter is irrotational. Using techniques from differential geometry, specifically extensions of the Bonnet–Myers theorem, we derive a condition which implies a finite Universe and yields a bound for its diameter. Furthermore, under a weaker condition involving the interplay between curvature and diameter, together with the assumption that the Universe is finite (i.e. has closed spatial slices), we provide a concise list of possible topologies. Namely, the spatial sections then would be either the ring topologies S 1 × S 2, , , , or covered by the sphere S 3 or torus T 3. In particular, under this condition the basic construction of connected sums would be ruled out (save for one), along with the plethora of topologies associated with negative curvature. These results are obtained from consequences of the geometrization of three-manifolds, by applying a generalization of the almost splitting theorem together with a curvature formula of Ehlers and Ellis.

Reliability Analysis of Sports Training Evaluation Index Based on Random Matrix

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the reliability of indicators for the evaluation of sports training using the algorithm of random matrices. Random matrix theory is used to obtain the degree of randomness of the data and the overall correlation characteristics of the data through statistical analysis of the energy spectrum and eigenstates of complex systems. Using the results of random matrix theory on the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix, the energy of each subspace is estimated, and the estimated energy is then used to construct the subspace weighting matrix. The problem of reliable finite-time stability of the model under several types of uncertain time-lagged bounded transfer probability Markov jump parameter compatibility indicators is also explored. The four basic theoretical issues, namely, value orientation, construction basis, construction principles, and conceptual model of the sports training work evaluation index system, are studied. This paper takes the construction of a sports training evaluation index system as the research object and uses the literature method, expert interview method, questionnaire survey method, data analysis method, Delphi method, and hierarchical analysis method as the main research methods to construct a set of sports training evaluation index system as the research task, to enrich the idea of sports training evaluation work, and to provide a reference for the future government to be able to develop a sports training evaluation index system that is in line with the development of the times. The research method was used to collect the opinions of experts. The subjective opinions given by experts were collected using the assignment method, and the weight coefficients of each index were calculated using the AHP hierarchical analysis method. The result is that the index of basic conditions (0.3591) has the largest weight in the whole system. After that, organization and management (0.1911), work effectiveness (0.1376), staffing (0.103), activity development (0.0828), financial and fund management (0.0562), publicity and reporting (0.0382), and material provision (0.032) are in order. The evaluation results of the index system are consistent with the current actual situation of specialization teaching, indicating that the index system for evaluating the effectiveness of high school sports training has good validity.

Survey on the tourist satisfaction of rural homestay based on the theory of importance-performance analysis.

Guilin rural homestays are an important support for rural tourism destinations, serving not only as accommodation but also as a representative of the local culture of the town. To improve satisfaction with rural homestays among tourists, enhance destination attractiveness, and better meet tourist demands for accommodation conditions, this study combines literature and network text analysis to construct an evaluation index system for Guilin rural homestay tourist satisfaction. The data collected by a questionnaire survey based on importance–performance analysis (IPA) are analyzed. The results show that actual tourist satisfaction with the experience in the 21 indexes is lower than the pre-consumption expectation, due to the imperfect facilities, lack of special service development, relative optimization of basic road construction, and the need for improvement in the internal and external environment, among other factors. Through the improvement of the above factors, the satisfaction of tourists to the rural homestay can be improved.

Influence of process conditions on the composite construction material properties based on sulfur binder

The construction industry is the most large-capacity industry, where the issue of quality and availability of basic road construction materials is particularly acute. Established resources of high-quality mineral raw materials that could be used for the construction materials production are practically absent in the Yakutia territory and are located extremely unevenly, which significantly reduces the work quality performed, and when delivering conditioned materials to the construction site, leads to a significant increase in cost. In this regard, the issue of using local raw materials, including off-quality ones, as well as industrial waste for the construction composite materials development, including concrete, with high physical, mechanical and operational properties complex is currently acute. Thus, recently there has been an increased interest in sulfur-containing materials, in which sulfur plays a fundamental component role and provides a high technical effect — hydrophobicity, sufficiently high strength, frost resistance, and durability necessary for composite road construction materials operating in Yakutia. This article presents the research results on the development of technology and new sulfur concrete compositions from fine river sands and crushed limestone screenings using technical and modified sulfur as a binder. The possibility of using local raw materials and sulfur binder for sulfur concrete production, which differs from traditional concrete on Portland cement, by a high physical and mechanical properties complex, has been established.

Study of carbon nano-modifier of fly ash in cement concrete mixtures of civil engineering

Abstract Modern materials science has faced the problem of reducing the cost of raw materials and labor costs while obtaining basic construction materials (cement concrete) with increased performance properties. The article aims to substantiate the use of carbon nanotubes of fly ash as a cement concrete modifier to be reasonable for solving the above problem. Experimental studies are carried out using standard and special methods. The technological properties of cement concrete mixtures are determined in accordance with the European and American standards. The study investigates the impact of carbon nanotubes of fly ash on the structure and properties of the mineral Portland cement binder. The article provides the examination of structural and rheological characteristics of nano-modified cement concrete mixtures. The effect of a carbon nano-modifier on the strength, deformation, and performance properties of cement concrete mixtures is defined. As a result, the optimal composition of nano-modified cement concrete mixture has been developed that meets the criteria of concrete compressive strength and flowability. Positive research results allow determining the areas of application of the obtained compositions in civil engineering.

Discrete overlap functions: Basic properties and constructions

As a kind of emerging binary continuous aggregation operator that has been successfully applied in many practical application problems, overlap functions on the unit closed interval have been considered by scholars on different truth values sets lately. At the same time, studying aggregation operators on finite chains, especially for commonly used binary aggregation operators, is a meaningful and hot topic in the research field of aggregation operators. In this paper, we pay attention to overlap functions on finite chains, which are called discrete overlap functions. Specifically, first, we introduce the notions of discrete overlap functions on the finite chain L with n+2 elements and its arbitrary subchains along with an extended form of them. Second, we study some basic properties of discrete overlap functions on L, especially for the idempotent property, Archimedean property and cancellation law. In particular, we obtain some new properties which are different from those of the overlap functions on other truth values sets, for instance, every discrete overlap function on L takes the greatest element on L as the neutral element. Third, we discuss the construction methods of discrete overlap functions on L. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the results obtained in this paper provide a theoretical basis and more possibilities for the potential applications of overlap functions in other fields besides their known applications, especially for the situation of that the reasoning of experts are described by linguistic terms or labels, such as in expert systems, fuzzy control and etc.

Digital Recognition Methods Based on Deep Learning

In this paper, the K-nearest neighbor algorithm and the convolutional neural network will be used to train the handwritten digit recognition model, respectively. To establish a reasonable model structure, and through the training data, the model can learn to reflect ten different handwritten number features and finally give the probability of predicting number corresponding to the likelihood of each number. Taking the learning process of the handwritten numeral recognition algorithm based on deep learning as a clue, from deep learning to convolutional neural network, from simple to deep, the relevant basic concepts, model construction, and training process of deep learning are learned and understood. Finally, the deep learning framework uses MNIST as the training dataset to train a model with high recognition rate and then combines it with Open CV technology to realize the identification of handwritten numbers. A reasonable model structure is used to accurately identify the handwritten numbers in the test set. The neural network of deep learning is established with TensorFlow to realize the classification and recognition of handwritten numbers. Various deep learning methods such as CNN and KNN are learned and compared to complete the construction of deep learning architecture. The MNIST dataset was preprocessed, features extracted, and identified. The program is to complete the training of neural network and the recognition of numbers in the image, the recognition results of deep learning methods used are counted and analyzed, and the recognition rates of two different methods are compared to find ways to optimize these methods and improve the recognition rate.

The Syntax of Negation of Serial Verbs in Urdu

The focus of this study is to highlight the syntax of the negation marker in Urdu serial verbs. There are two types of serial verb constructions (SVCs) in Urdu. In SVC 1, negation marker either precedes both verbs or it comes in between SVC, whereas in SVC 2 single negation marker either comes in between SVC or double negation precedes both verbs in sequence. The insertion of single negation marker in SVC does not affect the agreement phenomenon in Urdu and it merely adds supplementary negation reading in the sentence. However, the double negation affects the agreement i.e. the basic construction of SVC-1 where the first verb remains frozen and the last verb shows agreement in terms of number, person, and gender but when double negation comes in SVC- 1 it converts the construction into SVC-2 where both verbs show agreement, and negation marker shows agreement in terms of aspect on first verb. Under the Minimalist Program, both negation markers originate under TP which is similar to Chomsky’s representation of negation in clause. First negation marker in double negation constituent takes the frozen verb as its compliment and becomes cause of its inflection, whereas the second negation marker is the specifier of the second verb which is similar to Bukhari’s analysis

Performance evaluation of mortarless brick masonry

The rising cost of construction materials need to adhere alternate construction techniques and materials. Mud brick is one of the common and basic construction units since thousands of years. In this research study the bricks with mechanical interlocking mechanism are used for comparison over economical, sustainable, environment friendly and fast track construction especially for the flood and earthquake affected areas. Naturally destructive areas require quick rehabilitation of the displaced people. A parametric study has been performed in compassion with conventional brick masonry. Performance evaluation for construction cost and time has been studied along with the durability of system to check the acceptability of mortarless masonry construction technique.

Sentence Simplification Capabilities of Transfer-Based Models

According to the official adult literacy report conducted in 24 highly-developed countries, more than 50% adults, on average, can only understand basic vocabulary, short sentences, and basic syntactic constructions. Everyday information found in news articles is thus inaccessible to many people, impeding their social inclusion and informed decision-making. Systems for automatic sentence simplification aim to provide scalable solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose new state-of-the-art sentence simplification systems for English and Spanish, and specifications for expert evaluation that are in accordance with well-established easy-to-read guidelines. We conduct expert evaluation of our new systems and the previous state-of-the-art systems for English and Spanish, and discuss strengths and weaknesses of each of them. Finally, we draw conclusions about the capabilities of the state-of-the-art sentence simplification systems and give some directions for future research.

A Preliminary Study of Analising Weft Cover Factor of Woven Fabrics by Image Treatment

Cover factor is defined as the ratio of the area covered by yarns to the total area of the fabric. This fabric’s characteristic is a basic construction parameter of woven cloth related to its end-use behaviour. Different authors are focused on studying the effect of the cover factor fabric on different properties of the fabric, like air permeability, ultraviolet protection, noise absorption and light transmission. However, the aim of this work is study the capacity of the weft to achieve a certain degree of coverage in the woven fabric, taking advantage of the warp's ability to allow light to pass through its own structure and the opacity of the weft.